记一次MySQL数据库备份与SQL格式内容导出导入
MySQL数据导出
使用数据库管理工具（如MySQL Workbench和某cat）导出效果虽然好，但太慢了，这时候，我们可以使用服务器里的mysqldump命令行工具导出数据，速度非常快。
导出命令如下：
bash
mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 > 导出文件名.sql在云服务器中使用示例如下：
bash
[root@VM-16-8-opencloudos home]# /home/webapp/mysql/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqldump -u root -p oxxx > oxxx_backup.sql
Enter password: ********
[root@VM-16-8-opencloudos home]#执行该语句，会在服务器本地生成对应的.sql文件，包含了数据库的结构和数据条目，其执行效率要比管理工具运行效率高不少。
MySQL的.sql文件导入
导出就是为了导入，更好地导出是为了更好地导入。
导入命令如下：
bash
mysql -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 < 导入文件名.sql或使用MySQL的source命令，参考如下示例：
bash
[root@VM-16-7-opencloudos db_bak]# /home/webapp/mysql/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql -uroot -p
/home/webapp/mysql/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directorysource命令的使用需要先连上mysql服务，然而......
错误就此出现：
error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
缺啥补啥呗，这是后我们可以通过安装ncurses-compat-libs解决该脸上数据库的问题，对于我要处理的服务器，命令是：
bash
# dnf install ncurses-compat-libs于是：
bash
[root@VM-16-7-opencloudos db_bak]# dnf install ncurses-compat-libs
BaseOS 9 - x86_64 6.7 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:00
BaseOS 9 - x86_64 566 kB/s | 1.4 MB 00:02
AppStream 9 - x86_64 6.8 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:00
AppStream 9 - x86_64 3.5 MB/s | 15 MB 00:04
extras 9 - x86_64 5.3 kB/s | 3.0 kB 00:00
extras 9 - x86_64 947 B/s | 1.1 kB 00:01
Extra Packages for OpenCloudOS 9 - EPOL 3.9 kB/s | 3.0 kB 00:00
Extra Packages for OpenCloudOS 9 - EPOL 4.6 MB/s | 19 MB 00:04
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================================================
Installing:
ncurses-compat-libs x86_64 6.4-5.oc9 AppStream 316 k
Upgrading:
ncurses x86_64 6.4-5.oc9 BaseOS 216 k
ncurses-base noarch 6.4-5.oc9 BaseOS 60 k
ncurses-devel x86_64 6.4-5.oc9 AppStream 530 k
ncurses-libs x86_64 6.4-5.oc9 BaseOS 345 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Upgrade 4 Packages
Total download size: 1.4 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): ncurses-base-6.4-5.oc9.noarch.rpm 57 kB/s | 60 kB 00:01
(2/5): ncurses-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64.rpm 142 kB/s | 216 kB 00:01
(3/5): ncurses-compat-libs-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64.rpm 207 kB/s | 316 kB 00:01
(4/5): ncurses-libs-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64.rpm 399 kB/s | 345 kB 00:00
(5/5): ncurses-devel-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64.rpm 762 kB/s | 530 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 661 kB/s | 1.4 MB 00:02
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Upgrading : ncurses-base-6.4-5.oc9.noarch 1/9
Upgrading : ncurses-libs-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64 2/9
Running scriptlet: ncurses-libs-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64 2/9
Upgrading : ncurses-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64 3/9
Upgrading : ncurses-devel-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64 4/9
Installing : ncurses-compat-libs-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64 5/9
Running scriptlet: ncurses-compat-libs-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64 5/9
Cleanup : ncurses-devel-6.4-3.oc9.x86_64 6/9
Cleanup : ncurses-6.4-3.oc9.x86_64 7/9
Cleanup : ncurses-libs-6.4-3.oc9.x86_64 8/9
Running scriptlet: ncurses-libs-6.4-3.oc9.x86_64 8/9
Cleanup : ncurses-base-6.4-3.oc9.noarch 9/9
Running scriptlet: ncurses-base-6.4-3.oc9.noarch 9/9
Verifying : ncurses-compat-libs-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64 1/9
Verifying : ncurses-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64 2/9
Verifying : ncurses-6.4-3.oc9.x86_64 3/9
Verifying : ncurses-base-6.4-5.oc9.noarch 4/9
Verifying : ncurses-base-6.4-3.oc9.noarch 5/9
Verifying : ncurses-libs-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64 6/9
Verifying : ncurses-libs-6.4-3.oc9.x86_64 7/9
Verifying : ncurses-devel-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64 8/9
Verifying : ncurses-devel-6.4-3.oc9.x86_64 9/9
Upgraded:
ncurses-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64 ncurses-base-6.4-5.oc9.noarch ncurses-devel-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64
ncurses-libs-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64
Installed:
ncurses-compat-libs-6.4-5.oc9.x86_64
Complete!进入数据库服务的问题解决了：
bash
[root@VM-16-7-opencloudos db_bak]# /home/webapp/mysql/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 116260
Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.不忘查看了下有些什么数据库：
bash
mysql> show databases;
然而也没啥好看的。
执行source命令：
bash
mysql> use oxxx;
Database changed
mysql> source /home/db_bak/oxxx_backup_20260123.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)数据库导入成功。
总结
有效使用服务器上MySQL的命令，可以提升我们数据处理的效率。用管理工具做这种操作，虽然运行起来方便，但数据有一定量的时候，效率会比较低，这是值得注意的。