
原子光谱与原子结构, G.赫兹堡, p47
锂原子的能级图,具体标注得到


设基态按照1+1+1|0+0+0|1+1+1的样式分布,原子核与左右的两个电子固定构成原子实,中间的电子绕平衡位置运动,形成电子云

且动能量子化为-0.5/n^2
则能量为

进一步假设得到

得到表格
|-----|----------|-----------|----------|----------|---------|---------|
| | Hartree | ev | ev | Hartree | Hartree | Hartree |
| n | E | -E*27.2 | -E+34.85 | 1/r | 1/r12 | v |
| 2 | -6.12882 | 166.77369 | 201.624 | -6.375 | 0.37118 | -0.125 |
| 3 | -6.0559 | 164.78943 | 199.639 | -6.16667 | 0.16633 | -0.0556 |
| 4 | -6.03131 | 164.12041 | 198.97 | -6.09375 | 0.09369 | -0.0313 |
| 5 | -6.02002 | 163.81306 | 198.663 | -6.06 | 0.05998 | -0.02 |
| 6 | -6.01389 | 163.64648 | 198.496 | -6.04167 | 0.04166 | -0.0139 |
| 7 | -6.01021 | 163.54613 | 198.396 | -6.03061 | 0.03061 | -0.0102 |
| 8 | -6.00781 | 163.48102 | 198.331 | -6.02344 | 0.02344 | -0.0078 |
| 9 | -6.00617 | 163.43638 | 198.286 | -6.01852 | 0.01852 | -0.0062 |
| 10 | -6.005 | 163.40446 | 198.254 | -6.015 | 0.015 | -0.005 |
| 11 | -6.00413 | 163.38085 | 198.231 | -6.0124 | 0.0124 | -0.0041 |
| 12 | -6.00347 | 163.36289 | 198.213 | -6.01042 | 0.01042 | -0.0035 |
| 13 | -6.00296 | 163.34891 | 198.199 | -6.00888 | 0.00888 | -0.003 |
| 14 | -6.00255 | 163.33782 | 198.188 | -6.00765 | 0.00765 | -0.0026 |
| 15 | -6.00222 | 163.32887 | 198.179 | -6.00667 | 0.00667 | -0.0022 |
| 20 | -6.00125 | 163.30241 | 198.152 | -6.00375 | 0.00375 | -0.0013 |
| 30 | -6.00056 | 163.28352 | 198.134 | -6.00167 | 0.00167 | -0.0006 |
| 40 | -6.00031 | 163.2769 | 198.127 | -6.00094 | 0.00094 | -0.0003 |
| 50 | -6.0002 | 163.27384 | 198.124 | -6.0006 | 0.0006 | -0.0002 |
| 60 | -6.00014 | 163.27218 | 198.122 | -6.00042 | 0.00042 | -0.0001 |
| 70 | -6.0001 | 163.27118 | 198.121 | -6.00031 | 0.00031 | -0.0001 |
| 80 | -6.00008 | 163.27053 | 198.121 | -6.00023 | 0.00023 | -8E-05 |
| 90 | -6.00006 | 163.27008 | 198.12 | -6.00019 | 0.00019 | -6E-05 |
| 100 | -6.00005 | 163.26976 | 198.12 | -6.00015 | 0.00015 | -5E-05 |
比较计算值和p轨道的实测值
|---|-----------|--------|
| | ev | |
| n | -E+34.85 | 实测 |
| 2 | 201.62369 | 201.39 |
| 3 | 199.63943 | 199.59 |
| 4 | 198.97041 | 198.91 |
| 5 | 198.66306 | 198.59 |
| 6 | 198.49648 | 198.42 |
两组数值很接近,
计算第一电离能为203.43-198.11976=5.31ev,实测为5.39ev。
Python 代码
n=2
f2=-3-3-3/( 2*n*n ) +2/(((2*n*n)*(2*n*n)+2)**0.5) +1/(2*n*n)-0.5/(n*n)-34.85/27.2114
print ( f2*27.2114 )
#-201.62369140472995