文章中对hive表中导入数据 方法目录
[方式三:查询语句中创建表并加载数据(as select)](#方式三:查询语句中创建表并加载数据(as select))
[1. 创建表,并指定在hdfs上的位置](#1. 创建表,并指定在hdfs上的位置)
[2. 上传数据到hdfs上](#2. 上传数据到hdfs上)
[3. 查询数据](#3. 查询数据)
[方式五:export导出 与 import导入 hive表数据(内部非分区表操作)](#方式五:export导出 与 import导入 hive表数据(内部非分区表操作))
准备数据
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| -- 创建 db_myhive_5 create database db_myhive_5; use db_myhive_5; -- 创建表 create table tb_score( s_id string, c_id string, score int ) partitioned by (month string) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'; |
方式一:通过load方式加载数据
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| load data local inpath '/export/data/hive_data/score.txt' overwrite into table tb_score partition ( month = '202006'); |
方式二:直接向分区表中插入数据
通过insert into方式加载数据
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| create table score3 like tb_score**;** insert into table score3 partition ( month = '202007') values ( '001', '002', '100'); |
通过查询方式加载数据
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| create table score4 like score**;** insert overwrite table score4 partition ( month = '202006') select s_id**,** c_id**,** s_score from tb_score**;** |
例子
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| 需求1: 创建新库 myhive6, 切换库 myhive6 需求2: 创建t_score_1(s_id, c_id, score) 按月指定分区 month, 指定字段分隔符为 '\t' 需求3: 通过 load data 方式加载文件中数据 需求4: 创建表 t_score_2 依据 表 t_score_1的结构 需求5: 通过insert into 添加一行数据 需求6: 创建表 t_score_3 依据 表 t_score_1的结构 需求7: 通过 select 添加n条记录 |实现
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| -- 需求1: 创建新库 myhive6, 切换库 myhive6 create database myhive6; use myhive6; -- 需求2: 创建t_score_1(s_id, c_id, score) 按月指定分区 month, 指定字段分隔符为 '\t' create table t_score_1( s_id string, c_id string, score int ) partitioned by (month string) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'; -- 需求3: 通过 load data 方式加载文件中数据 load data local inpath '/export/data/hive_data/f_score.csv' overwrite into table t_score_1 partition (month='202101'); -- 需求4: 创建表 t_score_2 依据 表 t_score_1的结构 create table t_score_2 like t_score_1; -- 需求5: 通过insert into 添加一行数据 insert into t_score_2 partition(month='202002') values('01', '02', 66); select * from t_score_2; -- 需求6: 创建表 t_score_3 依据 表 t_score_1的结构 create table t_score_3 like t_score_1; -- 需求7: 通过 select 添加n条记录 insert overwrite table t_score_3 partition(month='202003') select s_id, c_id, score from t_score_1; select * from t_score_3; |
方式三:查询语句中创建表并加载数据(as select)
将查询的结果保存到一张表当中去
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| create table score5 as select * from score**;** |
方式四:创建表时通过location指定加载数据路径
1. 创建表,并指定在hdfs上的位置
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| create external table score6 ( s_id string**,** c_id string**,** s_score int ) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t' location '/myscore6'; |
2. 上传数据到hdfs上
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| hdfs dfs - mkdir - p / myscore6 hdfs dfs - put score**.** txt / myscore6**;** |
3. 查询数据
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| select * from score6**;** |
例子
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| 1 创建表 t_score_6(s_id, c_id, score), 指定分隔符为'\t', 指定保存位置为 '/hivedatas/t_score_6'; 2 将分数信息文件 上传到 hdfs的目录下 '/hivedatas/t_score_6' 3 查看表中的数据 |实现
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| -- 1 创建表 t_score_6(s_id, c_id, score), 指定分隔符为'\t', 指定保存位置为 '/hivedatas/t_score_6'; create table t_score_6( s_id string, c_id string, score int ) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t' location '/hivedatas/t_score_6'; -- 2 将分数信息文件 上传到 hdfs的目录下 '/hivedatas/t_score_6' -- hdfs dfs -put 文件 /hivedatas/t_score_6 -- 3 查看表中的数据 select * from t_score_6; |
方式五:expo rt导出 与 import 导入 hive表数据 ( 内部 非分区 表 操作 )
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| create table teacher2 like teacher**;** export table teacher to '/export/teacher'; import table teacher2 from '/export/teacher' |
注意: import 导入时结尾不要增加 分号;