鸿蒙轻内核A核源码分析系列七进程管理 (3)

本文记录下进程相关的初始化函数，如OsSystemProcessCreate、OsProcessInit、OsProcessCreateInit、OsUserInitProcess、OsDeInitPCB、OsUserInitProcessStart等。

1、LiteOS-A内核进程创建初始化通用函数

先看看一些内部函数，不管是初始化用户态进程还是内核态进程，都会使用这些函数，包含进程控制块初始化函数OsInitPCB、进程控制块初始化恢复函数OsDeInitPCB

1.1 进程控制块初始化函数OsInitPCB

进程控制块初始化函数OsInitPCB需要3个参数，第一个参数processCB是进程块指针，第二个参数为进程模式mode，分为内核态进程OS_KERNEL_MODE和用户态进程OS_USER_MODE。第三个参数用于设置进程名称。返回值为初始化成功LOS_OK还是失败LOS_ENOMEM。看下代码，⑴处设置进程控制块的信息，用户态进程还是内核态进程，进程状态设置为初始化状态，线程组编号设置为无效值，设置为默认掩码，定时器编号设置为无效值。⑵处初始化进程的双向链表。如果系统配置支持虚拟内存，则执行⑶判断初始化的进程是否为用户态进程，如果是用户态进程，则创建虚拟地址空间，如果创建失败，则把进程状态设置为未使用状态，然后返回错误码。⑷处表示如果是内核态进程，则指定进程的内核进程虚拟地址空间。有关虚拟地址空间的信息，请参考之前的系列文章。

如果执行CPUP特性，则执行⑸处代码，则为CPUP结构体申请内存空间。⑹处，如果开启了LOSCFG_SECURITY_VID，则V初始化ID映射链表。⑺处，如果开启了安全能力LOSCFG_SECURITY_CAPABILITY，则进行相应的初始化。⑻处为进程设置一个名称。

    STATIC UINT32 OsInitPCB(LosProcessCB *processCB, UINT32 mode, const CHAR *name)
    {
⑴      processCB->processMode = mode;
        processCB->processStatus = OS_PROCESS_STATUS_INIT;
        processCB->parentProcessID = OS_INVALID_VALUE;
        processCB->threadGroupID = OS_INVALID_VALUE;
        processCB->umask = OS_PROCESS_DEFAULT_UMASK;
        processCB->timerID = (timer_t)(UINTPTR)MAX_INVALID_TIMER_VID;

⑵      LOS_ListInit(&processCB->threadSiblingList);
        LOS_ListInit(&processCB->childrenList);
        LOS_ListInit(&processCB->exitChildList);
        LOS_ListInit(&(processCB->waitList));

    #ifdef LOSCFG_KERNEL_VM
⑶      if (OsProcessIsUserMode(processCB)) {
            processCB->vmSpace = OsCreateUserVmSpace();
            if (processCB->vmSpace == NULL) {
                processCB->processStatus = OS_PROCESS_FLAG_UNUSED;
                return LOS_ENOMEM;
            }
        } else {
⑷          processCB->vmSpace = LOS_GetKVmSpace();
        }
    #endif

    #ifdef LOSCFG_KERNEL_CPUP
⑸      processCB->processCpup = (OsCpupBase *)LOS_MemAlloc(m_aucSysMem1, sizeof(OsCpupBase));
        if (processCB->processCpup == NULL) {
            return LOS_ENOMEM;
        }
        (VOID)memset_s(processCB->processCpup, sizeof(OsCpupBase), 0, sizeof(OsCpupBase));
    #endif

    #ifdef LOSCFG_SECURITY_VID
⑹      status_t status = VidMapListInit(processCB);
        if (status != LOS_OK) {
            return LOS_ENOMEM;
        }
    #endif

⑺  #ifdef LOSCFG_SECURITY_CAPABILITY
        OsInitCapability(processCB);
    #endif

⑻      if (OsSetProcessName(processCB, name) != LOS_OK) {
            return LOS_ENOMEM;
        }

        return LOS_OK;
    }

1.2 进程控制块初始化恢复函数OsDeInitPCB

在创建进程时，会执行该函数，恢复进程控制块信息到初始化之前的状态。⑴处释放进程的资源，包含地址空间、文件、安全能力、定时器等占用的内存。如果存在父进程，则执行⑵从父进程的兄弟列表上删除。如果进程属于进程组，则从进程组中退出。然后执行⑷设置进程状态为退出态，把进程放入待回收链表中。

    STATIC VOID OsDeInitPCB(LosProcessCB *processCB)
    {
        UINT32 intSave;
        ProcessGroup *group = NULL;

        if (processCB == NULL) {
            return;
        }

⑴      OsProcessResourcesToFree(processCB);

        SCHEDULER_LOCK(intSave);
        if (processCB->parentProcessID != OS_INVALID_VALUE) {
⑵          LOS_ListDelete(&processCB->siblingList);
            processCB->parentProcessID = OS_INVALID_VALUE;
        }

⑶      if (processCB->group != NULL) {
            OsExitProcessGroup(processCB, &group);
        }

⑷      processCB->processStatus &= ~OS_PROCESS_STATUS_INIT;
        processCB->processStatus |= OS_PROCESS_FLAG_EXIT;
        LOS_ListHeadInsert(&g_processRecycleList, &processCB->pendList);
        SCHEDULER_UNLOCK(intSave);

        (VOID)LOS_MemFree(m_aucSysMem1, group);
        OsWriteResourceEvent(OS_RESOURCE_EVENT_FREE);
        return;
    }

2、 LiteOS-A内核系统进程创建函数OsSystemProcessCreate

系统进程创建函数OsSystemProcessCreate在文件kernel\common\los_config.c中被调用，在系统启动阶段创建系统进程。该函数又调用OsProcessInit，我们首先看下函数OsProcessInit。

2.1 进程初始化函数OsProcessInit

进程初始化函数OsProcessInit为进程控制块申请内存，初始化进程相关的进程链表。我们看下代码，⑴处获取配置的进程最大数值，然后计算需要的内存大小。⑵处申请内存，初始化申请的内存块。⑶处初始化空闲进程双向链表和待回收进程双向链表。

⑷处初始化每一个进程，社区进程编号、进程状态，然后把每一个进程放到空闲进程链表里。⑸处设置Idle进程编号为0，用户根进程编号为1，系统根进程编号为2，然后执行LOS_ListDelete把这3个进程从阻塞链表上删除。

    STATIC UINT32 OsProcessInit(VOID)
    {
        UINT32 index;
        UINT32 size;

⑴      g_processMaxNum = LOSCFG_BASE_CORE_PROCESS_LIMIT;
        size = g_processMaxNum * sizeof(LosProcessCB);

⑵      g_processCBArray = (LosProcessCB *)LOS_MemAlloc(m_aucSysMem1, size);
        if (g_processCBArray == NULL) {
            return LOS_NOK;
        }
        (VOID)memset_s(g_processCBArray, size, 0, size);

⑶      LOS_ListInit(&g_freeProcess);
        LOS_ListInit(&g_processRecycleList);

⑷      for (index = 0; index < g_processMaxNum; index++) {
            g_processCBArray[index].processID = index;
            g_processCBArray[index].processStatus = OS_PROCESS_FLAG_UNUSED;
            LOS_ListTailInsert(&g_freeProcess, &g_processCBArray[index].pendList);
        }

⑸      g_kernelIdleProcess = 0; /* 0: The idle process ID of the kernel-mode process is fixed at 0 */
        LOS_ListDelete(&OS_PCB_FROM_PID(g_kernelIdleProcess)->pendList);

        g_userInitProcess = 1; /* 1: The root process ID of the user-mode process is fixed at 1 */
        LOS_ListDelete(&OS_PCB_FROM_PID(g_userInitProcess)->pendList);

        g_kernelInitProcess = 2; /* 2: The root process ID of the kernel-mode process is fixed at 2 */
        LOS_ListDelete(&OS_PCB_FROM_PID(g_kernelInitProcess)->pendList);

        return LOS_OK;
    }

2.2 进程创建初始化函数OsProcessCreateInit

该函数用于创建进程时的一些初始化操作，主要是文件系统、安全能力、进程组等等。需要3个参数，分别是进程控制块指针，标记用户态还是内核态进程的flags，进程名称name。首先执行⑴调用OsInitPCB()对进程控制块进行初始化，然后，如果配置支持了虚拟文件系统VFS，则执行⑵为进程分别文件。⑶处根据进程号创建进程组。如果支持安全能力，则执行⑷创建用户。如果初始化失败，会执行⑸恢复进程控制块到初始化之前的状态。

    STATIC UINT32 OsProcessCreateInit(LosProcessCB *processCB, UINT32 flags, const CHAR *name)
    {
        ProcessGroup *group = NULL;
⑴      UINT32 ret = OsInitPCB(processCB, flags, name);
        if (ret != LOS_OK) {
            goto EXIT;
        }

    #ifdef LOSCFG_FS_VFS
⑵      processCB->files = alloc_files();
        if (processCB->files == NULL) {
            ret = LOS_ENOMEM;
            goto EXIT;
        }
    #endif

⑶      group = OsCreateProcessGroup(processCB->processID);
        if (group == NULL) {
            ret = LOS_ENOMEM;
            goto EXIT;
        }

    #ifdef LOSCFG_SECURITY_CAPABILITY
⑷      processCB->user = OsCreateUser(0, 0, 1);
        if (processCB->user == NULL) {
            ret = LOS_ENOMEM;
            goto EXIT;
        }
    #endif

        return LOS_OK;

    EXIT:
⑸      OsDeInitPCB(processCB);
        return ret;
    }

2.3 系统进程创建函数OsSystemProcessCreate

接下来，我们看看系统进程创建函数OsSystemProcessCreate的源代码。⑴处开始先后调用OsProcessInit、OsProcessCreateInit初始化内核态根进程，⑵处进程的状态不再是初始化状态。⑶处从内核进程获取全局进程组指针g_processGroup，然后初始化进程组的双向链表。这样看来，所有的进程组都会挂载到内核进程的进程组节点上。⑷处初始化内核空闲进程，内核空闲进程的父进程也是内核态根进程，插入到进程组链表，设置空闲进程的状态不再是初始化状态。执行⑸创建空闲任务，然后设置空闲进程的线程组编号为空闲线程编号。

    LITE_OS_SEC_TEXT_INIT UINT32 OsSystemProcessCreate(VOID)
    {
⑴      UINT32 ret = OsProcessInit();
        if (ret != LOS_OK) {
            return ret;
        }

        LosProcessCB *kerInitProcess = OS_PCB_FROM_PID(g_kernelInitProcess);
        ret = OsProcessCreateInit(kerInitProcess, OS_KERNEL_MODE, "KProcess");
        if (ret != LOS_OK) {
            return ret;
        }

⑵      kerInitProcess->processStatus &= ~OS_PROCESS_STATUS_INIT;
⑶      g_processGroup = kerInitProcess->group;
        LOS_ListInit(&g_processGroup->groupList);

⑷      LosProcessCB *idleProcess = OS_PCB_FROM_PID(g_kernelIdleProcess);
        ret = OsInitPCB(idleProcess, OS_KERNEL_MODE, "KIdle");
        if (ret != LOS_OK) {
            return ret;
        }
        idleProcess->parentProcessID = kerInitProcess->processID;
        LOS_ListTailInsert(&kerInitProcess->childrenList, &idleProcess->siblingList);
        idleProcess->group = kerInitProcess->group;
        LOS_ListTailInsert(&kerInitProcess->group->processList, &idleProcess->subordinateGroupList);
    #ifdef LOSCFG_SECURITY_CAPABILITY
        idleProcess->user = kerInitProcess->user;
    #endif
    #ifdef LOSCFG_FS_VFS
        idleProcess->files = kerInitProcess->files;
    #endif
        idleProcess->processStatus &= ~OS_PROCESS_STATUS_INIT;

⑸      ret = OsIdleTaskCreate();
        if (ret != LOS_OK) {
            return ret;
        }
        idleProcess->threadGroupID = OsGetIdleTaskId();

        return LOS_OK;
    }

3. LiteOS-A内核用户进程创建函数OsUserInitProcess

系统启动阶段，OsUserInitProcess启动init进程。该函数在device开发板目录下系统初始化文件中调用，如system_init.c等等。该函数需要开启LOSCFG_KERNEL_DYNLOAD宏，否则函数体内容为空。在阅读函数OsUserInitProcess的源码前，先看看该函数调用的其他函数，如OsLoadUserInit、OsUserInitStackAlloc、OsUserInitProcessStart等等。

3.1 加载用户初始化数据函数OsLoadUserInit

该函数用于加载用户数据。⑴处从链接脚本获取text、bss的开启和结束地址，然后计算bss段、初始化段的大小。⑵处进行一些必要的校验，是否针对内存页对齐，内存段长度是否合理等。然后执行⑶，申请物理内存页，然后把用户初始化数据复制到申请的内存页。⑷处进行虚实映射。如果bss段长度不为0，执行⑸把bss段的内存区域清零。

STATIC UINT32 OsLoadUserInit(LosProcessCB *processCB)
{
    /*              userInitTextStart               -----
     * | user text |
     *
     * | user data |                                initSize
     *              userInitBssStart  ---
     * | user bss  |                  initBssSize
     *              userInitEnd       ---           -----
     */
    errno_t errRet;
    INT32 ret;
⑴  CHAR *userInitTextStart = (CHAR *)&__user_init_entry;
    CHAR *userInitBssStart = (CHAR *)&__user_init_bss;
    CHAR *userInitEnd = (CHAR *)&__user_init_end;
    UINT32 initBssSize = userInitEnd - userInitBssStart;
    UINT32 initSize = userInitEnd - userInitTextStart;
    VOID *userBss = NULL;
    VOID *userText = NULL;

⑵  if ((LOS_Align((UINTPTR)userInitTextStart, PAGE_SIZE) != (UINTPTR)userInitTextStart) ||
        (LOS_Align((UINTPTR)userInitEnd, PAGE_SIZE) != (UINTPTR)userInitEnd)) {
        return LOS_EINVAL;
    }

    if ((initSize == 0) || (initSize <= initBssSize)) {
        return LOS_EINVAL;
    }

⑶  userText = LOS_PhysPagesAllocContiguous(initSize >> PAGE_SHIFT);
    if (userText == NULL) {
        return LOS_NOK;
    }

    errRet = memcpy_s(userText, initSize, (VOID *)&__user_init_load_addr, initSize - initBssSize);
    if (errRet != EOK) {
        PRINT_ERR("Load user init text, data and bss failed! err : %d\n", errRet);
        goto ERROR;
    }
⑷  ret = LOS_VaddrToPaddrMmap(processCB->vmSpace, (VADDR_T)(UINTPTR)userInitTextStart, LOS_PaddrQuery(userText),
                               initSize, VM_MAP_REGION_FLAG_PERM_READ | VM_MAP_REGION_FLAG_PERM_WRITE |
                               VM_MAP_REGION_FLAG_FIXED | VM_MAP_REGION_FLAG_PERM_EXECUTE |
                               VM_MAP_REGION_FLAG_PERM_USER);
    if (ret < 0) {
        PRINT_ERR("Mmap user init text, data and bss failed! err : %d\n", ret);
        goto ERROR;
    }

    /* The User init boot segment may not actually exist */
⑸  if (initBssSize != 0) {
        userBss = (VOID *)((UINTPTR)userText + userInitBssStart - userInitTextStart);
        errRet = memset_s(userBss, initBssSize, 0, initBssSize);
        if (errRet != EOK) {
            PRINT_ERR("memset user init bss failed! err : %d\n", errRet);
            goto ERROR;
        }
    }

    return LOS_OK;

ERROR:
    (VOID)LOS_PhysPagesFreeContiguous(userText, initSize >> PAGE_SHIFT);
    return LOS_NOK;
}

3.2 用户初始化栈函数OsUserInitStackAlloc

该函数需要2个参数，第一个参数为进程控制块，第二个参数为输出参数，用于获取用户任务栈的大小。⑴处用户任务栈大小对页进行对齐，然后申请内存区域，然后执行⑵设置内存区域类型，并社区内存区域标签为栈。然后设置输出参数为任务栈大小，并返回用户栈空间的开始地址。

STATIC VOID *OsUserInitStackAlloc(LosProcessCB *processCB, UINT32 *size)
{
    LosVmMapRegion *region = NULL;
⑴  UINT32 stackSize = ALIGN(OS_USER_TASK_STACK_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);

    region = LOS_RegionAlloc(processCB->vmSpace, 0, stackSize,
                             VM_MAP_REGION_FLAG_PERM_USER | VM_MAP_REGION_FLAG_PERM_READ |
                             VM_MAP_REGION_FLAG_PERM_WRITE, 0);
    if (region == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

⑵  LOS_SetRegionTypeAnon(region);
    region->regionFlags |= VM_MAP_REGION_FLAG_STACK;

    *size = stackSize;

    return (VOID *)(UINTPTR)region->range.base;
}

3.3 用户进程初始化开启函数OsUserInitProcessStart

用户进程初始化开启函数OsUserInitProcessStart用于创建线程，设置调度策略等。⑴处为用户态进程创建个线程，然后为进程设置优先级。⑵处设置进程状态为非初始化状态，然后执行⑶为任务设置调度策略和优先级。

STATIC UINT32 OsUserInitProcessStart(LosProcessCB *processCB, TSK_INIT_PARAM_S *param)
{
    UINT32 intSave;
    INT32 ret;

⑴  UINT32 taskID = OsCreateUserTask(processCB->processID, param);
    if (taskID == OS_INVALID_VALUE) {
        return LOS_NOK;
    }

    ret = LOS_SetProcessPriority(processCB->processID, OS_PROCESS_USERINIT_PRIORITY);
    if (ret != LOS_OK) {
        PRINT_ERR("User init process set priority failed! ERROR:%d \n", ret);
        goto EXIT;
    }

    SCHEDULER_LOCK(intSave);
⑵  processCB->processStatus &= ~OS_PROCESS_STATUS_INIT;
    SCHEDULER_UNLOCK(intSave);

⑶  ret = LOS_SetTaskScheduler(taskID, LOS_SCHED_RR, OS_TASK_PRIORITY_LOWEST);
    if (ret != LOS_OK) {
        PRINT_ERR("User init process set scheduler failed! ERROR:%d \n", ret);
        goto EXIT;
    }

    return LOS_OK;

EXIT:
    (VOID)LOS_TaskDelete(taskID);
    return ret;
}

3.4 用户态进程初始化函数OsUserInitProcess

用户态进程初始化函数OsUserInitProcess完成用户态进程的初始化。⑴处获取用户态根进程，然后调用函数创建用户态根进程，并调用函数OsLoadUserInit加载用户初始化数据。⑵处初始化用户栈，然后设置线程的初始化参数，⑶处完成用户态进程的创建。

LITE_OS_SEC_TEXT_INIT UINT32 OsUserInitProcess(VOID)
{
    UINT32 ret;
    UINT32 size;
    TSK_INIT_PARAM_S param = { 0 };
    VOID *stack = NULL;

⑴  LosProcessCB *processCB = OS_PCB_FROM_PID(g_userInitProcess);
    ret = OsProcessCreateInit(processCB, OS_USER_MODE, "Init");
    if (ret != LOS_OK) {
        return ret;
    }

    ret = OsLoadUserInit(processCB);
    if (ret != LOS_OK) {
        goto ERROR;
    }

⑵  stack = OsUserInitStackAlloc(processCB, &size);
    if (stack == NULL) {
        PRINT_ERR("Alloc user init process user stack failed!\n");
        goto ERROR;
    }

    param.pfnTaskEntry = (TSK_ENTRY_FUNC)(CHAR *)&__user_init_entry;
    param.userParam.userSP = (UINTPTR)stack + size;
    param.userParam.userMapBase = (UINTPTR)stack;
    param.userParam.userMapSize = size;
    param.uwResved = OS_TASK_FLAG_PTHREAD_JOIN;
⑶  ret = OsUserInitProcessStart(processCB, &param);
    if (ret != LOS_OK) {
        (VOID)OsUnMMap(processCB->vmSpace, param.userParam.userMapBase, param.userParam.userMapSize);
        goto ERROR;
    }

    return LOS_OK;

ERROR:
    OsDeInitPCB(processCB);
    return ret;
}