YOLO11改进 | 注意力机制 | 结合静态和动态上下文信息的注意力机制

💡💡💡 本专栏所有程序均经过测试，可成功执行💡💡💡

上下文Transformer（CoT）块是一种新颖的Transformer风格模块，用于视觉识别。它充分利用输入键之间的上下文信息来指导动态注意力矩阵的学习，从而加强了视觉表示的能力。CoT块首先通过3×3卷积对输入键进行上下文化编码，得到输入的静态上下文表示。然后，将编码后的键与输入查询连接起来，通过两个连续的1×1卷积来学习动态的多头注意力矩阵。最后，将静态和动态上下文表示的融合作为输出。文章在介绍主要的原理后，将手把手教学如何进行模块的代码添加和修改， 并将修改后的完整代码放在文章的最后， 方便大家一键运行**，小白也可轻松上手实践**。以帮助您更好地学习深度学习目标检测YOLO系列的挑战。

专栏地址：YOLO11入门 + 改进涨点------点击即可跳转欢迎订阅

1.论文

[2. 将CoTAttention添加到YOLO11中](#2. 将CoTAttention添加到YOLO11中)

[2.1 CoTAttention代码实现](#2.1 CoTAttention代码实现)

[2.2 更改init.py文件](#2.2 更改init.py文件)

[2.3 添加yaml文件](#2.3 添加yaml文件)

[2.4 在task.py中进行注册](#2.4 在task.py中进行注册)

[2.5 执行程序](#2.5 执行程序)

3.修改后的网络结构图

[4. 完整代码分享](#4. 完整代码分享)

[5. GFLOPs](#5. GFLOPs)

[6. 进阶](#6. 进阶)

7.总结

1.论文

论文地址： Contextual Transformer Networks for Visual Recognition------点击即可跳转

官方代码： 官方代码仓库------点击即可跳转

2. 将CoTAttention添加到YOLO11中

2.1 CoTAttention代码实现

**关键步骤一:**将下面代码粘贴到在/ultralytics/ultralytics/nn/modules/block.py中

python 复制代码

class CoTAttention(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, dim=512, kernel_size=3):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.kernel_size = kernel_size

        self.key_embed = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(dim, dim, kernel_size=kernel_size, padding=kernel_size // 2, groups=4, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(dim),
            nn.SiLU()
        )
        self.value_embed = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(dim, dim, 1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(dim)
        )

        factor = 4
        self.attention_embed = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(2 * dim, 2 * dim // factor, 1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(2 * dim // factor),
            nn.SiLU(),
            nn.Conv2d(2 * dim // factor, kernel_size * kernel_size * dim, 1)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        bs, c, h, w = x.shape
        k1 = self.key_embed(x)  # bs,c,h,w
        v = self.value_embed(x).view(bs, c, -1)  # bs,c,h,w

        y = torch.cat([k1, x], dim=1)  # bs,2c,h,w
        att = self.attention_embed(y)  # bs,c*k*k,h,w
        att = att.reshape(bs, c, self.kernel_size * self.kernel_size, h, w)
        att = att.mean(2, keepdim=False).view(bs, c, -1)  # bs,c,h*w
        k2 = F.softmax(att, dim=-1) * v
        k2 = k2.view(bs, c, h, w)

        return k1 + k2

2.2 更改init.py文件

**关键步骤二：**修改modules文件夹下的__init__.py文件，先导入函数

然后在下面的__all__中声明函数

2.3 添加yaml文件

**关键步骤三：**在/ultralytics/ultralytics/cfg/models/11下面新建文件yolo11_CoTA.yaml文件，粘贴下面的内容

目标检测

python 复制代码

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
  m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs

# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
  - [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10

# YOLO11n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
  - [ -1, 1, CoTAttention, [1024] ]

  - [[16, 19, 23], 1, Detect, [nc]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

语义分割

python 复制代码

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
  m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs

# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
  - [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10

# YOLO11n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
  - [ -1, 1, CoTAttention, [1024] ]

  - [[16, 19, 23], 1, Segment, [nc, 32, 256]] # Segment(P3, P4, P5)

旋转目标检测

python 复制代码

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
  m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs

# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
  - [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10

# YOLO11n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
  - [ -1, 1, CoTAttention, [1024] ]

  - [[16, 19, 23], 1, OBB, [nc, 1]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

温馨提示：本文只是对yolo11基础上添加模块，如果要对yolo11n/l/m/x进行添加则只需要指定对应的depth_multiple 和 width_multiple。

python 复制代码

# YOLO11n
depth_multiple: 0.50  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.25  # layer channel multiple
max_channel：1024
 
# YOLO11s
depth_multiple: 0.50  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50  # layer channel multiple
max_channel：1024
 
# YOLO11m
depth_multiple: 0.50  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.00  # layer channel multiple
max_channel：512
 
# YOLO11l 
depth_multiple: 1.00  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.00  # layer channel multiple
max_channel：512 
 
# YOLO11x
depth_multiple: 1.00  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.50 # layer channel multiple
max_channel：512

2.4 在task.py中进行注册

**关键步骤四：**在task.py的parse_model函数中进行注册，

先在task.py导入函数

然后在task.py文件下找到parse_model这个函数，如下图，添加CoTAttention

python 复制代码

elif m is CoTAttention:
            c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]
            if c2 != nc:
                c2 = make_divisible(min(c2, max_channels) * width, 8)
            args = [c1, *args[1:]]

2.5 执行程序

关键步骤五：在ultralytics文件中新建train.py，将model的参数路径设置为yolo11_CoTA.yaml的路径即可

python 复制代码

from ultralytics import YOLO
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
from pathlib import Path
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
 
    # 加载模型
    model = YOLO("ultralytics/cfg/11/yolo11.yaml")  # 你要选择的模型yaml文件地址
    # Use the model
    results = model.train(data=r"你的数据集的yaml文件地址",
                          epochs=100, batch=16, imgsz=640, workers=4, name=Path(model.cfg).stem)  # 训练模型

🚀运行程序，如果出现下面的内容则说明添加成功🚀

python 复制代码

                   from  n    params  module                                       arguments
  0                  -1  1       464  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [3, 16, 3, 2]
  1                  -1  1      4672  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [16, 32, 3, 2]
  2                  -1  1      6640  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [32, 64, 1, False, 0.25]
  3                  -1  1     36992  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [64, 64, 3, 2]
  4                  -1  1     26080  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [64, 128, 1, False, 0.25]
  5                  -1  1    147712  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [128, 128, 3, 2]
  6                  -1  1     87040  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [128, 128, 1, True]
  7                  -1  1    295424  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [128, 256, 3, 2]
  8                  -1  1    346112  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [256, 256, 1, True]
  9                  -1  1    164608  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.SPPF            [256, 256, 5]
 10                  -1  1    249728  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C2PSA           [256, 256, 1]
 11                  -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample         [None, 2, 'nearest']
 12             [-1, 6]  1         0  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat           [1]
 13                  -1  1    111296  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [384, 128, 1, False]
 14                  -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample         [None, 2, 'nearest']
 15             [-1, 4]  1         0  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat           [1]
 16                  -1  1     32096  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [256, 64, 1, False]
 17                  -1  1     36992  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [64, 64, 3, 2]
 18            [-1, 13]  1         0  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat           [1]
 19                  -1  1     86720  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [192, 128, 1, False]
 20                  -1  1    147712  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [128, 128, 3, 2]
 21            [-1, 10]  1         0  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat           [1]
 22                  -1  1    378880  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [384, 256, 1, True]
 23                  -1  1    577024  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.CoTAttention    [256]
 24        [16, 19, 23]  1    464912  ultralytics.nn.modules.head.Detect           [80, [64, 128, 256]]
YOLO11_CoTAttention summary: 332 layers, 3,201,104 parameters, 3,201,088 gradients, 7.1 GFLOPs

3.修改后的网络结构图

4. 完整代码分享

++这个后期补充吧~，先按照步骤来即可++

5. GFLOPs

关于GFLOPs的计算方式可以查看：百面算法工程师 | 卷积基础知识------Convolution

未改进的YOLO11n GFLOPs

改进后的GFLOPs

6. 进阶

可以与其他的注意力机制或者损失函数等结合，进一步提升检测效果

7.总结

通过以上的改进方法，我们成功提升了模型的表现。这只是一个开始，未来还有更多优化和技术深挖的空间。在这里，我想隆重向大家推荐我的专栏------《YOLO11改进有效涨点》。这个专栏专注于前沿的深度学习技术，特别是目标检测领域的最新进展，不仅包含对YOLO11的深入解析和改进策略，还会定期更新来自各大顶会（如CVPR、NeurIPS等）的论文复现和实战分享。

为什么订阅我的专栏？ ------《YOLO11改进有效涨点》

前沿技术解读：专栏不仅限于YOLO系列的改进，还会涵盖各类主流与新兴网络的最新研究成果，帮助你紧跟技术潮流。
详尽的实践分享 ：所有内容实践性也极强。每次更新都会附带代码和具体的改进步骤，保证每位读者都能迅速上手。
问题互动与答疑 ：订阅我的专栏后，你将可以随时向我提问，获取及时的答疑。
实时更新，紧跟行业动态：不定期发布来自全球顶会的最新研究方向和复现实验报告，让你时刻走在技术前沿。

专栏适合人群：

对目标检测、YOLO系列网络有深厚兴趣的同学
希望在用YOLO算法写论文的同学
对YOLO算法感兴趣的同学等