运维：Centos7安装解压版mysql5.7

IT技术分享社区2023-07-19 20:00

目录

1、卸载Centos7默认自带的mariadb数据库，避免冲突

2、下载解压版mysql并安装

3、配置mysql

4、mysql客户端访问

MySQL 是一种开源的关系型数据库管理系统（RDBMS），它具有许多优点和一些缺点。以下是 MySQL 的主要优缺点：

优点

  1. 开源免费：MySQL 是开源软件，可以免费使用，并且有大量的社区支持和开发者贡献。

  2. 跨平台：MySQL 可以在多个操作系统上运行，包括 Windows、Linux、Mac 等。

  3. 可扩展性：MySQL 支持水平和垂直扩展，可以通过添加更多的服务器节点或增加硬件资源来处理更大规模的数据和负载。

  4. 高性能：MySQL 通过优化查询语句、索引和缓存机制等，提供了较高的性能和响应速度。

  5. 大量的工具和库支持：MySQL 有丰富的工具和库，支持数据备份、监控、调优等各种操作和功能。

  6. 标准化和兼容性：MySQL 遵循 SQL 标准，并与其他数据库系统兼容，可以方便地迁移和集成。

缺点

  1. 存储引擎限制：MySQL 支持多种存储引擎，但每种引擎都有自己的特点和限制，需要根据具体需求选择合适的存储引擎。

  2. 复杂的配置和管理：MySQL 的配置相对复杂，需要一定的专业知识和经验来进行优化和管理。

  3. ACID 支持限制：MySQL 的默认存储引擎 InnoDB 支持 ACID（原子性、一致性、隔离性、持久性）特性，但其他存储引擎可能不完全支持。

  4. 大规模数据处理限制：在处理大规模数据时，MySQL 的性能可能受到限制，需要进行合理的分区和优化。

下面给大家介绍Centos7安装mysql5.7解压版完整教程避免踩坑，可以把数据目录和系统目录分开设置。

1、卸载Centos7默认自带的mariadb数据库，避免冲突

#先查询是否安装，找到已安装的对应mariadb，
yum list installed |grep mariadb
#列表展示的是mariadb-libs.x86_64 ，执行如下命令进行安装
yum remove mariadb-libs.x86_64

2、下载解压版mysql并安装

下载mysql5.7解压版，我下载的版本mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

#创建MySQL上传目录
mkdir /opt/tools
#然后登录Linux服务器，将下载好的安装包上传到服务器的/opt/tools目录。执行解压命令
cd /opt/tools
tar -zxf /data/tools/mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
#解压后的目录改名
mv mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
#移动mysql到 /usr/local/mysql
mv mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
#创建用户组和用户 mysql
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
#目录授权
chgrp -R mysql .
chown -R mysql .
#创建MySQL存储数据的目录
mkdir /data/mysql/data
mkdir /data/mysql/share
进入bin目录执行初始化
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/data/ --lc_messages_dir=/data/mysql/share --lc_messages=en_US

注意：执行完成后输出的内容最后一行是数据库root的密码，一定要先保存下来

进入support-files,修改mysql.server

cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files

#!/bin/sh
# Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB
# This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind

# MySQL daemon start/stop script.

# Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based
# systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.
# When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is
# started and shut down when the systems goes down.

# Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux
# chkconfig: 2345 64 36
# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.

# Comments to support LSB init script conventions
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: mysql
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Default-Start:  2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start and stop MySQL
# Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
### END INIT INFO
 
# If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you
# have to do one of the following things for this script to work:
#
# - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory
# - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:
#   [mysqld]
#   basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory></path-to-mysql-installation-directory>
# - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)
#   and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
# - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable
#   below.
#
# If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.

# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.

basedir=
datadir=/data/mysql/data

# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
# for server start. 
# Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. 
# 0 means don't wait at all
# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
service_startup_timeout=900

# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"

# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.

# Set some defaults
mysqld_pid_file_path=
if test -z "$basedir"
then
  basedir=/usr/local/mysql
  bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir=/data/mysql/data
  fi
  sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
  libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
else
  bindir="$basedir/bin"
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir="/data/mysql/data"
  fi
  sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
  libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi

# datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be
# *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.)
datadir_set=

#
# Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible
#
lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"
if test -f $lsb_functions ; then
  . $lsb_functions
else
  log_success_msg()
  {
    echo " SUCCESS! $@"
  }
  log_failure_msg()
  {
    echo " ERROR! $@"
  }
fi

PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"
export PATH

mode=$1    # start or stop

[ $# -ge 1 ] && shift


other_args="$*"   # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action
           # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables"
           # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility
           # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.

case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in
    *c*,-n*) echo_n=   echo_c=     ;;
    *c*,*)   echo_n=-n echo_c=     ;;
    *)       echo_n=   echo_c='\c' ;;
esac

parse_server_arguments() {
  for arg do
    case "$arg" in
      --basedir=*)  basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
                    bindir="$basedir/bin"
    if test -z "$datadir_set"; then
      datadir="$basedir/data"
    fi
    sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
    libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
        ;;
      --datadir=*)  datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
    datadir_set=1
;;
      --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
      --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
    esac
  done
}

wait_for_pid () {
  verb="$1"           # created | removed
  pid="$2"            # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file
  pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file.

  i=0
  avoid_race_condition="by checking again"

  while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do

    case "$verb" in
      'created')
        # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.
        test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
        ;;
      'removed')
        # wait for this PID-file to disappear
        test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
        ;;
      *)
        echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"
        exit 1
        ;;
    esac

    # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated
    if test -n "$pid"; then
      if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
        :  # the server still runs
      else
        # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.  
        if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then
          avoid_race_condition=""
          continue  # Check again.
        fi

        # there's nothing that will affect the file.
        log_failure_msg "555555The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."
        return 1  # not waiting any more.
      fi
    fi

    echo $echo_n ".$echo_c"
    i=`expr $i + 1`
    sleep 1

  done

  if test -z "$i" ; then
    log_success_msg
    return 0
  else
    log_failure_msg
    return 1
  fi
}

# Get arguments from the my.cnf file,
# the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]
if test -x "$bindir/my_print_defaults";  then
  print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"
else
  # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf
  conf=/etc/my.cnf
  print_defaults=
  if test -r $conf
  then
    subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$'
    dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf`
    for d in $dirs
    do
      d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ ]//g'`
      if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
      then
        print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
        break
      fi
    done
  fi

  # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it
  test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"
fi

#
# Read defaults file from 'basedir'.   If there is no defaults file there
# check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there
#

extra_args=""
if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"
then
  extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"
fi

parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server`

#
# Set pid file if not given
#
if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
then
  mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid
else
  case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in
    /* ) ;;
    * )  mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;;
  esac
fi

case "$mode" in
  'start')
    # Start daemon

    # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
    cd $basedir
    # 重启sql
    echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"
    if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
    then
      # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
      # may be overwritten at next upgrade.
      $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
      wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?

      # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE
      if test -w "$lockdir"
      then
        touch "$lock_file_path"
      fi

      exit $return_value
    else
      log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)"
    fi
    ;;

  'stop')
    # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the
    # root password.

    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
    then
      # signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop
      touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown"

      mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`

      if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
      then
        echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL"
        kill $mysqld_pid
        # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.
        wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"
        rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      fi

      # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE
      if test -f "$lock_file_path"
      then
        rm -f "$lock_file_path"
      fi
      exit $return_value
    else
      log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!"
    fi
    ;;

  'restart')
    # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
    # running or not, start it again.
    if $0 stop  $other_args; then
      $0 start $other_args
    else
      log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."
      exit 1
    fi
    ;;

  'reload'|'force-reload')
    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
      read mysqld_pid <  "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL"
      touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
    else
      log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!"
      exit 1
    fi
    ;;
  'status')
    # First, check to see if pid file exists
    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then 
      read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then 
        log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)"
        exit 0
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"
        exit 1
      fi
    else
      # Try to find appropriate mysqld process
      mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld`

      # test if multiple pids exist
      pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`
      if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then
        log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"
        exit 5
      elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then 
        if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then 
          log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"
          exit 2
        fi 
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running"
        exit 3
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"
        exit 4
      fi
    fi
    ;;
    *)
      # usage
      basename=`basename "$0"`
      echo "Usage: $basename  {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}  [ MySQL server options ]"
      exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0

注意：修改mysql.server 文件里面数据目录为 /data/mysql/data/ 一定要正确设置

#复制mysql启动文件到服务文件夹
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
#通过服务命令启动mysql
service mysql start
#输出 success 表示启动成功
#设置开机自启
/sbin/chkconfig mysql on
systemctl enable mysql
#查看自启动配置
/sbin/chkconfig --list

小技巧：添加 mysql 软连接，方面在任何目录执行MySQL命令

 ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

说明：如果需要额外配置参数,默认没有/etc/my.cnf 文件内容如下

vim /etc/my.cnf

比如需要新增大小写不敏感配置,其余配置可根据业务需要进行配置

select @@lower_case_table_names;

[mysqld]
lower_case_table_names = 1

然后保存后重启mysql服务

service mysql stop
service mysql start

3、配置mysql

mysql -u root -p
#输入初始化的密码
#修改密码
set password=password("12345678");
#设置任意IP都能通过root用户访问该数据库
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678' WITH GRANT OPTION;
#刷新权限
flush privileges;
#重启mysql
service mysql restart
#设置防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent 
systemctl restart firewalld

4、mysql客户端访问

然后使用本地MySQL客户端访问，确认是否可以正常登录。

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