devops完整搭建教程（gitlab、jenkins、harbor、docker）

文章目录

devops完整搭建教程（gitlab、jenkins、harbor、docker）

1.简介：

DevOps（Development Operations）是一种软件开发方法论和工作流程，旨在促进软件开发团队和运维团队之间的协作与沟通，以实现更高效的软件交付和运营。

2.工作流程：

持续集成（Continuous Integration，CI）：开发团队将代码频繁地集成到共享存储库中，确保代码的一致性和稳定性。
持续交付（Continuous Delivery，CD）：自动化构建、测试和部署流程，以快速将代码交付到生产环境。
自动化测试（Automated Testing）：使用自动化测试工具和技术，确保软件的质量和稳定性。
自动化部署（Automated Deployment）：自动化部署工具的使用，以快速、准确地部署软件到目标环境。
监控与日志（Monitoring and Logging）：实时监测和记录系统的运行状态和日志，帮助快速发现和解决问题。

3.优缺点

优点：

加快交付速度：通过自动化流程和协作，加快软件的交付速度和发布周期。
提高质量和稳定性：自动化测试和部署流程能够提高软件的质量和稳定性。
促进协作与沟通：DevOps强调开发团队和运维团队之间的协作与沟通，改善工作效率和团队合作。
减少错误和故障：自动化流程和实时监控能够减少人为错误和系统故障的发生。

缺点：

学习成本高：实施和运营DevOps需要一定的学习和实践成本，对团队和组织提出了技术和文化上的要求。
依赖自动化工具：DevOps依赖于各种自动化工具和技术，需要投入一定的资源和成本进行选型、集成和维护。
组织变革需求：DevOps要求开发团队和运维团队之间的协作与沟通，可能需要进行组织结构和文化上的变革。

总体而言，DevOps通过将开发和运维整合在一起，以协作和自动化的方式，提高软件交付效率和质量，同时促进团队协作和沟通。

4.环境说明

主机名	IP地址	充当角色	所需安装的软件	系统版本
gitlab	192.168.195.133	本地代码仓库	gitlab-ce	centos8
jenkins	192.168.195.134	编译代码、打包镜像，项目发布	jenkins、docker、git、maven	centos8
harbor.com	192.168.195.135	本地容器镜像仓库（存储镜像）	harbor、docker-compose、docker	centos8
docker	192.168.195.136	制作镜像、上传镜像，测试环境（项目发布在此主机）	docker	centos8

想要了解gitlab、jenkins、harbor的详细安装步骤，请阅读下列相关内容：
版本控制 gitlab 安装部署流程及其常用管理操作
 tomcat部署jenkins
Harbor私有仓库

5.部署前准备工作

5.1.所有主机永久关闭防火墙和selinux

powershell 复制代码

以gitlab主机演示：
//永久关闭防火墙
[root@gitlab ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
//永久关闭selinux
[root@gitlab ~]# setenforce 0
[root@gitlab ~]# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

5.2.配置yum源

所有主机配置对应系统的yum源

powershell 复制代码

以gitlab主机演示：
[root@gitlab ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
[root@gitlab ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@gitlab ~]# yum clean all
[root@gitlab ~]# yum makecache

5.3.配置主机名与IP地址解析

将所有主机的IP地址及其主机名写入到/etc/hosts文件中

powershell 复制代码

以gitlab主机演示：
[root@gitlab ~]# vim /etc/hosts
[root@gitlab ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.195.133 tomcat 
192.168.195.134 jenkins
192.168.195.135 harbor.com
192.168.195.136 docker

6.部署gitlab主机

6.1.安装gitlab

powershell 复制代码

//安装git
[root@gitlab ~]# yum -y install git

//安装依赖包
[root@gitlab ~]# yum -y install curl openssh-server openssh-clients postfix cronie policycoreutils-python perl
安装步骤略 . . .

//上述安装依赖包成功则不需要进行这一步，上述出现错误可查看排错报告
[root@gitlab ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7################################# [100%]
   
//启动postfix服务并设置开机自启
[root@gitlab ~]# systemctl enable --now postfix.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service.
[root@gitlab ~]# ss -antl      //查看25号端口是否开启
State             Recv-Q            Send-Q                       Local Address:Port                       Peer Address:Port           
LISTEN            0                 128                                0.0.0.0:22                              0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN            0                 100                              127.0.0.1:25                              0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN            0                 128                                   [::]:22                                 [::]:*              
LISTEN            0                 100                                  [::1]:25 

//下载gitlab的rpm包
[root@gitlab ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
--2023-10-07 14:50:24--  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
Resolving mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.15.130, 2402:f000:1:400::2
Connecting to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.15.130|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1295805808 (1.2G) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: 'gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm'

gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64. 100%[===========================================================>]   1.21G  20.3MB/s    in 81s     

2023-10-07 14:51:45 (15.2 MB/s) - 'gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm' saved [1295805808/1295805808]

[root@gitlab ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@gitlab ~]# rpm -ivh gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID f27eab47: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:gitlab-ce-16.4.1-ce.0.el7        ################################# [100%]
It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script.

       *.                  *.
      ***                 ***
     *****               *****
    .******             *******
    ********            ********
   ,,,,,,,,,***********,,,,,,,,,
  ,,,,,,,,,,,*********,,,,,,,,,,,
  .,,,,,,,,,,,*******,,,,,,,,,,,,
      ,,,,,,,,,*****,,,,,,,,,.
         ,,,,,,,****,,,,,,
            .,,,***,,,,
                ,*,.
  


     _______ __  __          __
    / ____(_) /_/ /   ____ _/ /_
   / / __/ / __/ /   / __ `/ __ \
  / /_/ / / /_/ /___/ /_/ / /_/ /
  \____/_/\__/_____/\__,_/_.___/
  

Thank you for installing GitLab!
GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.    //此处告诉我们该服务配置文件的位置
Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
  sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md

Help us improve the installation experience, let us know how we did with a 1 minute survey:
https://gitlab.fra1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6kVqZANThUQ1bZb?installation=omnibus&release=16-4
//出现上述的狐狸标识则表示安装成功

6.2.配置gitlab

powershell 复制代码

//修改配置文件
[root@gitlab ~]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
[root@gitlab ~]# grep '^external_url' /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
external_url 'http://192.168.195.133'    //将此处设为gitlab的服务器ip地址亦或域名
[root@gitlab ~]# grep '8080' /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
 gitlab_workhorse['auth_backend'] = "http://localhost:8080"  //将两处8080端口的行取消注释
 puma['port'] = 8080 

//重载配置文件并重启gitlab
[root@gitlab ~]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
[root@gitlab ~]# gitlab-ctl restart
ok: run: alertmanager: (pid 2767) 1s
ok: run: gitaly: (pid 2777) 0s
ok: run: gitlab-exporter: (pid 2793) 0s
ok: run: gitlab-kas: (pid 2806) 0s
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 2816) 1s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 2827) 0s
ok: run: nginx: (pid 2833) 0s
ok: run: node-exporter: (pid 2841) 1s
ok: run: postgres-exporter: (pid 2847) 0s
ok: run: postgresql: (pid 2857) 0s
ok: run: prometheus: (pid 2866) 0s
ok: run: puma: (pid 2882) 1s
ok: run: redis: (pid 2887) 0s
ok: run: redis-exporter: (pid 2895) 0s
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 2908) 0s

//查看当前的gitlab版本
[root@gitlab ~]# head -1 /opt/gitlab/version-manifest.txt
gitlab-ce 16.4.1

//查看端口号
[root@gitlab ~]# ss -antl
State          Recv-Q         Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                   Peer Address:Port         
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:9093                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:9100                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:9229                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:8080                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              128                          127.0.0.1:9168                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              511                            0.0.0.0:80                          0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              128                          127.0.0.1:8082                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:9236                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:8150                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:22                          0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:8151                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:8153                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              100                          127.0.0.1:25                          0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:8154                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:8155                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              128                          127.0.0.1:8092                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              511                            0.0.0.0:8060                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:9121                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:9090                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                         127.0.0.1:9187                        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN         0              1024                                 *:9094                              *:*            
LISTEN         0              128                              [::1]:9168                           [::]:*            
LISTEN         0              128                               [::]:22                             [::]:*            
LISTEN         0              100                              [::1]:25                             [::]:*

6.3.破解gitlab管理员密码

powershell 复制代码

方法一：
（仅适用于初次安装服务）
[root@note1 ~]# cd /etc/gitlab/
[root@note1 gitlab]# ls
gitlab.rb  gitlab-secrets.json  initial_root_password  trusted-certs
[root@note1 gitlab]# cat initial_root_password 
# WARNING: This value is valid only in the following conditions
#          1. If provided manually (either via `GITLAB_ROOT_PASSWORD` environment variable or via `gitlab_rails['initial_root_password']` setting in `gitlab.rb`, it was provided before database was seeded for the first time (usually, the first reconfigure run).
#          2. Password hasn't been changed manually, either via UI or via command line.
#
#          If the password shown here doesn't work, you must reset the admin password following https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/security/reset_user_password.html#reset-your-root-password.

Password: 0h2AiLpPTnvB921far8MtZYmL3blSz9bMms7E3xqnVs=   //此条长代码就是我们的临时密码

# NOTE: This file will be automatically deleted in the first reconfigure run after 24 hours.

方法二
（没有受限范围，直接通过破解密码进行登录）
[root@gitlab ~]# gitlab-rails console -e production
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Ruby:         ruby 3.0.6p216 (2023-03-30 revision 23a532679b) [x86_64-linux]
 GitLab:       16.4.1 (e6801ed8d44) FOSS
 GitLab Shell: 14.28.0
 PostgreSQL:   13.11
------------------------------------------------------------[ booted in 21.58s ]
Loading production environment (Rails 7.0.6)
irb(main):001:0> user = User.where(id: 1).first    //id为1的是超级管理员
=> #<User id:1 @root>
irb(main):002:0> user.password = 'redhat123'       //密码必须至少8个字符
=> "redhat123" 
irb(main):003:0> user.password_confirmation = 'redhat123'  //再次输入密码
=> "redhat123"
irb(main):004:0> user.save!  //保存修改，若无问题将返回true
=> true
irb(main):005:0> exit   //退出

6.4.查看gitlab的web页面

部署gitlab完成

7.部署jenkins主机

7.1.部署tomcat

Jenkins是一个Java程序，所以要依赖tomcat

powershell 复制代码

//安装java环境
[root@jenkins ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel wget vim

//查看安装的版本，能够查看到版本则说明安装成功
[root@jenkins ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_312"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_312-b07)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.312-b07, mixed mode)

//拉取tomcat软件包
[root@jenkins ~]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.80/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.80.tar.gz
--2023-10-10 13:41:29--  https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.80/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.80.tar.gz
Resolving archive.apache.org (archive.apache.org)... 65.108.204.189, 2a01:4f9:1a:a084::2
Connecting to archive.apache.org (archive.apache.org)|65.108.204.189|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 11692853 (11M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: 'apache-tomcat-9.0.80.tar.gz'

apache-tomcat-9.0.80.tar.gz   100%[===============================================>]  11.15M  25.2KB/s    in 5m 55s  

2023-10-10 13:47:25 (32.1 KB/s) - 'apache-tomcat-9.0.80.tar.gz' saved [11692853/11692853]

[root@jenkins ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  apache-tomcat-9.0.80.tar.gz

//解压至指定目录
[root@jenkins ~]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.80.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@jenkins ~]# ls /usr/local/
apache-tomcat-9.0.80  bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src

//设置tomcat软链接，方便后续如果更换tomcat版本后也能直接使用
[root@jenkins ~]# cd //usr/local/
[root@jenkins local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x  9 root root 220 Oct 10 13:49 apache-tomcat-9.0.80
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root  49 Jul 20 11:24 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 src
[root@jenkins local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.80 tomcat
[root@jenkins local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x  9 root root 220 Oct 10 13:49 apache-tomcat-9.0.80
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root  49 Jul 20 11:24 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Aug 12  2018 src
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root  20 Oct 10 13:51 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-9.0.80
[root@jenkins local]# cd tomcat/
[root@jenkins tomcat]# pwd
//usr/local/tomcat
[root@jenkins tomcat]# ls
bin           conf             lib      logs    README.md      RUNNING.txt  webapps
BUILDING.txt  CONTRIBUTING.md  LICENSE  NOTICE  RELEASE-NOTES  temp         work
[root@jenkins tomcat]# ls bin/
bootstrap.jar       ciphers.sh                    daemon.sh     setclasspath.bat  startup.sh            version.bat
catalina.bat        commons-daemon.jar            digest.bat    setclasspath.sh   tomcat-juli.jar       version.sh
catalina.sh         commons-daemon-native.tar.gz  digest.sh     shutdown.bat      tomcat-native.tar.gz
catalina-tasks.xml  configtest.bat                makebase.bat  shutdown.sh       tool-wrapper.bat
ciphers.bat         configtest.sh                 makebase.sh   startup.bat       tool-wrapper.sh

上述的bin目录中我们能够用到的catalina.sh、shutdown.sh、version.sh、startup.sh、configtest.sh
这几个执行文件，用途分别是：
catalina.sh 能够关闭和开启服务（常用）
shutdown.sh 只能关闭服务（不是关闭主机）
startup.sh 只能开启服务
version.sh 查看tomcat版本
configtest.sh 测试配置文件是否存在错误，检查配置文件

//将tomcat的lib位置存放在/etc/ld.so.conf/d/下面，命名一个自身名字的文件，方便查找
[root@jenkins tomcat]# ls
bin           conf             lib      logs    README.md      RUNNING.txt  webapps
BUILDING.txt  CONTRIBUTING.md  LICENSE  NOTICE  RELEASE-NOTES  temp         work
[root@jenkins tomcat]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/tomcat.conf
[root@jenkins tomcat]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/tomcat.conf
/usr/local/tomcat/lib
[root@jenkins tomcat]# ldconfig -v
ldconfig: Can't stat /libx32: No such file or directory
ldconfig: Path `/usr/lib' given more than once
ldconfig: Path `/usr/lib64' given more than once
ldconfig: Can't stat /usr/libx32: No such file or directory
/usr/lib64//bind9-export:
	libisccfg-export.so.163 -> libisccfg-export.so.163.0.4
	libisc-export.so.1104 -> libisc-export.so.1104.0.0
	libirs-export.so.161 -> libirs-export.so.161.0.0
	libdns-export.so.1107 -> libdns-export.so.1107.1.0
/usr/local/tomcat/lib:
/lib:
/lib64:

//使用绝对路径执行/usr/local/tomcat/bin/下面的脚本，tomcat不能写进环境变量，放置后续更改tomcat版本后环境变量仍是之前的tomcat版本
[root@jenkins tomcat]# pwd
//usr/local/tomcat
[root@jenkins tomcat]# cd bin
[root@jenkins bin]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/bin
[root@jenkins bin]# ./catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   //usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   //usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: //usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       //usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar://usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:   
Tomcat started.
[root@jenkins bin]# ss -antl
State          Recv-Q         Send-Q                      Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN         0              128                               0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN         0              1                      [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005                            *:*           
LISTEN         0              100                                     *:8080                            *:*           
LISTEN         0              128                                  [::]:22                           [::]:*
[root@jenkins bin]# ps -ef | grep tomcat       //查看tomcat进程
root        1585       1  0 14:02 pts/0    00:00:06 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=//usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath //usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar://usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=//usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=//usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=//usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root        1640    1455  0 14:22 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat

服务启动成功

访问tomcat的web页面

7.2.安装jenkins

Jenkins官网https://www.jenkins.io/download/

powershell 复制代码

///安装Jenkins所需要的Java-17-openjdk
[root@jenkins local]# cd jenkins/
[root@jenkins jenkins]# yum -y install java-17-openjdk java-17-openjdk-devel

//由于安装tomcat时安装的Java1.8，但是Jenkins需要Java17，为了防止版本冲突，需要配置jdk的优先级，从而能够同时使用这两个版本
[root@jenkins jenkins]# alternatives --config java  //优先使用java-17-openjdk

There are 2 programs which provide 'java'.

  Selection    Command
-----------------------------------------------
   1           java-17-openjdk.x86_64 (/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-17.0.1.0.12-2.el8_5.x86_64/bin/java)
*+ 2           java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 (/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.312.b07-2.el8_5.x86_64/jre/bin/java)

Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 1  //优先选择java-17
[root@jenkins ~]# bash     //bash使其生效 

//下载jenkins.war的包
[root@jenkins ~]# wget wget https://get.jenkins.io/war-stable/2.414.2/jenkins.war
[root@jenkins ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  apache-tomcat-9.0.80.tar.gz  jenkins.war

////将Jenkins包复制到我们为其准备的其中一个tomcat的/usr/local/jenkins/webapps/目录中去，也就是我们前面复制的jenkins中去
[root@jenkins ~]# cp jenkins.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@jenkins ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@jenkins webapps]# ls
docs  examples  host-manager  jenkins.war  manager  ROOT

//重启服务后，则会自动解压jenkins.war
[root@jenkins webapps]# ../bin/catalina.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/jenkins
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/jenkins
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/jenkins/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/jenkins/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/jenkins/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:   
NOTE: Picked up JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS:  --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
[root@jenkins webapps]# ../bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/jenkins
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/jenkins
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/jenkins/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/jenkins/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/jenkins/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:   
Tomcat started.
[root@jenkins webapps]# ss -antl
State          Recv-Q         Send-Q                      Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN         0              128                               0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN         0              128                                  [::]:22                           [::]:*           
LISTEN         0              1                      [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005                            *:*           
LISTEN         0              100                                     *:8080                            *:*           
[root@jenkins webapps]# ls      //jenkins自动解压
docs  examples  host-manager  jenkins  jenkins.war  manager  ROOT

7.3.访问jenkins的web页面

查看临时密码，登录进去，后面会重新设置一个管理员密码的

powershell 复制代码

[root@jenkins webapps]# cat /root/.jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
16e8260f352948819f217725970af6d2

建议直接安装全部插件

7.4.安装git、maven、docker

powershell 复制代码

//安装git
[root@jenkins ~]# yum -y install git
//安装maven
[root@jenkins ~]# yum -y install maven
//验证
[root@jenkins ~]# mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.5.4 (Red Hat 3.5.4-5)
Maven home: /usr/share/maven
Java version: 1.8.0_312, vendor: Red Hat, Inc., runtime: /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.312.b07-2.el8_5.x86_64/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

7.5.安装docker

powershell 复制代码

[root@jenkins ~]# dnf config-manager --add-repo=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@jenkins ~]# dnf repolist -v  //查看是否启用
[root@jenkins ~]# dnf list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r //查看可安装版本
[root@jenkins ~]# yum -y install docker-ce-24.0.6-1.el8 --allowerasing
[root@jenkins ~]# systemctl enable --now docker.service

7.6.配置Jenkins主机可以从harbor主机拉取镜像，以及免密登录

powershell 复制代码

//配置可以拉取harbor的镜像
[root@jenkins ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json 
[root@jenkins ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"insecure-registries": ["harbor.com"]
}

[root@jenkins ~]#

//配置免密登录，先生成密钥对
[root@jenkins webapps]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:vzUKGKdNcdU+1HrNg9AG/16CvAafso9l/z/4GXZI+Yg root@jenkins
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|           .+. . |
|           o.oo .|
|        . . o+.o.|
|         o . o=o+|
|      . S . o ++o|
|       B . o =.=.|
|      o o o E ++o|
|         . @ +..+|
|          =.. o+=|
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@jenkins webapps]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.195.133
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.195.133 (192.168.195.133)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:KtCxYXSsV732izj+QL2uzJDCS2G/X1MOMV+uUkriDno.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.195.133's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.195.133'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@jenkins webapps]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.195.135
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.195.135 (192.168.195.135)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:rX8qo9h9J++q89dUg33ZnWDL7KT30i/It603EM37Mic.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.195.135's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.195.135'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@jenkins webapps]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.195.136
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.195.136 (192.168.195.136)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:+4lBR7hgzjFe6gOp4we1Rd6lJJiHWgVeIQIN308d1gU.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.195.136's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.195.136'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@jenkins webapps]#

8.部署harbor.com主机

8.1.安装harbor前需先安装docker及docker-compose

powershell 复制代码

[root@harbor ~]# curl -SL https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.23.0/docker-compose-linux-x86_64 -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:--  0:00:16 --:--:--     0
curl: (52) Empty reply from server
[root@harbor ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose   //添加执行权限
[root@harbor ~]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose //将其链接到/usr/bin/下面

能够使用docker-compose --help则表示成功

devops完整搭建教程（gitlab、jenkins、harbor、docker）