实战：Zig 编写高性能 Web 服务（1）

xiaodeshi2024-06-07 2:04

1.1 认识 std.http

std.http 是 Zig 标准库中用于处理 HTTP 相关操作的类库。以我学习新的编程语言的经历来看，编写web程序是最常见的技术场景，所以熟练掌握 HTTP server/client 服务相关的编程知识是比较重要的。

std.http 主要包含以下API:

  • Client: HTTP client implementation.
  • Server: HTTP server implementation.
  • protocol：headers parse methods.
  • Connection: Connection type (keep_alive, close)
  • ContentEncoding: Content encoding options (compress, deflate, gzip and zstd)
  • Field: Common type for name and value
  • Headers: HTTP headers
  • Method: HTTP methods such as GET and POST
  • Status: HTTP status codes (not_found = 404, teapot = 418, etc.)
  • TransferEncoding: Form of encoding used to transfer the body (chunked)
  • Version: Currently HTTP/1.0 and HTTP/1.1

1.2 编写一个HTTP client程序

先创建一个开工项目：

bash 复制代码 
$ mkdir -p httpz
$ cd httpz
$ zig init

$ ls -ls
total 20
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xiaods xiaods 3879 Jun  3 11:53 build.zig
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xiaods xiaods 3080 Jun  3 11:50 build.zig.zon
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 xiaods xiaods 4096 Jun  3 13:33 src
4 drwxr-xr-x 6 xiaods xiaods 4096 Jun  3 11:51 zig-cache
4 drwxr-xr-x 4 xiaods xiaods 4096 Jun  3 11:51 zig-out

编辑 src/main.zig，我们将使用 std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator，这是一个安全的分配器，可以防止双重释放（double-free）、使用后释放（use-after-free），并且能够检测内存泄漏。

cpp 复制代码 
const std = @import("std");
const print = std.debug.print;
const http = std.http;

    var gpa = std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){};
    defer _ = gpa.deinit();
    const allocator = gpa.allocator();

下一步，为了发送一个请求，我们需要几样东西：

  • client.open 函数
  • 一个从URL解析而来的 std.Uri

下面是我们如何将这些参数组合在一起的方法：

cpp 复制代码 
    const uri = try std.Uri.parse("http://httpbin.org/headers");
    const buf = try allocator.alloc(u8, 1024 * 1024 * 4);
    defer allocator.free(buf);
    var req = try client.open(.GET, uri, .{
        .server_header_buffer = buf,
    });
    defer req.deinit();

为了真正的发送请求，需要通过send,finish,wait来完成：

cpp 复制代码 
 try req.send();
 try req.finish();
 try req.wait();

打印返回的服务器headers 信息：

cpp 复制代码 
var iter = req.response.iterateHeaders();
    while (iter.next()) |header| {
        std.debug.print("Name:{s}, Value:{s}\n", .{ header.name, header.value });
    }

    try std.testing.expectEqual(req.response.status, .ok);

打印返回的服务端内容：

cpp 复制代码 
    var rdr = req.reader();
    const body = try rdr.readAllAlloc(allocator, 1024 * 1024 * 4);
    defer allocator.free(body);

    print("Body:\n{s}\n", .{body});

把上面的代码所有内容放在一起，并打印出响应内容：

cpp 复制代码 
const std = @import("std");
const print = std.debug.print;
const http = std.http;

pub fn main() !void {
    var gpa = std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){};
    defer _ = gpa.deinit();
    const allocator = gpa.allocator();

    var client = http.Client{ .allocator = allocator };
    defer client.deinit();

    const uri = try std.Uri.parse("http://httpbin.org/headers");
    const buf = try allocator.alloc(u8, 1024 * 1024 * 4);
    defer allocator.free(buf);
    var req = try client.open(.GET, uri, .{
        .server_header_buffer = buf,
    });
    defer req.deinit();

    try req.send();
    try req.finish();
    try req.wait();

    var iter = req.response.iterateHeaders();
    while (iter.next()) |header| {
        std.debug.print("Name:{s}, Value:{s}\n", .{ header.name, header.value });
    }

    try std.testing.expectEqual(req.response.status, .ok);

    var rdr = req.reader();
    const body = try rdr.readAllAlloc(allocator, 1024 * 1024 * 4);
    defer allocator.free(body);

    print("Body:\n{s}\n", .{body});
}

跑一下：

bash 复制代码 
 $ zig build run
Name:Date, Value:Mon, 03 Jun 2024 08:24:19 GMT
Name:Content-Type, Value:application/json
Name:Content-Length, Value:202
Name:Connection, Value:keep-alive
Name:Server, Value:gunicorn/19.9.0
Name:Access-Control-Allow-Origin, Value:*
Name:Access-Control-Allow-Credentials, Value:true
Body:
{
  "headers": {
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "User-Agent": "zig/0.12.0 (std.http)",
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-665d7db3-258c846d0fcca0912fadfa8b"
  }
}

成功了！我们成功地向服务器发送了一个GET请求并打印出了响应。

GET请求的例子我们看到了，那么如何发起POST请求呢？让我们继续拿例子说话。

准备好发送内容：

cpp 复制代码 
const uri = try std.Uri.parse("http://httpbin.org/anything");

    const payload =
        \\ {
        \\  "name": "zig-learning",
        \\  "author": "xiaods"
        \\ }
    ;

发送POST 请求：

cpp 复制代码 
var buf: [1024]u8 = undefined;
    var req = try client.open(.POST, uri, .{ .server_header_buffer = &buf });
    defer req.deinit();

    req.transfer_encoding = .{ .content_length = payload.len };
    try req.send();
    var wtr = req.writer();
    try wtr.writeAll(payload);
    try req.finish();
    try req.wait();

    try std.testing.expectEqual(req.response.status, .ok);

打印返回内容：

cpp 复制代码 
var rdr = req.reader();
    const body = try rdr.readAllAlloc(allocator, 1024 * 1024 * 4);
    defer allocator.free(body);

    print("Body:\n{s}\n", .{body});

完整的Post代码如下：

cpp 复制代码 
const std = @import("std");
const print = std.debug.print;
const http = std.http;

pub fn main() !void {
    var gpa = std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){};
    defer _ = gpa.deinit();
    const allocator = gpa.allocator();

    var client = http.Client{ .allocator = allocator };
    defer client.deinit();

    const uri = try std.Uri.parse("http://httpbin.org/anything");

    const payload =
        \\ {
        \\  "name": "zig-learning",
        \\  "author": "xiaods"
        \\ }
    ;

    var buf: [1024]u8 = undefined;
    var req = try client.open(.POST, uri, .{ .server_header_buffer = &buf });
    defer req.deinit();

    req.transfer_encoding = .{ .content_length = payload.len };
    try req.send();
    var wtr = req.writer();
    try wtr.writeAll(payload);
    try req.finish();
    try req.wait();

    try std.testing.expectEqual(req.response.status, .ok);

    var rdr = req.reader();
    const body = try rdr.readAllAlloc(allocator, 1024 * 1024 * 4);
    defer allocator.free(body);

    print("Body:\n{s}\n", .{body});
}

运行结果：

bash 复制代码 
$ zig run src/http-post.zig 
Body:
{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": " {\n  \"name\": \"zig-learning\",\n  \"author\": \"xiaods\"\n }", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Content-Length": "52", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "zig/0.12.0 (std.http)", 
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-665d8114-01b0167844d8d101012e6d6a"
  }, 
  "json": {
    "author": "xiaods", 
    "name": "zig-learning"
  }, 
  "method": "POST", 
  "origin": "219.133.170.77", 
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/anything"
}

请消化消化以上代码，别着急，我们后面继续前行，编写web server

相关推荐
珊瑚里的鱼7 分钟前
第九讲 | 模板进阶
开发语言·c++·笔记·visualstudio·学习方法·visual studio
未来之窗软件服务17 分钟前
人体肢体渲染-一步几个脚印从头设计数字生命——仙盟创梦IDE
开发语言·ide·人工智能·python·pygame·仙盟创梦ide
Echo``25 分钟前
40：相机与镜头选型
开发语言·人工智能·深度学习·计算机视觉·视觉检测
lisw0543 分钟前
R语言的专业网站top5推荐
开发语言·r语言
清同趣科研43 分钟前
扩增子分析|R分析之微生物生态网络稳定性评估之节点和连接的恒常性、节点持久性以及组成稳定性指数计算
开发语言·r语言
纨妙1 小时前
python打卡打印26
开发语言·python
.小墨迹1 小时前
Apollo学习——键盘控制速度
linux·开发语言·c++·python·学习·计算机外设
似水এ᭄往昔1 小时前
【数据结构】——队列
c语言·数据结构·c++·链表
水水沝淼㵘2 小时前
嵌入式开发学习日志（数据结构--双链表）Day21
c语言·数据结构·学习·算法·排序算法
qqxhb2 小时前
零基础学Java——第十一章：实战项目 - 微服务入门
java·开发语言·spring cloud·微服务
热门推荐
01KGG转MP3工具|非KGM文件|解密音频02YOLOv8入门 | 重要性能衡量指标、训练结果评价及分析及影响mAP的因素【发论文关注的指标】03从零安装 LLaMA-Factory 微调 Qwen 大模型成功及所有的坑04【SpeedAI科研小助手】2分钟极速解决知网维普重复率、AIGC率过高，一键全文降！文件格式不变，公式都保留的！05Coze扣子平台完整体验和实践（附国内和国际版对比）06DeepSeek各版本说明与优缺点分析07【解决】Android Gradle Sync 报错 Could not read workspace metadata08YOLOv5改进 | 添加CA注意力机制 + 增加预测层 + 更换损失函数之GIoU09苍穹外卖面试总结10yolov10来了！用yolov10训练自己的数据集（原理、训练、部署、应用）