你是否还记得童年在诺基亚手机上玩的贪吃蛇？现在，只需几十行 Python 代码，你就能在电脑上复刻这个经典游戏！本文将带你从零开始，使用标准库 pygame 编写一个支持方向控制、计分、碰撞检测、游戏结束提示的贪吃蛇程序，并最终打包成 .exe 文件，送给朋友一起玩。
为什么选择 Pygame？
轻量、易学，适合 2D 小游戏开发。内置键盘/事件响应，完美适配贪吃蛇控制可打包为独立可执行文件（.exe）无需复杂数学，逻辑清晰直观。最适合初学者照搬测试。感兴趣的朋友对步骤如果不太了解可以翻阅下前面的博文。
安装pygame
pip install pygame
第一步：设计游戏核心逻辑
贪吃蛇的核心规则非常简单：
| 元素 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 蛇 | 由多个方块组成，头在前，尾在后 |
| 食物 | 随机出现在地图上，蛇吃到后变长 |
| 移动 | 蛇每帧向当前方向前进一格 |
| 控制 | 用方向键（↑↓←→）改变蛇头方向 |
| 碰撞 | 撞墙 or 撞自己 → 游戏结束 |
| 计分 | 每吃一个食物 +10 分 |
第二步：完整代码实现（snake_game.py）
将以下代码保存为 snake_game.py：
源代码：
# snake_game.py
import pygame
import sys
import random
import time
# 初始化
pygame.init()
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 640, 480
GRID_SIZE = 20
GRID_WIDTH = WIDTH // GRID_SIZE
GRID_HEIGHT = HEIGHT // GRID_SIZE
# 颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GRAY = (50, 50, 50)
# 方向
UP = (0, -1)
DOWN = (0, 1)
LEFT = (-1, 0)
RIGHT = (1, 0)
class Snake:
def __init__(self):
self.reset()
def reset(self):
self.length = 3
self.positions = [(GRID_WIDTH // 2, GRID_HEIGHT // 2)]
self.direction = random.choice([UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT])
self.score = 0
self.grow_to = 3
def get_head_position(self):
return self.positions[0]
def update(self):
head = self.get_head_position()
x, y = self.direction
new_x = (head[0] + x) % GRID_WIDTH
new_y = (head[1] + y) % GRID_HEIGHT
new_position = (new_x, new_y)
# 撞自己检测（除身体最后一节）
if new_position in self.positions[1:]:
return False # 游戏结束
self.positions.insert(0, new_position)
if len(self.positions) > self.grow_to:
self.positions.pop()
return True
def change_direction(self, direction):
# 不能 180 度掉头
if (direction[0] * -1, direction[1] * -1) != self.direction:
self.direction = direction
def grow(self):
self.grow_to += 1
self.score += 10
class Food:
def __init__(self):
self.position = (0, 0)
self.randomize_position()
def randomize_position(self):
self.position = (
random.randint(0, GRID_WIDTH - 1),
random.randint(0, GRID_HEIGHT - 1)
)
# 主程序
def main():
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("🐍 贪吃蛇 - 方向键控制 | R 重玩 | Q 退出")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
snake = Snake()
food = Food()
# 确保食物不刷在蛇身上
while food.position in snake.positions:
food.randomize_position()
font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 36)
running = True
game_over = False
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if game_over:
if event.key == pygame.K_r:
snake.reset()
food.randomize_position()
while food.position in snake.positions:
food.randomize_position()
game_over = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
running = False
else:
if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
snake.change_direction(UP)
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
snake.change_direction(DOWN)
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
snake.change_direction(LEFT)
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
snake.change_direction(RIGHT)
if not game_over:
if not snake.update():
game_over = True
else:
# 检查是否吃到食物
if snake.get_head_position() == food.position:
snake.grow()
food.randomize_position()
while food.position in snake.positions:
food.randomize_position()
# 绘制
screen.fill(BLACK)
# 绘制网格（可选）
for x in range(0, WIDTH, GRID_SIZE):
pygame.draw.line(screen, GRAY, (x, 0), (x, HEIGHT), 1)
for y in range(0, HEIGHT, GRID_SIZE):
pygame.draw.line(screen, GRAY, (0, y), (WIDTH, y), 1)
# 绘制蛇
for i, pos in enumerate(snake.positions):
color = GREEN if i == 0 else (0, 200, 0) # 头更亮
rect = pygame.Rect(pos[0] * GRID_SIZE, pos[1] * GRID_SIZE, GRID_SIZE, GRID_SIZE)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rect, 1) # 边框
# 绘制食物
food_rect = pygame.Rect(food.position[0] * GRID_SIZE, food.position[1] * GRID_SIZE, GRID_SIZE, GRID_SIZE)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, food_rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, food_rect, 1)
# 显示分数
score_text = font.render(f"分数: {snake.score}", True, WHITE)
screen.blit(score_text, (10, 10))
# 游戏结束提示
if game_over:
over_text = font.render("游戏结束！按 R 重玩，Q 退出", True, WHITE)
screen.blit(over_text, (WIDTH // 2 - over_text.get_width() // 2, HEIGHT // 2))
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(10) # 控制速度（可调）
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()在有python环境的情况下运行他：python snake_game.py
操作说明：方向键 ←↑↓→ 控制蛇移动吃到红色食物，蛇变长，分数 +10.撞到自己 → 游戏结束按 R 重玩，按 Q 退出
第三步：打包成 .exe
pyinstaller --onefile --windowed --name "SnakeGame" snake_game.py生成的 dist/SnakeGame.exe 双击即可运行，无需 Python！
示例效果：
循序渐进的项目开发能有效激发学习兴趣。如果从枯燥的代码开始学习，难免会失去动力。但通过实践项目开发，将带来意想不到的学习效果。