前言
本文基于Api13。
关于权限相关的知识点，陆陆续续分享了三篇了，也在前边的文章中关于权限的状态获取，以及权限的申请也做了原生代码的案例分享，本篇文章，我们把权限授权封装一下，便于在实际的开发中灵活的使用。
对于权限授权的封装，主要的功能点有，获取当前权限的状态，也就是是否已经授权；以及主动的申请权限授权，也就是弹出系统的权限申请弹窗；除了以上的两个功能之外，当用户拒绝了权限，是否提示系统设置页面开启权限，也需要封装一下。
权限列表
权限列表是我们向用户申请的权限组，比如你要拍照，就需要申请相机权限，在前边的案例中，有过概述，但是每个权限都是一个很长的字符串，虽然代码中有联想功能，但是管理起来不太方便，所以，这里，针对权限列表，单独做了一个常量管理类，便于后续的使用。
| 权限 | 概述 |
|---|---|
| ohos.permission.ACCESS_BLUETOOTH | 允许应用接入蓝牙并使用蓝牙能力，例如配对、连接外围设备等 |
| ohos.permission.MEDIA_LOCATION | 允许应用访问用户媒体文件中的地理位置信息 |
| ohos.permission.APP_TRACKING_CONSENT | 允许应用读取开放匿名设备标识符 |
| ohos.permission.ACTIVITY_MOTION | 允许应用读取用户的运动状态 |
| ohos.permission.CAMERA | 允许应用使用相机 |
| ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC | 允许不同设备间的数据交换 |
| ohos.permission.LOCATION_IN_BACKGROUND | 允许应用在后台运行时获取设备位置信息 |
| ohos.permission.LOCATION | 允许应用获取设备位置信息 |
| ohos.permission.APPROXIMATELY_LOCATION | 允许应用获取设备模糊位置信息 |
| ohos.permission.MICROPHONE | 允许应用使用麦克风 |
| ohos.permission.READ_CALENDAR | 允许应用读取日历信息 |
| ohos.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR | 允许应用添加、移除或更改日历活动。 |
| ohos.permission.READ_HEALTH_DATA | 允许应用读取用户的健康数据 |
| ohos.permission.ACCESS_NEARLINK | 允许应用接入星闪并使用星闪能力，例如配对、连接外围设备等 |
权限常量类
主要把常用的权限，生成对应的常量，在调用的时候，直接使用这个常量即可。
TypeScript
import { Permissions } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
/**
*AUTHOR:AbnerMing
*DATE:2025/3/15
*INTRODUCE:权限列表
*/
export class PermissionsConstant {
static CAMERA: Permissions = "ohos.permission.CAMERA"
static ACCESS_BLUETOOTH: Permissions = "ohos.permission.ACCESS_BLUETOOTH"
static MEDIA_LOCATION: Permissions = "ohos.permission.MEDIA_LOCATION"
static APP_TRACKING_CONSENT: Permissions = "ohos.permission.APP_TRACKING_CONSENT"
static ACTIVITY_MOTION: Permissions = "ohos.permission.ACTIVITY_MOTION"
static DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC: Permissions = "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"
static LOCATION_IN_BACKGROUND: Permissions = "ohos.permission.LOCATION_IN_BACKGROUND"
static LOCATION: Permissions = "ohos.permission.LOCATION"
static APPROXIMATELY_LOCATION: Permissions = "ohos.permission.APPROXIMATELY_LOCATION"
static MICROPHONE: Permissions = "ohos.permission.MICROPHONE"
static READ_CALENDAR: Permissions = "ohos.permission.READ_CALENDAR"
static READ_HEALTH_DATA: Permissions = "ohos.permission.READ_HEALTH_DATA"
static ACCESS_NEARLINK: Permissions = "ohos.permission.ACCESS_NEARLINK"
}权限管理
权限管理，包含了三个功能，分别是，权限状态检查，权限申请，和二次权限验证提示，目前简单封装了常见的调用方式，也提供了异步和可同步的调用方式。
TypeScript
import { abilityAccessCtrl, bundleManager, Permissions } from "@kit.AbilityKit"
/**
*AUTHOR:AbnerMing
*DATE:2025/3/15
*INTRODUCE:权限管理工具
*/
export class PermissionsUtil {
private constructor() {
}
private static mPermissionsUtil: PermissionsUtil
public static get(): PermissionsUtil {
if (PermissionsUtil.mPermissionsUtil == undefined) {
PermissionsUtil.mPermissionsUtil = new PermissionsUtil()
}
return PermissionsUtil.mPermissionsUtil
}
/**
*AUTHOR:AbnerMing
*INTRODUCE:检查并请求权限
*/
checkRequestPermission(permissions: Permissions[], success: () => void, error?: () => void) {
if (!this.checkPermissions(permissions)) {
this.requestPermission(permissions, () => {
success()
}, () => {
this.requestPermissionOnSetting(permissions, () => {
success()
}, error)
})
} else {
success()
}
}
/**
*AUTHOR:AbnerMing
*INTRODUCE:检查并请求权限
*/
async checkRequestPermissionPromise(permissions: Permissions[]): Promise<boolean> {
if (!this.checkPermissions(permissions)) {
let isBool = await this.requestPermissionPromise(permissions)
if (isBool) {
return true
}
let isSetting = await this.requestPermissionOnSettingPromise(permissions)
if (isSetting) {
return true
}
return false
} else {
return true
}
}
/**
*AUTHOR:AbnerMing
*INTRODUCE:检查用户权限，单个权限
*/
checkPermission(permission: Permissions): boolean {
let grantStatus = this.getGrantStatus(permission)
if (grantStatus == abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//已有权限
return true
} else {
//没有权限
return false
}
}
/**
*AUTHOR:AbnerMing
*INTRODUCE:检查用户权限，多个权限,一个没权限，都没权限
*/
checkPermissions(permissions: Permissions[]): boolean {
let isPermissions = true
permissions.forEach((item) => {
let grantStatus = this.getGrantStatus(item)
if (grantStatus != abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
isPermissions = false
}
})
return isPermissions
}
/**
*AUTHOR:AbnerMing
*INTRODUCE:检查用户权限，多个权限,返回没有权限的数组
*/
checkPermissionList(permissions: Permissions[]): Permissions[] {
let permissionArray: Permissions[] = []
permissions.forEach((item) => {
let grantStatus = this.getGrantStatus(item)
if (grantStatus != abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionArray.push(item)
}
})
return permissionArray
}
/**
*AUTHOR:AbnerMing
*INTRODUCE:权限申请
*/
requestPermission(permissions: Permissions[],
success: () => void, error?: (permissionArray: string[]) => void) {
this.getAtManager().requestPermissionsFromUser(getContext(), permissions)
.then((data) => {
let grantStatus: Array<number> = data.authResults
let tempPermissionList: Permissions[] = []
for (let i = 0; i < grantStatus.length; i++) {
if (grantStatus[i] != 0) {
tempPermissionList.push(permissions[i])
}
}
if (tempPermissionList.length == 0) {
success()
} else {
if (error != undefined) {
error(tempPermissionList)
}
}
})
}
/**
*AUTHOR:AbnerMing
*INTRODUCE:权限申请
*/
async requestPermissionPromise(permissions: Permissions[]): Promise<boolean> {
let result = await this.getAtManager().requestPermissionsFromUser(getContext(), permissions)
let grantStatus: Array<number> = result.authResults
let tempPermissionList: Permissions[] = []
for (let i = 0; i < grantStatus.length; i++) {
if (grantStatus[i] != 0) {
tempPermissionList.push(permissions[i])
}
}
if (tempPermissionList.length == 0) {
return true
} else {
return false
}
}
/**
*AUTHOR:AbnerMing
*INTRODUCE:二次向用户申请授权
*/
requestPermissionOnSetting(permissions: Array<Permissions>,
success: () => void, error?: () => void) {
abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager().requestPermissionOnSetting(getContext(), permissions)
.then((data: Array<abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus>) => {
let isPermissions = true
data.forEach((status) => {
if (status != abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//没有权限
isPermissions = false
}
})
if (isPermissions) {
success()
} else {
if (error != undefined) {
error()
}
}
})
}
/**
*AUTHOR:AbnerMing
*INTRODUCE:二次向用户申请授权
*/
async requestPermissionOnSettingPromise(permissions: Array<Permissions>): Promise<boolean> {
let result = await abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager().requestPermissionOnSetting(getContext(), permissions)
let isPermissions = true
result.forEach((status) => {
if (status != abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//没有权限
isPermissions = false
}
})
if (isPermissions) {
return true
} else {
return false
}
}
/**
*AUTHOR:AbnerMing
*INTRODUCE:校验应用是否被授予权限
*/
getGrantStatus(permissionName: Permissions): abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus {
let atManager: abilityAccessCtrl.AtManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager()
// 获取应用程序的accessTokenID
let bundleInfo = bundleManager.getBundleInfoForSelfSync(bundleManager.BundleFlag.GET_BUNDLE_INFO_WITH_APPLICATION)
let appInfo: bundleManager.ApplicationInfo = bundleInfo.appInfo
let tokenId: number = appInfo.accessTokenId
//检查权限状态
let grantStatus = atManager.checkAccessTokenSync(tokenId, permissionName)
return grantStatus
}
private getAtManager(): abilityAccessCtrl.AtManager {
return abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager()
}
}代码调用
异步权限申请
TypeScript
PermissionsUtil.get().checkRequestPermission([PermissionsConstant.CAMERA], () => {
console.log("======有权限")
}, () => {
console.log("======拒绝了权限")
})可同步方式权限申请
TypeScript
private async checkPermission() {
let isPermission = await PermissionsUtil.get().checkRequestPermissionPromise([PermissionsConstant.CAMERA])
if (isPermission) {
console.log("======有权限")
} else {
console.log("======拒绝了权限")
}
}以上的代码，如果没有权限，会直接弹出权限申请的系统弹窗，拒绝之后，会进行二次权限申请。
相关总结
关于权限，算上本章内容已经阐述了四个章节了，从相关的概念到，权限管理的授权方式，再到申请权限，直至最后的权限工具类封装，基本上涵盖了七七八八，希望可以帮助到大家。