stm20260719-STM32F103RCT6_HAL库_三人抢答器

1.设计说明

①本设计3个玩家参与抢答，利用GPIO下降沿中断响应抢答；

②有人抢答时，锁定抢答成功者，利用串口输出成功抢答者并亮灯；

③抢答成功者长按按键2秒，进入下一轮抢答。

2.硬件资源

MCU型号：STM32F103RCT6

①按键输入：硬件已经加了电容消抖，按键接了上拉，电平有效。

Player 1按键： PB3

Player 2按键： PB4

Player 3按键： PB5

②指示灯输出：上拉，低电平有效。端口：PC6

③UATR端口：UART4(PC10&&PC11)

3.STM32CubeMXz配置

3.1管脚总览

PB6-PB9为其他输出，此抢答器用不到，忽略。

3.2 SYS Debug设置

3.3系统时钟RCC

3.4系统72M时钟树设置

3.5 按键GPIO(PB3/PB4/PB5)设置

PB3/PB4/PB5设置一样，PB6-PB9为其他输出，此抢答器用不到，忽略。

开启按键中断NVIC

3.6指示灯GPIO(PC6)设置

3.7项目设置

代码输出设置

3.8生产代码并打开Keil项目工程

4.mai.c代码

（只需要写main.c文件），总共需要改6个位置的代码。

4.1 包含头文件

c 复制代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

#include "string.h"  //strlen函数使用

/* USER CODE END Includes *

4.2全局变量定义

c 复制代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

// 定义获胜者变量：0表示无人抢答，1/2/3代表对应玩家
volatile uint8_t winner_id = 0; 

// 定义发送缓冲区和消息字符串
uint8_t tx_buffer[50]; 
char msg_p1[] = "Player 1 (PB3) Wins!\r\n";
char msg_p2[] = "Player 2 (PB4) Wins!\r\n";
char msg_p3[] = "Player 3 (PB5) Wins!\r\n";
char msg_reset[] = "Please ready!\r\n"; // 重置提示消息
#define LONG_PRESS_MS 2000   // 长按2秒重置
uint32_t press_start_tick = 0;   // 按键按下时刻计时
uint8_t check_long_press = 0;    // 长按检测标志


/* USER CODE END PV */

4.3上电初始提示

c 复制代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

// 上电初始提示
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4, (uint8_t*)msg_reset, strlen(msg_reset), HAL_MAX_DELAY);

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

4.4抢答成功逻辑处理

长按计时原理：

主循环反复调用 HAL_GPIO_ReadPin() 读取真实引脚电平，确认按键是否保持按下状态，累计按住时长；
持续按住满 2 秒 → 重置抢答状态 + 串口输出 Please ready；
中途松开按键 → 计时清零，不会触发重置；
仅读取当前获胜者对应按键引脚，其他按键不参与长按判断，防误触发。

c 复制代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
	  

    // 抢答锁定后，轮询检测赢家按键持续按下时长
    if(winner_id != 0)
    {
        GPIO_PinState key_state = GPIO_PIN_SET;
    
        // 匹配赢家对应的GPIO引脚
        if(winner_id == 1)
        {
            key_state = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_3);
        }
        else if(winner_id == 2)
        {
            key_state = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_4);
        }
        else if(winner_id == 3)
        {
            key_state = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_5);
        }
    
        // 按键处于持续按下状态（低电平）
        if(key_state == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
        {
            // 首次按下：记录起始时间
            if(press_start_tick == 0)
            {
                press_start_tick = HAL_GetTick();
            }
            // 判断长按满 2 秒
            if( (HAL_GetTick() - press_start_tick) >= LONG_PRESS_MS )
            {
                winner_id = 0;
                press_start_tick = 0;
                HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_6, GPIO_PIN_SET);
                HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4, (uint8_t*)msg_reset, strlen(msg_reset), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // 按键松开：重置计时
            press_start_tick = 0;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        press_start_tick = 0;
    }

  }

  


  /* USER CODE END 3

4.6抢答中断回调处理

外部中断作用：只捕捉按键第一次按下瞬间，完成抢答锁定，后续按住不放不会反复进中断。

c 复制代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */



void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
    // 只有无人抢答时，才处理抢答按键
    if (winner_id == 0)
    {
        if (GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_3) // 玩家1抢答
        {
            winner_id = 1;
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_6, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4, (uint8_t*)msg_p1, strlen(msg_p1), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
        }
        else if (GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_4) // 玩家2抢答
        {
            winner_id = 2;
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_6, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4, (uint8_t*)msg_p2, strlen(msg_p2), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
        }
        else if (GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_5) // 玩家3抢答
        {
            winner_id = 3;
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_6, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4, (uint8_t*)msg_p3, strlen(msg_p3), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
        }
    }
    // 抢答锁定后，外部中断不再做任何处理，长按判断交给主循环轮询GPIO电平
}



/* USER CODE END 4 */

5.mai.c完整代码（可直接整体替换）

c 复制代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2026 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
  
  /*三人按键抢答器，抢答成功，输出成功者，并亮灯；
   成功者按键按下2秒，复位抢答器，继续下一轮抢答，并熄灯*/
  
  
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

#include "string.h"  //strlen函数使用

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

// 定义获胜者变量：0表示无人抢答，1/2/3代表对应玩家
volatile uint8_t winner_id = 0; 

// 定义发送缓冲区和消息字符串
uint8_t tx_buffer[50]; 
char msg_p1[] = "Player 1 (PB3) Wins!\r\n";
char msg_p2[] = "Player 2 (PB4) Wins!\r\n";
char msg_p3[] = "Player 3 (PB5) Wins!\r\n";
char msg_reset[] = "Please ready!\r\n"; // 重置提示消息
#define LONG_PRESS_MS 2000   // 长按2秒重置
uint32_t press_start_tick = 0;   // 按键按下时刻计时
uint8_t check_long_press = 0;    // 长按检测标志


/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_UART4_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
  

// 上电初始提示
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4, (uint8_t*)msg_reset, strlen(msg_reset), HAL_MAX_DELAY);



  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
	  

    // 抢答锁定后，轮询检测赢家按键持续按下时长
    if(winner_id != 0)
    {
        GPIO_PinState key_state = GPIO_PIN_SET;

        // 匹配赢家对应的GPIO引脚
        if(winner_id == 1)
        {
            key_state = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_3);
        }
        else if(winner_id == 2)
        {
            key_state = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_4);
        }
        else if(winner_id == 3)
        {
            key_state = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_5);
        }

        // 按键处于持续按下状态（低电平）
        if(key_state == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
        {
            // 首次按下：记录起始时间
            if(press_start_tick == 0)
            {
                press_start_tick = HAL_GetTick();
            }
            // 判断长按满 2 秒
            if( (HAL_GetTick() - press_start_tick) >= LONG_PRESS_MS )
            {
                winner_id = 0;
                press_start_tick = 0;
                HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_6, GPIO_PIN_SET);
                HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4, (uint8_t*)msg_reset, strlen(msg_reset), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // 按键松开：重置计时
            press_start_tick = 0;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        press_start_tick = 0;
    }
  }

  

	  
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */



void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
    // 只有无人抢答时，才处理抢答按键
    if (winner_id == 0)
    {
        if (GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_3) // 玩家1抢答
        {
            winner_id = 1;
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_6, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4, (uint8_t*)msg_p1, strlen(msg_p1), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
        }
        else if (GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_4) // 玩家2抢答
        {
            winner_id = 2;
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_6, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4, (uint8_t*)msg_p2, strlen(msg_p2), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
        }
        else if (GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_5) // 玩家3抢答
        {
            winner_id = 3;
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_6, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart4, (uint8_t*)msg_p3, strlen(msg_p3), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
        }
    }
    // 抢答锁定后，外部中断不再做任何处理，长按判断交给主循环轮询GPIO电平
}



/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

stm20260719-STM32F103RCT6_HAL库_三人抢答器

stm20260719-STM32F103RCT6_HAL库_三人抢答器

1.设计说明

2.硬件资源

3.STM32CubeMXz配置

3.1管脚总览

3.2 SYS Debug设置

3.3系统时钟RCC

3.4系统72M时钟树设置

3.5 按键GPIO(PB3/PB4/PB5)设置

3.6指示灯GPIO(PC6)设置

3.7项目设置

3.8生产代码并打开Keil项目工程

4.mai.c代码

（只需要写main.c文件），总共需要改6个位置的代码。

4.1 包含头文件

4.2全局变量定义

4.3上电初始提示

4.4抢答成功逻辑处理

4.6抢答中断回调处理

5.mai.c完整代码（可直接整体替换）

6串口调试结果