1254. Number of Closed Islands
Given a 2D grid consists of 0s (land) and 1s (water). An island is a maximal 4-directionally connected group of 0s and a closed island is an island totally (all left, top, right, bottom) surrounded by 1s.
Return the number of closed islands.
Example 1:

Input: grid = \[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0]
Output: 2
Explanation:
Islands in gray are closed because they are completely surrounded by water (group of 1s).
Example 2:

Input: grid = \[0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0]
Output: 1
Example 3:
Input: grid = \[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,1,1,1,0,1,
1,0,1,0,1,0,1,
1,0,1,1,1,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1\]
Output: 2
Constraints:
- 1 <= grid.length, grid0.length <= 100
- 0 <= gridij <=1
From: LeetCode
Link: 1254. Number of Closed Islands
Solution:
Ideas:
first flood-fill all land touching the border, because it cannot be closed. Then count the remaining land groups.
Code:
c
void dfs(int** grid, int r, int c, int m, int n) {
if (r < 0 || r >= m || c < 0 || c >= n || grid[r][c] == 1)
return;
grid[r][c] = 1; // mark visited
dfs(grid, r + 1, c, m, n);
dfs(grid, r - 1, c, m, n);
dfs(grid, r, c + 1, m, n);
dfs(grid, r, c - 1, m, n);
}
int closedIsland(int** grid, int gridSize, int* gridColSize) {
int m = gridSize;
int n = gridColSize[0];
int count = 0;
// remove all land connected to border
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
if (grid[i][0] == 0)
dfs(grid, i, 0, m, n);
if (grid[i][n - 1] == 0)
dfs(grid, i, n - 1, m, n);
}
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if (grid[0][j] == 0)
dfs(grid, 0, j, m, n);
if (grid[m - 1][j] == 0)
dfs(grid, m - 1, j, m, n);
}
// remaining land must be closed islands
for (int i = 1; i < m - 1; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j < n - 1; j++) {
if (grid[i][j] == 0) {
count++;
dfs(grid, i, j, m, n);
}
}
}
return count;
}