LeetCode //C - 386. Lexicographical Numbers

386. Lexicographical Numbers

Given an integer n, return all the numbers in the range 1, n sorted in lexicographical order.

You must write an algorithm that runs in O(n) time and uses O(1) extra space.

Example 1:

Input: n = 13
Output: 1,10,11,12,13,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

Example 2:

Input: n = 2
Output: 1,2

Constraints:

• 1 < = n < = 5 ∗ 1 0 4 1 <= n <= 5 * 10^4 1<=n<=5∗104

From: LeetCode

Link: 386. Lexicographical Numbers

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Solution:

Ideas:

• Handling integers: If s doesn't start with a [, it's a single integer, so we parse it using atoi and return a NestedInteger containing that integer.
• Handling lists: We traverse through the string character by character.
  • When encountering [, we initialize a new NestedInteger and push the current one onto a stack if necessary.
  • When encountering ], we pop from the stack and add the current NestedInteger to the parent.
  • When encountering digits (or - for negative numbers), we parse the number and add it to the current list.
• Memory management: We use a stack to keep track of nested structures, and

Code:

/**
 * Note: The returned array must be malloced, assume caller calls free().
 */
void dfs(int current, int n, int* result, int* index) {
    // Add the current number to the result array
    result[(*index)++] = current;

    // Try to append digits (0-9) to the current number
    for (int i = 0; i <= 9; i++) {
        int next = current * 10 + i;
        if (next > n) {
            break; // Stop if the number exceeds n
        }
        dfs(next, n, result, index);
    }
}

int* lexicalOrder(int n, int* returnSize) {
    // Allocate memory for the result array
    int* result = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));
    int index = 0;

    // Perform DFS starting from 1 to 9
    for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++) {
        if (i > n) {
            break;
        }
        dfs(i, n, result, &index);
    }

    // Set the return size
    *returnSize = n;
    return result;
}