python用openpyxl操作excel-单元格操作
python
import logging
import com.pro001.log.pro_log_config as pro_log_config #参见另一篇博文
from openpyxl import Workbook, load_workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Alignment, Side, PatternFill, Border
import os
import datetime
import random
import pandas as pd
def create_sn(prefix, output_len=4):
'''生成含有前缀并至少带指定长度格式的序列号，
格式：prefix_d0{output_len}1'''
if output_len < 1:
output_len = 1
sn = 0
while True:
sn += 1
if len(str(sn)) > output_len:
# 当大于指定位数时直接加上位数
yield f'{prefix}' + str(sn)
else:
yield f'{prefix}' + '{:0{}}'.format(sn, output_len)
def excel_cell_operate(base_file_path):
""" excel文件指定sheet指定单元格操作 """
try:
if not os.path.exists(base_file_path):
os.makedirs(base_file_path)
logger.error(f'已创建文件路径：{base_file_path}')
dt_str = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
file_path_name = 'F' + dt_str + '.xlsx'
file_path_name = os.path.join(base_file_path, file_path_name)
wb = Workbook()
# 1，获取第一个sheet对象，并设置为活动sheet
ws = wb.worksheets[0]
wb.active = ws
# 2，单元格写入值
# 2.1，根据坐标逐个单元格写入值，完成一行数据
ws['A1'] = '报案号'
ws['B1'] = '姓名'
ws['C1'] = '年龄'
ws['D1'] = '行号'
# 2.2，根据行列方式逐个单元格写入值一行数据，循环可写入多行数据
cno = create_sn('UCN02000', 4)
for i in range(1,5):
new_max_num = ws.max_row + 1
ws.cell(row=new_max_num, column=1, value=f'{next(cno)}')
ws.cell(row=new_max_num, column=2, value=f'姓名{random.randint(1,99):03d}')
ws.cell(row=new_max_num, column=3, value=str(random.randint(1,99)))
ws.cell(row=new_max_num, column=4, value=str(new_max_num))
# 3,读取单元格数据
# 3.1，根据坐标方式读取单元格数据
row02_cel01 = ws['A2'].value
# 3.2，根据行列方式读取单元格数据
row02_cel02 = ws.cell(row=2, column=2).value
row02_cel03 = ws.cell(row=2, column=3).value
row02_cel04 = ws.cell(row=2, column=4).value
logger.info(f'row02 data:{row02_cel01} - {row02_cel02} - {row02_cel03} - {row02_cel04}')
# 3.3，遍历当前活动sheet的所有单元格
max_cell_num = ws.max_column
max_row_num = ws.max_row
for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=2, max_row=max_row_num, min_col=1, max_col=max_cell_num):
print('row data:', end='')
for cell in row:
print(cell.value, end=' - ')
print('')
# 4，单元格合并操作
# 4.1，当前活动sheet中根据坐标合并单元格
ws.merge_cells('A7:D8')
ws['A7'] = f'合并之后单元格的值{random.randint(10,100)}'
# 4.2，根据行列范围合并单元格方式
ws.merge_cells(start_row=9, start_column=1, end_row=10, end_column=5)
ws.cell(row=9, column=1, value=f'合并之后单元格的值{random.randint(90,200)}')
# 5，拆分单元格
# 5.1，方式一为指定坐标拆分单元格
#ws.unmerge_cells('A7:D8')
# 5.2，方式二为指定行列范围单元格
ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=9, start_column=1, end_row=10, end_column=5)
# 6，行数据的插入和删除
# 6.1，在当前活动sheet中某行（如11行）之前插入 1 行数据，
ws.cell(row=11, column=1, value=f'{next(cno)}')
ws.cell(row=11, column=2, value=f'姓名{random.randint(1, 20):03d}')
ws.cell(row=11, column=3, value=str(random.randint(1, 99)))
ws.cell(row=11, column=4, value=str(11))
# 6.2，在当前活动sheet中某行（如11行）之后插入 5 行数据，
# 实际是在 12 行之前插入，插入都是在目标行之前插入，只是改变下标就可看作是目标位的前或后
for i in range(12, 17):
ws.cell(row=i, column=1, value=f'{next(cno)}')
ws.cell(row=i, column=2, value=f'姓名{random.randint(1, 20):03d}')
ws.cell(row=i, column=3, value=str(random.randint(1, 99)))
ws.cell(row=i, column=4, value=str(i))
print(f'第{i}数据：{[cell.value for cell in ws[i]]}')
# 6.3，删除某行数据，例如第 3 行数据
print(f'第3行删除前数据：{[cell.value for cell in ws[3]]}')
ws.delete_rows(idx=3)
# 6.4，删除多行数据，例如第 12 开始，删除 2 行数据
print(f'第12行删除前数据：{[cell.value for cell in ws[12]]}')
print(f'第13行删除前数据：{[cell.value for cell in ws[13]]}')
ws.delete_rows(idx=12, amount=2)
# 7，列数据的插入和删除
# 7.1，在当前活动sheet中某列（如第5列）之前插入 1 列数据，
ws.insert_cols(idx=5)
ws.cell(row=1, column=5, value=f'Cell05')
col_letter = ws.cell(row=1, column=5).column_letter
ws.column_dimensions[col_letter].width = 13 #设定列宽
# 初始化第5列数据
for row_idx in range(2, ws.max_row+1):
ws.cell(row=row_idx, column=5, value=f'val{row_idx:02d}-05')
# 7.2，在当前活动sheet中某列（如第5列）之后插入 6 列数据，
for cel_idx in range(5, 11):
ws.insert_cols(idx=cel_idx)
ws.cell(row=1, column=cel_idx, value=f'Cell{cel_idx:02d}')
col_letter = ws.cell(row=1, column=cel_idx).column_letter
ws.column_dimensions[col_letter].width = 13 #设定列宽
# 给新添加的第5-11列进行初始化值
for row_idx in range(2, ws.max_row+1):
for col_idx in range(5, 11):
ws.cell(row=row_idx, column=col_idx, value=f'val{row_idx:02d}-{col_idx:02d}')
col_letter = ws.cell(row=row_idx, column=cel_idx).column_letter
ws.column_dimensions[col_letter].width = 13 # 设定列宽
# 7.3，从第 7 列开始，删除后面 2 列，无 amount 参数则默认删除后面1列
ws.delete_cols(idx=7, amount=2)
# 保存wb对象
wb.save(file_path_name)
logger.info(f'文件{file_path_name}单元格操作成功！')
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f'生成Excel文件见：{file_path_name},单元格操作失败，info:\n{e}')
def main():
"""主函数"""
base_dir = r'F:\appData\tempExcel'
excel_cell_operate(base_dir)
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('-' * 60)
main()