洪水灾害多智能体分布式模拟示例代码

1. 环境定义：支持灾害动态、地理数据和分布式架构

import numpy as np
import random
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 新疆主要城市及邻接关系
XINJIANG_CITIES = {
    'Urumqi': ['Changji', 'Shihezi'],
    'Changji': ['Urumqi', 'Shihezi', 'Turpan'],
    'Shihezi': ['Urumqi', 'Changji', 'Karamay'],
    'Karamay': ['Shihezi'],
    'Turpan': ['Changji']
}

CITY_COORDINATES = {
    'Urumqi': (43.8256, 87.6168),
    'Changji': (44.0169, 87.3082),
    'Shihezi': (44.3024, 86.0369),
    'Karamay': (45.5798, 84.8892),
    'Turpan': (42.9513, 89.1895)
}

class XinjiangFloodEnvironment:
    def __init__(self, cities, max_steps=50, disaster_spread_prob=0.3):
        """
        新疆多城市洪水灾害环境。
        参数:
        - cities: 城市及邻接关系字典。
        - max_steps: 每回合最大步数。
        - disaster_spread_prob: 灾害扩散概率。
        """
        self.cities = cities
        self.city_list = list(cities.keys())
        self.num_cities = len(self.city_list)
        self.max_steps = max_steps
        self.disaster_spread_prob = disaster_spread_prob
        self.reset()

    def reset(self):
        """ 重置环境，初始化灾害和资源分布。 """
        self.steps = 0
        self.disaster_status = {city: 0 for city in self.city_list}  # 灾害状态：0为无灾，1为灾害中
        self.resource_status = {city: 5 for city in self.city_list}  # 每城市初始资源
        disaster_city = random.choice(self.city_list)
        self.disaster_status[disaster_city] = 1  # 随机选择灾害城市
        return self._get_state()

    def _get_state(self):
        """ 获取当前状态，包含灾害和资源信息。 """
        return {
            'disaster_status': self.disaster_status,
            'resource_status': self.resource_status
        }

    def _spread_disaster(self):
        """ 模拟灾害扩散。 """
        new_disaster_status = self.disaster_status.copy()
        for city, status in self.disaster_status.items():
            if status == 1:  # 当前城市有灾害
                for neighbor in self.cities[city]:
                    if random.random() < self.disaster_spread_prob:
                        new_disaster_status[neighbor] = 1
        self.disaster_status = new_disaster_status

    def step(self, actions):
        """
        执行动作。
        参数:
        - actions: 每个城市的动作字典 {city: allocated_resources}。
        返回:
        - 下一状态
        - 总奖励
        - 是否结束
        """
        total_reward = 0

        for city, allocated_resources in actions.items():
            if self.disaster_status[city] == 1:  # 如果该城市有灾害
                if allocated_resources > 0:
                    self.resource_status[city] -= allocated_resources
                    if self.resource_status[city] < 0:  # 资源不能为负
                        allocated_resources += self.resource_status[city]
                        self.resource_status[city] = 0
                    self.disaster_status[city] = 0  # 灾害解决
                    total_reward += 10  # 成功解决灾害
                else:
                    total_reward -= 5  # 未响应灾害的惩罚

        self.steps += 1
        if self.steps >= self.max_steps or sum(self.disaster_status.values()) == 0:
            return self._get_state(), total_reward, True  # 所有灾害解决或步数结束

        # 更新灾害状态（灾害扩散）
        self._spread_disaster()

        return self._get_state(), total_reward, False  # 继续运行

    def render(self):
        """ 可视化当前环境状态。 """
        disaster_cities = [city for city, status in self.disaster_status.items() if status == 1]
        print(f"Step {self.steps}:")
        print(f"Disaster Cities: {disaster_cities}")
        print(f"Resource Status: {self.resource_status}")
        plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
        for city, (lat, lon) in CITY_COORDINATES.items():
            plt.scatter(lon, lat, color='blue' if city in self.resource_status else 'red', s=100)
            plt.text(lon, lat, city, fontsize=10)
        plt.xlabel("Longitude")
        plt.ylabel("Latitude")
        plt.title("Xinjiang Flood Simulation")
        plt.show()

---

2. 分布式多智能体实现

class DistributedAgent:
    def __init__(self, city, action_size):
        """
        分布式智能体。
        参数:
        - city: 智能体负责的城市。
        - action_size: 动作空间大小。
        """
        self.city = city
        self.action_size = action_size
        self.epsilon = 1.0  # 探索概率
        self.epsilon_decay = 0.995
        self.epsilon_min = 0.01

    def act(self, state, available_resources):
        """ 基于当前状态和资源选择动作。 """
        if np.random.rand() <= self.epsilon:
            return random.randint(0, available_resources)  # 随机分配资源
        return available_resources  # 简化决策：全分配

    def update_epsilon(self):
        """ 衰减探索概率。 """
        if self.epsilon > self.epsilon_min:
            self.epsilon *= self.epsilon_decay

---

3. 动态奖励函数

def calculate_reward(disaster_map, response_time, resources_used, weights):
    """
    计算动态奖励。
    参数:
    - disaster_map: 当前灾害状态。
    - response_time: 当前响应时间。
    - resources_used: 当前使用的资源量。
    - weights: 奖励函数的权重 (dict)。
    返回:
    - reward: 总奖励值。
    """
    covered_disasters = disaster_map.sum()  # 未解决的灾害数量
    return (
        weights['covered'] * (1 - covered_disasters) -
        weights['time'] * response_time -
        weights['resources'] * resources_used
    )

---

4. 主训练循环

if __name__ == "__main__":
    env = XinjiangFloodEnvironment(XINJIANG_CITIES)  # 初始化环境
    agents = {city: DistributedAgent(city, 5) for city in XINJIANG_CITIES.keys()}  # 每城市一个智能体

    episodes = 100  # 训练轮次
    for e in range(episodes):
        state = env.reset()  # 重置环境
        total_reward = 0

        while True:
            actions = {}
            for city, agent in agents.items():
                available_resources = state['resource_status'][city]
                actions[city] = agent.act(state, available_resources)  # 每个智能体选择动作

            next_state, reward, done = env.step(actions)  # 执行动作
            total_reward += reward

            if done:
                print(f"Episode {e+1}/{episodes}, Total Reward: {total_reward}")
                env.render()
                break

            state = next_state

        # 更新每个智能体的探索概率
        for agent in agents.values():
            agent.update_epsilon()

---

功能扩展与总结

1. 灾害动态扩展：

   • 灾害通过邻接城市扩散。
   • 动态更新灾害状态，提升模拟真实性。

2. 多智能体分布式协作：

   • 每个智能体管理自己城市的资源。
   • 集中式奖励计算与全局决策评估。

3. 动态奖励函数：

   • 同时优化响应时间、资源成本和覆盖范围。

4. 新疆地理数据支持：

   • 模拟新疆主要城市及其邻接关系。
   • 地理坐标可视化，帮助分析决策动态。