python自动化测试selenium核心技术3种等待方式详解

这篇文章主要为大家介绍了python自动化测试selenium的核心技术三种等待方式示例详解，有需要的朋友可以借鉴参考下，希望能够有所帮助，祝大家多多进步早日升职加薪

UI自动化测试过程中，可能会出现因测试环境不稳定、网络慢等情况，如果不做任何处理的话，会出现无法定位到特定元素而报错，导致自动化测试无法顺利执行。

slenium自动化测试中，主要涉及三种等待方式：

1 使用python自带模块time的sleep方式

缺点：即使网络条件较好时，依旧按照预定固定时间等待，一般不建议使用，脚本调试可使用。

示例脚本：

|----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | from selenium ``import webdriver from time ``import sleep class TestWait(``object``): ``driver ``= webdriver.Chrome() ``driver.get(http:``/``/``www.baidu.com) ``def test_sleep(``self``): ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"kw"``).send_keys(``"sleep test"``) ``# sleep(2) #等待固定时间 ``self``.driver.implicitly_wait(``2``) ``# 隐式等待 ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"su"``).click() ``self``.driver.quit() if __name__ ``=``= '__main__'``: ``wait``=``TestWait() ``wait.test_sleep() |

2 隐式等待（implicitly_wait）

隐式等待设置的时间是最长的时间，如果在规定时间内网页加载完成，则执行下一步，否则一直等到时间结束，然后执行下一步。

注意：隐式等待对driver整个周期都起作用，一般在最开始设置一次就可以了。不要当做固定等待，哪里都设置隐式等待。

示例脚本：

|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | from selenium ``import webdriver from time ``import sleep class TestWait(``object``): ``driver ``= webdriver.Chrome() ``driver.get(http:``/``/``www.baidu.com) ``def test_sleep(``self``): ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"kw"``).send_keys(``"sleep test"``) ``self``.driver.implicitly_wait(``2``) ``# 隐式等待 ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"su"``).click() ``self``.driver.quit() if __name__ ``=``= '__main__'``: ``wait``=``TestWait() ``wait.test_sleep() |

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3 显示等待（WebDriverWait）

显式等待允许等待条件的发生，所以非常适合在浏览器及其DOM和WebDriver脚本之间同步状态。

需要引入包：from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

WebDriverWait参数说明：

WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)

两种方法：until和util_not

场景：

打开百度首页，等待页面标题出现：百度一下，你就知道，再执行输入搜索关键词，点击"百度一下"按钮。

示例脚本：

|-------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | from selenium ``import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.wait ``import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support ``import expected_conditions as ec class TestWait(``object``): ``def setup(``self``): ``self``.driver ``= webdriver.Chrome() ``self``.driver.get(http:``/``/``www.baidu.com) ``def test_webdreiverwait(``self``): ``webdreiverwaits ``=``WebDriverWait(``self``.driver,``2``) ``webdreiverwaits.until(ec.title_is(``"百度一下，你就知道"``)) ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"kw"``).send_keys(``"test_webdreiverwait test"``) ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"su"``).click() ``def teardown(``self``): ``self``.driver.quit() if __name__ ``=``= '__main__'``: ``wait``=``TestWait() ``wait.test_webdreiverwait() |

三种等待完整示例脚本：

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 | from selenium ``import webdriver from time ``import sleep from selenium.webdriver.support.wait ``import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support ``import expected_conditions as ec class TestWait(``object``): ``def setup(``self``): ``self``.driver ``= webdriver.Chrome() ``self``.driver.get(``"http://www.baidu.com"``) ``def test_sleep(``self``): ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"kw"``).send_keys(``"sleep test"``) ``sleep(``2``) ``#等待固定时间 ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"su"``).click() ``def test_implicitly(``self``): ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"kw"``).send_keys(``"implicitly test"``) ``self``.driver.implicitly_wait(``2``) ``# 隐式等待 ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"su"``).click() ``def test_webdreiverwait(``self``): ``webdreiverwaits ``=``WebDriverWait(``self``.driver,``2``) ``webdreiverwaits.until(ec.title_is(``"百度一下，你就知道"``)) ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"kw"``).send_keys(``"test_webdreiverwait test"``) ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"su"``).click() ``def teardown(``self``): ``self``.driver.quit() if __name__ ``=``= '__main__'``: ``wait``=``TestWait() ``# wait.test_sleep() ``# wait.test_implicitly() ``wait.test_webdreiverwait() |

【常见问题】：运行脚本报empty suite：

|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | from selenium ``import webdriver from time ``import sleep class TestWait(``object``): ``def __init__(``self``): ``self``.driver ``= webdriver.Chrome() ``self``.driver.get(``'http://www.baidu.com'``) ``def test_sleep(``self``): ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"kw"``).send_keys(``"sleep test"``) ``# sleep(2) #等待固定时间 ``self``.driver.implicitly_wait(``2``) ``# 隐式等待 ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``"su"``).click() ``self``.driver.quit() if __name__ ``=``= '__main__'``: ``wait``=``TestWait() ``wait.test_sleep() |

【解决方法】：脚本修改

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 | from selenium ``import webdriver from time ``import sleep from selenium.webdriver.support ``import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.wait ``import WebDriverWait class TestCase(``object``): ``def setup(``self``): ``self``.driver ``= webdriver.Chrome() ``self``.driver.get(``'http://www.baidu.com'``) ``# sleep(2) ``def test_sleep(``self``): ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``'kw'``).send_keys(``'selenium'``) ``# sleep(2) # 线程阻塞 blocking wait ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``'su'``).click() ``# sleep(3) ``def test_implicitly(``self``): ``self``.driver.implicitly_wait(``10``) ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``'kw'``).send_keys(``'selenium'``) ``# sleep(2) # 线程阻塞 blocking wait ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``'su'``).click() ``# sleep(3) ``def test_wait(``self``): ``wait ``= WebDriverWait(``self``.driver,``2``) ``wait.until(EC.title_is(``'百度一下，你就知道'``)) ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``'kw'``).send_keys(``'selenium'``) ``# sleep(2) # 线程阻塞 blocking wait ``self``.driver.find_element_by_id(``'su'``).click() ``# sleep(3) ``def teardown(``self``): ``self``.driver.quit() if __name__ ``=``= '__main__'``: ``case ``= TestCase() ``# case.test_sleep() ``# case.test_implicitly() ``case.test_wait() |

以：selenium自动化测试学习总结！

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