fdisk -l # 查看可挂载的磁盘, 或者 lsblk 命令
df -h # 查看已经挂载的磁盘
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 # 格式化磁盘：格式是ext4，注意这里会`格式化可挂载磁盘`
mount /dev/sdb1 /data0 # mount 磁盘到 `/data0`，保证 `/data0` 为空
blkid # 获取磁盘的uuid和属性，用uuid来进行开机mount
vim /etc/fstab # 开机mount，模板: UUID=********** /data0 ext4 defaults 1 1备份
# 每次操作之前一定要先备份
cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup列出磁盘
fdisk
fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00057260
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 17803263 8388608 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 17803264 937701375 459949056 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 600.1 GB, 600127266816 bytes, 1172123568 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa6abba72
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 2048 1172119551 586058752 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Disk /dev/sdc: 300.0 GB, 300000000000 bytes, 585937500 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb34e161e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 585934847 292966400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFATlsblk
lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 8G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 438.7G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 558.9G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 558.9G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 279.4G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 279.4G 0 part磁盘分区(新盘)
# 根据提示操作
fdisk /dev/sdb已挂载磁盘
df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev
tmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 12G 1.2G 11G 10% /run
tmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3 439G 305G 134G 70% /
/dev/sda1 494M 166M 329M 34% /boot
tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb没有挂载
临时挂载
mount /dev/sdb1 /data0找到磁盘 UUID
# 所有硬盘UUID
blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="d3ab3f39-3d7b-4242-b68e-b38fb4b29176" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="b072dffc-d2fd-4834-b0b7-d8b88b042f08" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda3: UUID="64f9460d-b609-42a3-b5f1-8c3c4482500f" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="M-fM-^VM-0M-eM-^JM- M-eM-^MM-7" UUID="18DAF517DAF4F1BC" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdc1: LABEL="M-fM-^VM-0M-eM-^JM- M-eM-^MM-7" UUID="CAACA88EACA8769B" TYPE="ntfs"
blkid | grep sdb1 | awk '{if(match($0, /UUID="([^"]+)"/, a)) {print a[0]} }'
UUID="18DAF517DAF4F1BC"
# 直接获取UUID
blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/sda2开机启动挂载(Mount)
vim /etc/fstab
UUID=64f9460d-b609-42a3-b5f1-8c3c4482500f / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=d3ab3f39-3d7b-4242-b68e-b38fb4b29176 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=b072dffc-d2fd-4834-b0b7-d8b88b042f08 swap swap defaults 0 0
# New
UUID=18DAF517DAF4F1BC /data0 ntfs defaults 0 0意义如下：
| 字段 | 意义 |
|---|---|
| 设备文件 | 一般为设备的路径+设备名称，写唯一识别码（UUID，Universally Unique Identifier） |
| 挂载目录 | 指定要挂载到的目录，需在挂载前创建好 |
| 格式类型 | 指定文件系统的格式，比如 Ext3、Ext4、XFS、SWAP、iso9660（此为光盘设备）等 |
| 权限选项 | 若设置为 defaults，则默认权限为：rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, async |
| 是否备份 | 若为 1 则开机后使用 dump 进行磁盘备份，为 0 则不备份 |
| 是否自检 | 若为 1 则开机后自动进行磁盘自检，为 0 则不自检 |
写 UUID 是为了防止：新增硬盘或者删除硬盘后，硬盘挂载错位的问题。
Persistent_block_device_naming
另一种 Mount 方式
ls -l /dev/disk/by-id
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 May 7 18:33 ata-HGST_HUS728T8TALE6L4_VGKR5DJG -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 May 10 00:53 ata-HGST_HUS728T8TALE6L4_VGKR5GTG -> ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 May 10 00:53 ata-HGST_HUS728T8TALE6L4_VGKR5GTG-part1 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 May 10 00:53 ata-HGST_HUS728T8TALE6L4_VGKR5GTG-part2 -> ../../sda2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 May 10 00:53 ata-HGST_HUS728T8TALE6L4_VGKR5GTG-part3 -> ../../sda3MinIO
Deploy MinIO: Multi-Node Multi-Drive[1]
MinIO requires using expansion notation {x...y} to denote a sequential series of drives when creating the new deployment, where all nodes in the deployment have an identical set of mounted drives. MinIO also requires that the ordering of physical drives remain constant across restarts, such that a given mount point always points to the same formatted drive. MinIO therefore strongly recommends using /etc/fstab or a similar file-based mount configuration to ensure that drive ordering cannot change after a reboot. For example:
$ mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb -L DISK1
$ mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc -L DISK2
$ mkfs.xfs /dev/sdd -L DISK3
$ mkfs.xfs /dev/sde -L DISK4
$ nano /etc/fstab
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
LABEL=DISK1 /mnt/disk1 xfs defaults,noatime 0 2
LABEL=DISK2 /mnt/disk2 xfs defaults,noatime 0 2
LABEL=DISK3 /mnt/disk3 xfs defaults,noatime 0 2
LABEL=DISK4 /mnt/disk4 xfs defaults,noatime 0 2参考
| 硬件设备 | 文件名称 |
|---|---|
| IDE 设备 | /dev/hd[a-d] |
| SCSI/SATA/U 盘 | /dev/sd[a-z] |
| virtio 设备 | /dev/vd[a-z] |
| 软驱 | /dev/fd[0-1] |
| 打印机 | /dev/lp[0-15] |
| 光驱 | /dev/cdrom |
| 鼠标 | /dev/mouse |
| 磁带机 | /dev/st0 或/dev/ht0 |