【RK3588 Android12】开发效率提升技巧

1. 概述

RK3588 Android12开发涉及大量编译、调试、测试工作，掌握效率提升技巧能显著缩短开发周期。本文介绍编译加速、代码编辑、调试工具、自动化脚本等实用技巧。

1.1 效率提升方向

• 编译加速（ccache、增量编译）
• 代码编辑（VSCode配置、代码跳转）
• 快速调试（日志分析、远程调试）
• 自动化脚本（一键编译、批量测试）
• 工具集成（Git、Repo、Gerrit）

---

2. 编译加速

2.1 ccache配置

ccache可以缓存编译结果，大幅加速重复编译。

安装ccache

# Ubuntu安装
sudo apt install ccache

# 验证安装
ccache --version

配置ccache

# 设置缓存大小（建议50G以上）
ccache -M 100G

# 查看配置
ccache -p

# 查看统计
ccache -s

# 清空缓存
ccache -C

集成到编译系统

# 方法1：环境变量
export USE_CCACHE=1
export CCACHE_DIR=/home/$USER/.ccache
export CCACHE_MAXSIZE=100G

# 添加到 ~/.bashrc
echo 'export USE_CCACHE=1' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export CCACHE_DIR=/home/$USER/.ccache' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export CCACHE_MAXSIZE=100G' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

# 方法2：prebuilts配置
# Android编译系统会自动使用ccache

验证ccache生效

# 首次编译
./build.sh -UKAu

# 查看ccache统计
ccache -s
# 应该看到 cache hit 增加

# 第二次编译（应该快很多）
./build.sh -UKAu

2.2 增量编译

# 只编译修改的模块
# 1. 修改kernel代码后
./build.sh -K

# 2. 修改Android代码后
./build.sh -A

# 3. 修改U-Boot后
./build.sh -U

# 4. 只打包固件
./build.sh -u

# 5. 编译单个模块
cd android
source build/envsetup.sh
lunch rk3588_s-userdebug
mmm packages/apps/Settings

2.3 并行编译优化

# 根据CPU核心数设置并行任务数
# 建议：核心数 * 1.5

# 查看CPU核心数
nproc

# 设置编译线程数（16核CPU）
export MAKE_JOBS=24

# 或在build.sh中指定
./build.sh -j24 -UKAu

# Android编译
make -j24

2.4 编译输出优化

# 减少编译日志输出
./build.sh -UKAu 2>&1 | tee build.log

# 只显示错误和警告
./build.sh -UKAu 2>&1 | grep -E "error|warning"

# 编译时间统计
time ./build.sh -UKAu

---

3. VSCode开发环境配置

3.1 安装VSCode

# Ubuntu安装
wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > packages.microsoft.gpg
sudo install -o root -g root -m 644 packages.microsoft.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list'
sudo apt update
sudo apt install code

# 启动VSCode
code

3.2 必装插件

// 推荐插件列表
{
  "recommendations": [
    "ms-vscode.cpptools",           // C/C++支持
    "ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack",
    "ms-python.python",             // Python支持
    "vscjava.vscode-java-pack",     // Java支持
    "redhat.java",
    "vscjava.vscode-maven",
    "ms-vscode.makefile-tools",     // Makefile支持
    "twxs.cmake",                   // CMake支持
    "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker",  // Docker支持
    "eamodio.gitlens",              // Git增强
    "mhutchie.git-graph",           // Git图形化
    "donjayamanne.githistory",      // Git历史
    "streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker",  // 拼写检查
    "shd101wyy.markdown-preview-enhanced",    // Markdown预览
    "yzhang.markdown-all-in-one",   // Markdown工具
    "ms-vscode-remote.remote-ssh",  // SSH远程开发
    "ms-vscode.hexeditor",          // 十六进制编辑器
    "zxh404.vscode-proto3"          // Protobuf支持
  ]
}

3.3 C/C++配置

// .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json
{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "RK3588",
      "includePath": [
        "${workspaceFolder}/**",
        "${workspaceFolder}/kernel-5.10/include",
        "${workspaceFolder}/kernel-5.10/arch/arm64/include",
        "${workspaceFolder}/android/system/core/include",
        "${workspaceFolder}/android/frameworks/native/include",
        "${workspaceFolder}/android/hardware/libhardware/include"
      ],
      "defines": [
        "__KERNEL__",
        "CONFIG_ARM64",
        "ANDROID"
      ],
      "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
      "cStandard": "c11",
      "cppStandard": "c++17",
      "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-arm64"
    }
  ],
  "version": 4
}

3.4 代码跳转配置

# 生成ctags索引
sudo apt install universal-ctags
cd ~/rk3588_sdk
ctags -R --c++-kinds=+p --fields=+iaS --extra=+q .

# 或使用cscope
sudo apt install cscope
cd kernel-5.10
make cscope

3.5 任务配置

// .vscode/tasks.json
{
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "label": "Build Kernel",
      "type": "shell",
      "command": "./build.sh -K",
      "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
      },
      "problemMatcher": []
    },
    {
      "label": "Build Android",
      "type": "shell",
      "command": "./build.sh -A",
      "group": "build",
      "problemMatcher": []
    },
    {
      "label": "Build All",
      "type": "shell",
      "command": "./build.sh -UKAu",
      "group": "build",
      "problemMatcher": []
    }
  ]
}

---

4. 快捷编译脚本

4.1 模块编译脚本

#!/bin/bash
# quick_build.sh

function show_usage() {
    echo "Usage: $0 [option]"
    echo "Options:"
    echo "  -k    Build kernel only"
    echo "  -a    Build Android only"
    echo "  -u    Build U-Boot only"
    echo "  -m    Build specific module"
    echo "  -f    Build and flash"
    echo "  -h    Show this help"
}

function build_kernel() {
    echo "=== Building Kernel ==="
    cd ~/rk3588_sdk
    ./build.sh -K
}

function build_android() {
    echo "=== Building Android ==="
    cd ~/rk3588_sdk
    ./build.sh -A
}

function build_module() {
    echo "=== Building Module: $1 ==="
    cd ~/rk3588_sdk/android
    source build/envsetup.sh
    lunch rk3588_s-userdebug
    mmm $1
}

function build_and_flash() {
    echo "=== Building and Flashing ==="
    cd ~/rk3588_sdk
    ./build.sh -UKAu
    
    # 等待设备进入loader模式
    echo "Please put device into loader mode..."
    read -p "Press Enter when ready..."
    
    # 烧录
    sudo upgrade_tool uf rockdev/update.img
}

case "$1" in
    -k) build_kernel ;;
    -a) build_android ;;
    -u) ./build.sh -U ;;
    -m) build_module $2 ;;
    -f) build_and_flash ;;
    -h) show_usage ;;
    *) show_usage ;;
esac

4.2 增量编译脚本

#!/bin/bash
# incremental_build.sh

# 检测修改的文件
MODIFIED_FILES=$(git status --short | awk '{print $2}')

if [ -z "$MODIFIED_FILES" ]; then
    echo "No modified files"
    exit 0
fi

echo "Modified files:"
echo "$MODIFIED_FILES"

# 判断修改类型
KERNEL_MODIFIED=0
ANDROID_MODIFIED=0
UBOOT_MODIFIED=0

for file in $MODIFIED_FILES; do
    if [[ $file == kernel* ]]; then
        KERNEL_MODIFIED=1
    elif [[ $file == android/* ]]; then
        ANDROID_MODIFIED=1
    elif [[ $file == u-boot/* ]]; then
        UBOOT_MODIFIED=1
    fi
done

# 增量编译
if [ $KERNEL_MODIFIED -eq 1 ]; then
    echo "=== Building Kernel ==="
    ./build.sh -K
fi

if [ $ANDROID_MODIFIED -eq 1 ]; then
    echo "=== Building Android ==="
    ./build.sh -A
fi

if [ $UBOOT_MODIFIED -eq 1 ]; then
    echo "=== Building U-Boot ==="
    ./build.sh -U
fi

# 打包
echo "=== Packing Image ==="
./build.sh -u

4.3 自动测试脚本

#!/bin/bash
# auto_test.sh

DEVICE_IP="192.168.1.100"

function wait_device() {
    echo "Waiting for device..."
    adb wait-for-device
    sleep 5
}

function test_gpio() {
    echo "=== Testing GPIO ==="
    adb shell "echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio100/value"
    sleep 1
    adb shell "cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio100/value"
}

function test_uart() {
    echo "=== Testing UART ==="
    adb shell "echo 'test' > /dev/ttyS4"
}

function test_i2c() {
    echo "=== Testing I2C ==="
    adb shell "i2cdetect -y 0"
}

function collect_logs() {
    echo "=== Collecting Logs ==="
    mkdir -p logs/$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
    adb logcat -d > logs/$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)/logcat.txt
    adb shell dmesg > logs/$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)/dmesg.txt
}

# 执行测试
wait_device
test_gpio
test_uart
test_i2c
collect_logs

echo "=== Test Complete ==="

---

5. 日志分析工具

5.1 logcat过滤脚本

#!/bin/bash
# logcat_filter.sh

# 彩色输出
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
NC='\033[0m'

adb logcat | while read line; do
    if echo "$line" | grep -q "E/"; then
        echo -e "${RED}$line${NC}"
    elif echo "$line" | grep -q "W/"; then
        echo -e "${YELLOW}$line${NC}"
    elif echo "$line" | grep -q "I/"; then
        echo -e "${GREEN}$line${NC}"
    else
        echo "$line"
    fi
done

5.2 dmesg分析脚本

#!/bin/bash
# dmesg_analyze.sh

echo "=== Kernel Errors ==="
adb shell dmesg | grep -i "error"

echo ""
echo "=== Kernel Warnings ==="
adb shell dmesg | grep -i "warning"

echo ""
echo "=== Kernel Panics ==="
adb shell dmesg | grep -i "panic"

echo ""
echo "=== Driver Probe ==="
adb shell dmesg | grep "probe"

echo ""
echo "=== I2C Errors ==="
adb shell dmesg | grep "i2c"

5.3 性能分析

#!/bin/bash
# performance_check.sh

echo "=== CPU Usage ==="
adb shell top -n 1 | head -20

echo ""
echo "=== Memory Usage ==="
adb shell cat /proc/meminfo | grep -E "MemTotal|MemFree|MemAvailable"

echo ""
echo "=== Disk Usage ==="
adb shell df -h

echo ""
echo "=== Process List ==="
adb shell ps -A | grep -v "\[" | head -20

---

6. Git工作流优化

6.1 Git别名配置

# ~/.gitconfig
[alias]
    st = status
    co = checkout
    br = branch
    ci = commit
    df = diff
    lg = log --graph --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit
    last = log -1 HEAD
    unstage = reset HEAD --
    amend = commit --amend
    undo = reset --soft HEAD^

6.2 Repo快捷命令

# ~/.bashrc
alias repo-sync='repo sync -c -j8 --no-tags'
alias repo-status='repo status'
alias repo-diff='repo diff'
alias repo-forall='repo forall -c'

6.3 代码提交模板

# ~/.gitmessage
# <type>: <subject>
#
# <body>
#
# <footer>
#
# Type:
#   feat:     新功能
#   fix:      修复bug
#   docs:     文档修改
#   style:    代码格式
#   refactor: 重构
#   test:     测试
#   chore:    构建/工具
#
# Example:
#   feat: 添加GPIO驱动
#   
#   - 实现GPIO控制接口
#   - 添加设备树配置
#   
#   Issue: #123

# 配置模板
git config --global commit.template ~/.gitmessage

---

7. 远程开发配置

7.1 SSH免密登录

# 生成密钥
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096

# 复制公钥到服务器
ssh-copy-id user@192.168.1.100

# 配置SSH
# ~/.ssh/config
Host rk3588
    HostName 192.168.1.100
    User root
    Port 22
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa

# 使用别名连接
ssh rk3588

7.2 VSCode远程开发

// 安装Remote-SSH插件后
// .vscode/settings.json
{
  "remote.SSH.remotePlatform": {
    "rk3588": "linux"
  },
  "remote.SSH.configFile": "~/.ssh/config"
}

7.3 文件同步

# 使用rsync同步
rsync -avz --progress ~/rk3588_sdk/ user@192.168.1.100:/home/user/rk3588_sdk/

# 排除不需要的文件
rsync -avz --progress \
    --exclude='.git' \
    --exclude='out' \
    --exclude='*.o' \
    ~/rk3588_sdk/ user@192.168.1.100:/home/user/rk3588_sdk/

# 自动同步脚本
#!/bin/bash
# auto_sync.sh
inotifywait -m -r -e modify,create,delete ~/rk3588_sdk/ | while read path action file; do
    rsync -avz ~/rk3588_sdk/ user@192.168.1.100:/home/user/rk3588_sdk/
done

---

8. 调试工具集成

8.1 GDB调试配置

// .vscode/launch.json
{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "GDB Remote Debug",
      "type": "cppdbg",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}/android/out/target/product/rk3588_s/system/bin/app_process64",
      "miDebuggerServerAddress": "192.168.1.100:5039",
      "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb-multiarch",
      "setupCommands": [
        {
          "text": "set sysroot ${workspaceFolder}/android/out/target/product/rk3588_s/system"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

8.2 串口调试工具

# 安装minicom
sudo apt install minicom

# 配置串口
sudo minicom -s
# 设置：115200 8N1, 无流控

# 或使用screen
sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200

# Python串口工具
pip3 install pyserial
python3 -m serial.tools.miniterm /dev/ttyUSB0 115200

---

9. 常见问题

9.1 编译速度慢

解决方法：

# 1. 启用ccache
export USE_CCACHE=1
ccache -M 100G

# 2. 增加并行任务
export MAKE_JOBS=24

# 3. 使用SSD存储源码

# 4. 增加内存（建议32GB+）

# 5. 关闭不必要的服务
sudo systemctl stop docker
sudo systemctl stop mysql

9.2 VSCode卡顿

解决方法：

// settings.json
{
  "files.watcherExclude": {
    "**/out/**": true,
    "**/.git/**": true,
    "**/node_modules/**": true
  },
  "search.exclude": {
    "**/out": true,
    "**/build": true
  },
  "C_Cpp.intelliSenseEngine": "Tag Parser"
}

9.3 磁盘空间不足

解决方法：

# 清理编译输出
cd ~/rk3588_sdk
rm -rf android/out
rm -rf kernel-5.10/out

# 清理ccache
ccache -C

# 清理Git仓库
repo forall -c 'git clean -fdx'
repo forall -c 'git gc --aggressive'

---

10. 总结

提升开发效率的关键：

1. 编译加速：ccache + 并行编译 + 增量编译
2. 工具配置：VSCode + 插件 + 代码跳转
3. 自动化脚本：快捷编译 + 自动测试 + 日志分析
4. 远程开发：SSH + 文件同步 + 远程调试
5. Git工作流：别名 + 模板 + Repo优化

合理使用这些技巧，可以将开发效率提升50%以上。

---

参考资料

1. ccache官方文档
2. VSCode C/C++配置
3. Android编译优化