Leetcode 2407. Longest Increasing Subsequence II

You are given an integer array nums and an integer k.

Find the longest subsequence of nums that meets the following requirements:>
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1. The subsequence is strictly increasing and
2. The difference between adjacent elements in the subsequence is at most k.
Return the length of the longest subsequence that meets the requirements.

A subsequence is an array that can be derived from another array by deleting some or no > > elements without changing the order of the remaining elements.

假设我们用一个数组 dp \text{dp}\[\] dp\[\]来存储以当前元素为结尾的最长递增子数列，我们可以考虑对数组顺序循环，对每一个值 nums $i$ \text{nums} $i$ nums $i$ ，满足constraint: j < i , nums $j$ + k > = nums $i$ j < i, \text{nums} $j$ + k >= \text{nums} $i$ j<i,nums $j$ +k>=nums $i$ 的条件所有 j j j，求 max ⁡ dp $j$ \max \text{dp} $j$ maxdp $j$ 。

max ⁡ j < i dp $j$ s . t . nums $j$ + k > = nums $i$ \max_{j < i}\text{dp} $j$ \quad s.t. \text{nums} $j$ + k >= \text{nums} $i$ j<imaxdp $j$ s.t.nums $j$ +k>=nums $i$

为了解这个问题，我们可以构造一个线段树 tree \text{tree} tree，其index可以表示 nums \text{nums}\[\] nums\[\]中的元素值的范围，对应value表示以该元素范围为结尾的最长递增子序列，那么在循环中我们只要查询 tree $nums \[ j$ − k : nums $j$ − 1 ] \text{tree} $\\text{nums}\[j$ -k : \text{nums} $j$ -1] tree $nums\[j$ −k:nums $j$ −1] 即可。这样的时间复杂度相当于扫一遍长度为 N N N的数组 nums \texttt{nums} nums，每次对最大数值范围为 M M M的线段树进行查询和更新操作，总复杂度为 O ( N log ⁡ M ) \mathcal{O}(N \log M) O(NlogM). 以下为code:

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class Solution {
public:

    void update(vector<int>& tree, int v, int tl, int tr, int pos, int new_val) {
        if (tl == tr) {
            tree[v] = max(new_val, tree[v]);
        } else {
            int tm = (tl + tr) / 2;
            if (pos <= tm)
                update(tree, v*2, tl, tm, pos, new_val);
            else
                update(tree, v*2+1, tm+1, tr, pos, new_val);
            tree[v] = max(tree[v*2], tree[v*2+1]);
        }
    }

    int get(vector<int>& tree, int v, int tl, int tr, int l, int r) {
        if (l > r) return 0;
        if (tl == l && tr == r) return tree[v];

        int tm = (tl + tr) / 2;
        return max(
            get(tree, v*2,   tl,   tm, l, min(tm, r)),
            get(tree, v*2+1, tm+1, tr, max(tm+1, l), r)
        );
    }

    int lengthOfLIS(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
        vector<int> tree(400000, 0);
        for (auto it = nums.begin(); it != nums.end(); ++it) {
            int sub = get(tree, 1, 1, 100000, max(1,(*it)-k), (*it)-1);
            update(tree, 1, 1, 100000, *it, sub+1);
        }
        return tree[1];
    }
};