解决caffe中的python环境安装的问题

由于caffe（GitHub - BVLC/caffe: Caffe: a fast open framework for deep learning.）使用的python版本是2.7，而非python3，所以安装的时候使用命令：sudo apt install python2.7进行安装。

而在安装python的各种包时，也不能用命令"sudo pip install 包名"安装，这样只会为python3安装相应的包。而应该用"sudo python -m pip install 包名"，以安装wheel为例，使用命令"sudo python -m pip install wheel"进行安装。

如果你的linux系统中未安装pip，会报错"/usr/bin/python: No module named pip"，这是因为python2.7对应的pip版本有要求。如何为Python 2.7中安装pip，可以参考这个链接（Python 2.7中安装pip_python2.7安装pip_dongzi321的博客-CSDN博客）

搞定pip的安装后，就可以进入到"/caffe/python"目录下，使用命令"sudo python -m pip install -r requirements.txt"安装一堆依赖包了。安装的过程中会遇到一个错误：提示找不到Python.h文件

复制代码

    configure: creating ./config.status
    config.status: creating _posixsubprocess_config.h
    building '_posixsubprocess32' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2.7-W1mjrO/python2.7-2.7.18=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c _posixsubprocess.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_posixsubprocess.o
    _posixsubprocess.c:16:10: fatal error: Python.h: 没有那个文件或目录
       16 | #include "Python.h"
          |          ^~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
    
    ----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-s937xK/subprocess32/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-PDa3Jr-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-s937xK/subprocess32/
You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 23.2.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

这个问题是由于系统中未安装python2.7的开发包导致的，解决方法是使用命令"sudo apt install python2.7-dev"进行安装即可。

注意：不要按这种提示"You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 23.2.1 is available.

You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command."去升级pip，因为升级后就会与python2.7不匹配了。