OC—UI学习-2 - 技术栈

导航控制器和导航工具栏

导航控制器

UINAvigationController与UIViewController的关系

UIViewController是什么？

它是一个普通的视图控制器，负责管理一个页面

UINavigationController是什么？

它是一个容器控制器，专门用来管理一组UIviewController的堆栈结构

UINavigationController是iOS中用于管理一系列视图控制器（UIViewController）的容器控制器

它提供了：

层级导航：类似于网页中的前进、后退

导航栏：顶部的标题区域，包含返回按钮、标题、右边的按钮

push/pop动画

他们之间的关系？

UINavigationController是一个特殊的UIViewController，内部维护了一个控制器栈

在创建一个UIViewController子类的时候，系统会自动声明一个只读的UINavigationController属性

导航控制器：UINavigationController

导航栏：navigationBar

导航栏引入项：UINavigationItem

导航栈：viewControllers

在导航控制器中也控制一个视图控制器，每个视图控制器中对应一个导航引入项，导航引入项就是显示在导航栏上的内容，包括leftBarButton（导航栏左侧按钮）、titleView（导航栏中间标题）、rightBarButton（导航栏右侧按钮）

继承关系：NSObject -> UIrespounder -> UIViewController -> UINavigationController

管理多个视图的控制器（UIViewController）的栈式导航
提供默认的返回按钮（Back Button ）和导航栏（UINavigationBar）
初始化并设置根视图控制器

objectivec 复制代码

//创建视图控制器
VCRoot* rootVC = [[VCRoot alloc] init];
//将视图控制器赋给导航控制器
UINavigationController* nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:rootVC];
//将导航控制器设为窗口的根视图控制器
self.window.rootViewController = nav;

push操作

objectivec 复制代码

// 在当前控制器中创建下一级控制器（例如：VCSecond）
VCSecond *secondVC = [[VCSecond alloc] init];
// 设置跳转时的过渡动画（默认 YES）
[self.navigationController pushViewController:secondVC animated:YES];

pop操作
1. popViewControllerAnimated:：返回上一级（当前控制器出栈）

objectivec 复制代码

[self.navigationController popViewControllerAnimated:YES];

2. popToRootViewControllerAnimated:：直接返回根控制器（栈中所有中间控制器出栈）

objectivec 复制代码

[self.navigationController popToRootViewControllerAnimated:YES];

3. popToViewController:animated:：返回指定的控制器（需传入控制器实例）

objectivec 复制代码

VCRoot *rootVC = [self.navigationController.viewControllers firstObject];
[self.navigationController popToViewController:rootVC animated:YES];

VCRoot:

objectivec 复制代码

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface VCRoot : UIViewController

@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

objectivec 复制代码

#import "VCRoot.h"
#import "VCSecond.h"
@interface VCRoot ()

@end

@implementation VCRoot

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    /*
     barStyle:导航栏风格颜色
     barTintColor:导航栏颜色
     tintColor:导航栏风格颜色
     toolbarItems:工具栏元素数组
     UIBarItemFlexibleSpace:自动调整按钮距离
     */
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    /*
    设置导航栏文字内容
     */
    self.title = @"根视图";

    // 创建外观配置
    UINavigationBarAppearance *appearance = [[UINavigationBarAppearance alloc] init];

    // 设置背景图片
    UIImage *bgImage = [UIImage imageNamed:@"photo04.jpg"];
    appearance.backgroundImage = bgImage;

    // 隐藏阴影线
    //appearance.shadowImage = [UIImage new];
    //appearance.shadowColor = nil;

    // 应用外观配置
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.standardAppearance = appearance;
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.scrollEdgeAppearance = appearance;

    //appearance.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    //appearance.shadowImage = [UIImage new];
    //appearance.shadowColor = nil;
    
    
    
    /*
    设置导航元素项的标题，它和上一条的区别是
    如果没有设置navigationItem的title，为nil，系统会自动使用self.title作为标题
    如果两个都为nil则没有标题
     */
    self.navigationItem.title = @"title";
    UIBarButtonItem* leftbutton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"左侧" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:self action:@selector(pressleft)];
    self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = leftbutton;
    /*
    UIBarButtonItem* rightbutton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"右侧" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:self action:@selector(pressright)];
     */
    UIBarButtonItem* rightbutton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"进入下一级" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:self action:@selector(pressright)];
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = rightbutton;
    
    UIImageView* imageview = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
    imageview.frame = [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds];
    imageview.alpha = 1;
    imageview.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"photo02.jpg"];
    [self.view insertSubview:imageview atIndex:0];
    
    UILabel* label = [[UILabel alloc] init];
    label.frame = CGRectMake(10, 10, 50, 40);
    label.text = @"test";
    label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
    label.textColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    UIBarButtonItem* item3 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithCustomView:label];
    NSArray* arrayofbutton = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:rightbutton,item3, nil];
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItems = arrayofbutton;
    
    
    //隐藏导航栏的两个方法
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.hidden = NO;//继承与UIView
    self.navigationController.navigationBarHidden = NO;//属性
   
}

- (void)pressleft {
    NSLog(@"leftbutton is pressed");
}

- (void)pressright {
    NSLog(@"rightbutton is pressed");
}

在SceneDelegate中创建根视图与导航控制器

objectivec 复制代码

#import "SceneDelegate.h"
#import "VCRoot.h"
@interface SceneDelegate ()

@end

@implementation SceneDelegate


- (void)scene:(UIScene *)scene willConnectToSession:(UISceneSession *)session options:(UISceneConnectionOptions *)connectionOptions {
    // Use this method to optionally configure and attach the UIWindow `window` to the provided UIWindowScene `scene`.
    // If using a storyboard, the `window` property will automatically be initialized and attached to the scene.
    // This delegate does not imply the connecting scene or session are new (see `application:configurationForConnectingSceneSession` instead).
    self.window.frame = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds;
    VCRoot* root = [[VCRoot alloc] init];
    UINavigationController* nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:root];
    self.window.rootViewController = nav;
    [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
    
}


- (void)sceneDidDisconnect:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene is being released by the system.
    // This occurs shortly after the scene enters the background, or when its session is discarded.
    // Release any resources associated with this scene that can be re-created the next time the scene connects.
    // The scene may re-connect later, as its session was not necessarily discarded (see `application:didDiscardSceneSessions` instead).
}


- (void)sceneDidBecomeActive:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called when the scene has moved from an inactive state to an active state.
    // Use this method to restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) when the scene was inactive.
}


- (void)sceneWillResignActive:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called when the scene will move from an active state to an inactive state.
    // This may occur due to temporary interruptions (ex. an incoming phone call).
}


- (void)sceneWillEnterForeground:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene transitions from the background to the foreground.
    // Use this method to undo the changes made on entering the background.
}


- (void)sceneDidEnterBackground:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene transitions from the foreground to the background.
    // Use this method to save data, release shared resources, and store enough scene-specific state information
    // to restore the scene back to its current state.
}

@end

导航控制器切换

navigationBar：导航栏对象
navigationItem：导航元素项对象
translucent：导航栏透明度
pushViewController：推入视图控制器
popViewController：弹出视图控制器

根视图：

objectivec 复制代码

#import "VCRoot.h"
#import "VCSecond.h"
@interface VCRoot ()

@end

@implementation VCRoot

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    /*
     barStyle:导航栏风格颜色
     barTintColor:导航栏颜色
     tintColor:导航栏风格颜色
     toolbarItems:工具栏元素数组
     UIBarItemFlexibleSpace:自动调整按钮距离
     */
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    /*
    设置导航栏文字内容
     */
    self.title = @"根视图";

    // 创建外观配置
    UINavigationBarAppearance *appearance = [[UINavigationBarAppearance alloc] init];

    // 设置背景图片
    UIImage *bgImage = [UIImage imageNamed:@"photo04.jpg"];
    appearance.backgroundImage = bgImage;

    // 隐藏阴影线
    //appearance.shadowImage = [UIImage new];
    //appearance.shadowColor = nil;

    // 应用外观配置
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.standardAppearance = appearance;
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.scrollEdgeAppearance = appearance;

    //appearance.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    //appearance.shadowImage = [UIImage new];
    //appearance.shadowColor = nil;
    
    
    
    /*
    设置导航元素项的标题，它和上一条的区别是
    如果没有设置navigationItem的title，为nil，系统会自动使用self.title作为标题
    如果两个都为nil则没有标题
     */
    self.navigationItem.title = @"title";
    UIBarButtonItem* leftbutton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"左侧" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:self action:@selector(pressleft)];
    self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = leftbutton;
    /*
    UIBarButtonItem* rightbutton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"右侧" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:self action:@selector(pressright)];
     */
    UIBarButtonItem* rightbutton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"进入下一级" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:self action:@selector(pressright)];
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = rightbutton;
    
    UIImageView* imageview = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
    imageview.frame = [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds];
    imageview.alpha = 1;
    imageview.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"photo02.jpg"];
    [self.view insertSubview:imageview atIndex:0];
    
    UILabel* label = [[UILabel alloc] init];
    label.frame = CGRectMake(10, 10, 50, 40);
    label.text = @"test";
    label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
    label.textColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    UIBarButtonItem* item3 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithCustomView:label];
    NSArray* arrayofbutton = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:rightbutton,item3, nil];
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItems = arrayofbutton;
    
    
    //隐藏导航栏的两个方法
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.hidden = NO;//继承与UIView
    self.navigationController.navigationBarHidden = NO;//属性 
}


- (void)pressleft {
    NSLog(@"leftbutton is pressed");
}

- (void)pressright {
    VCSecond* vc2 = [[VCSecond alloc] init];
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:vc2 animated: YES];
}

/*
#pragma mark - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/

@end

第二个视图

objectivec 复制代码

#import "VCSecond.h"
#import "VCThird.h"
@interface VCSecond ()

@end

@implementation VCSecond

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    UIImageView* imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
    imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"photo01.jpg"];
    imageView.frame = [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds];
    [self.view insertSubview:imageView atIndex:0];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    //默认透明度为yes：可透明的
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.translucent = YES;
    //设置导航控制栏风格，默认为Default
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.barStyle = UIBarStyleDefault;
    self.title = @"视图二";
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"下一个视图" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(pressright)];
    self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"上一个视图" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(pressleft)];
}

- (void)pressright {
    VCThird* vc3 = [[VCThird alloc] init];
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:vc3 animated:YES];
}

- (void)pressleft {
    [self.navigationController popViewControllerAnimated:YES];
}
/*
#pragma mark - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/

@end

第三个视图

objectivec 复制代码

#import "VCThird.h"
#import "VCRoot.h"
#import "VCSecond.h"
@interface VCThird ()

@end

@implementation VCThird

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    UIImageView* imageview = [UIImageView new];
    imageview.frame = [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds];
    imageview.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"photo05.jpg"];
    [self.view insertSubview:imageview atIndex:0];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    self.navigationItem.title = @"视图三";
    self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"上一级页面" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(pressleft)];
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"回到主页面" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(pressright)];
    
}

- (void)pressleft {
    [self.navigationController popViewControllerAnimated:YES];
}

- (void)pressright {
    [self.navigationController popToRootViewControllerAnimated:YES];
}
/*
#pragma mark - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/

@end

SceneDelegate.m:

objectivec 复制代码

#import "SceneDelegate.h"
#import "VCRoot.h"
@interface SceneDelegate ()

@end

@implementation SceneDelegate


- (void)scene:(UIScene *)scene willConnectToSession:(UISceneSession *)session options:(UISceneConnectionOptions *)connectionOptions {
    // Use this method to optionally configure and attach the UIWindow `window` to the provided UIWindowScene `scene`.
    // If using a storyboard, the `window` property will automatically be initialized and attached to the scene.
    // This delegate does not imply the connecting scene or session are new (see `application:configurationForConnectingSceneSession` instead).
    self.window.frame = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds;
    VCRoot* root = [[VCRoot alloc] init];
    UINavigationController* nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:root];
    self.window.rootViewController = nav;
    [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
    
}


- (void)sceneDidDisconnect:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene is being released by the system.
    // This occurs shortly after the scene enters the background, or when its session is discarded.
    // Release any resources associated with this scene that can be re-created the next time the scene connects.
    // The scene may re-connect later, as its session was not necessarily discarded (see `application:didDiscardSceneSessions` instead).
}


- (void)sceneDidBecomeActive:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called when the scene has moved from an inactive state to an active state.
    // Use this method to restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) when the scene was inactive.
}


- (void)sceneWillResignActive:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called when the scene will move from an active state to an inactive state.
    // This may occur due to temporary interruptions (ex. an incoming phone call).
}


- (void)sceneWillEnterForeground:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene transitions from the background to the foreground.
    // Use this method to undo the changes made on entering the background.
}


- (void)sceneDidEnterBackground:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene transitions from the foreground to the background.
    // Use this method to save data, release shared resources, and store enough scene-specific state information
    // to restore the scene back to its current state.
}


@end

导航工具栏：

在OC中，设置导航栏的风格颜色等样式，只要通过UINavigationBar的属性或UINavigationBarAppearance来实现

barStyle：导航栏风格
barTintColor：导航栏颜色
tintColor：导航栏风格颜色
toolBarItems：工具栏元素数组
UIBarItemFlexibleSpace：自动调整距离按钮

设置导航栏背景颜色(通过barTintColor)

objective-c 复制代码

// 方式 1：直接修改当前导航栏（推荐在视图控制器中使用）
self.navigationController.navigationBar.barTintColor = [UIColor yellowColor];

// 方式 2：全局设置（所有导航栏生效，推荐在 AppDelegate 中使用）
[[UINavigationBar appearance] setBarTintColor:[UIColor yellowColor]];

设置导航栏标题样式（通过titleTextAttributes配置颜色、字体等）

objectivec 复制代码

// 方式 1：修改当前导航栏
NSDictionary *titleAttrs = @{
    NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor],  // 标题颜色
    NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:18]  // 标题字体
};
[self.navigationController.navigationBar setTitleTextAttributes:titleAttrs];

// 方式 2：全局设置
[[UINavigationBar appearance] setTitleTextAttributes:titleAttrs];

设置导航栏按钮颜色（通过tintColor统一控制导航栏按钮的颜色

objectivec 复制代码

// 方式 1：修改当前导航栏
self.navigationController.navigationBar.tintColor = [UIColor blueColor];

// 方式 2：全局设置
[[UINavigationBar appearance] setTintColor:[UIColor blueColor]];

隐藏导航栏底部阴影线（默认存在一条分割线）

objectivec 复制代码

// 方式 1：使用 shadowImage
[self.navigationController.navigationBar setBackgroundImage:[UIImage new] forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
[self.navigationController.navigationBar setShadowImage:[UIImage new]];

// 方式 2：iOS 13+ 推荐用 UINavigationBarAppearance
if (@available(iOS 13.0, *)) {
    UINavigationBarAppearance *appearance = [[UINavigationBarAppearance alloc] init];
    appearance.shadowColor = nil;  // 隐藏阴影线
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.standardAppearance = appearance;
}

UINavigationBarAppearance可更细粒度控制导航栏样式，支持标准状态和滚动状态的差异化设置

全局设置（AppleDelegate中）

objectivec 复制代码

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
    if (@available(iOS 13.0, *)) {
        UINavigationBarAppearance *appearance = [[UINavigationBarAppearance alloc] init];
        
        // 1. 设置背景
        appearance.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];  // 背景色
        
        // 2. 设置标题
        appearance.titleTextAttributes = @{
           
        };
        
        // 3. 隐藏阴影线
        appearance.shadowColor = nil;
        
        // 4. 应用到所有导航栏
        UINavigationBar *navBar = [UINavigationBar appearance];
        navBar.standardAppearance = appearance;         // 标准状态
        navBar.scrollEdgeAppearance = appearance;       // 滚动到顶部时的状态
    }
    return YES;
}

局部配置

objectivec 复制代码

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];   
    if (@available(iOS 13.0, *)) {
        UINavigationBarAppearance *appearance = [[UINavigationBarAppearance alloc] init];
        appearance.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
        appearance.titleTextAttributes = @{
            NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor]
        };
        
        // 应用到当前导航栏
        self.navigationController.navigationBar.standardAppearance = appearance;
        self.navigationController.navigationBar.scrollEdgeAppearance = appearance;
    }
}

自定义配置

objectivec 复制代码

// 在 viewDidLoad 中
UIView *customTitleView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 120, 30)];

// 添加标题文字
UILabel *titleLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:customTitleView.bounds];
titleLabel.text = @"Custom Title";
titleLabel.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:17];
titleLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
[customTitleView addSubview:titleLabel];

// 添加标题图片
UIImageView *titleImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 20, 20)];
titleImageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"logo"];
[customTitleView addSubview:titleImageView];

// 设置到导航栏
self.navigationItem.titleView = customTitleView;

常见问题：
- 导航栏颜色不生效：检查是否开启了半透明效果，需要关闭
- 如何让导航栏延伸到状态栏？

objectivec 复制代码

 // 在视图控制器中
  self.edgesForExtendedLayout = UIRectEdgeTop;  // 视图延伸到导航栏下方
  self.extendedLayoutIncludesOpaqueBars = YES;  // 包含不透明的导航栏

self.edgesForExtendedLayout = UIRectEdgeTop;

控制视图控制器的根视图可以延伸到屏幕的哪些边缘
默认是全部，如果导航栏是半透明的，会看到视图与导航栏重合

self.extendedLayoutIncludesOpaqueBars = YES;

决定延伸布局是否包含不透明的导航栏与工具栏
默认NO：如果导航栏不透明，根视图会从导航栏底部开始布局

objectivec 复制代码

#import "VCRoot.h"
#import "SecondVC.h"
 
@interface VCRoot ()
 
@end
 
@implementation VCRoot
 
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
   
    self.title = @"根视图";
          
    UIBarButtonItem *btn = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle: @"右侧按钮" style: UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target: self action: nil];
          
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = btn;
 
    //UIBarAppearance是iOS13后推出的一个对相应空间设置外观样式的类，可以统一配置NavigationBar、TabBar、ToolBar等的外观样式
    //UINavigationBarAppearance可以设置导航栏对象的外观样式
    //创建一个UINavigationBarAppearance对象
    UINavigationBarAppearance *appearance = [[UINavigationBarAppearance alloc] init];
    //设置该对象的背景颜色
    appearance.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    //创建该对象的阴影图像
    appearance.shadowImage = [[UIImage alloc] init];
    //设置该对象的阴影颜色
    appearance.shadowColor = nil;
   
    //设置导航栏按钮的颜色
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.tintColor = [UIColor purpleColor];
    
    //设置普通样式导航栏
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.standardAppearance = appearance;
    //设置滚动样式导航栏
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.scrollEdgeAppearance = appearance;
    
    //隐藏导航栏的两个方法
    //1、下面这一条的hidden是继承于UIView的
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.hidden = NO;
    //2、下面这一条的navigationBarHidden是一个属性
    self.navigationController.navigationBarHidden = NO;
    
    //显示工具栏对象
    //隐藏工具栏，默认为YES：即隐藏；NO：不隐藏
    self.navigationController.toolbarHidden = NO;
    //设置工具栏是否透明，默认为YES：半透明
    self.navigationController.toolbar.translucent = NO;
    
    
    UIBarButtonItem *btn1 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle: @"left" style: UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target: nil action: nil];
    UIBarButtonItem *btn2 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle: @"right" style: UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target: self action: @selector(pressBack)];
    
    //设置一个自定义类型的button,使用图片创建
    UIButton *btnC = [UIButton buttonWithType: UIButtonTypeCustom];
    [btnC setImage: [UIImage imageNamed: @"btnC.jpg"] forState: UIControlStateNormal];
    btnC.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 60, 60);
    
    UIBarButtonItem *btn3 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithCustomView: btnC];
    
    //设置一个占位按钮，放到数组中可以用来分隔开各按钮
    //设置宽度固定的占位按钮,注：此处方法名为UIBarButtonSystemItemFixedSpace（FixedSpace！！！！！）
    UIBarButtonItem *btnF1 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem: UIBarButtonSystemItemFixedSpace target: nil action: nil];
    btnF1.width = 110;
    
    //设置自动计算宽度的占位按钮，注：此处方法名为UIBarButtonSystemItemFlexibleSpace （FlexibleSpace！！！！！）
    UIBarButtonItem *btnF2 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem: UIBarButtonSystemItemFlexibleSpace target: nil action: nil];
    
    NSArray *arrayBtn = [NSArray arrayWithObjects: btn1, btnF2, btn3, btnF2, btn2, nil];
    
    self.toolbarItems = arrayBtn;
    
    
}
 
- (void)pressBack {
    SecondVC *vc = [[SecondVC alloc] init];
    [self.navigationController pushViewController: vc animated: YES];
}
 
/*
#pragma mark - Navigation
// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/
 
@end

分栏控制器

分栏控制器是一种常用的容器视图控制器，分栏控制器可以包含多个子视图控制器，并通过底部的分栏菜单UIBar

进行切换

在sceneDelegate中创建子视图控制器，同时创建分栏控制器对象，将子视图控制器添加到分栏控制器中

objectivec 复制代码

#import "SceneDelegate.h"
#import "VCFirst.h"
#import "VCSecond.h"
#import "VCThird.h"
#import "VCFourth.h"
#import "VCFifth.h"
#import "VCSixth.h"
@interface SceneDelegate ()

@end

@implementation SceneDelegate


- (void)scene:(UIScene *)scene willConnectToSession:(UISceneSession *)session options:(UISceneConnectionOptions *)connectionOptions {
    //创建三个视图控制器并更改背景颜色和标题
    VCFirst* vc01 = [VCFirst new];
    vc01.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor brownColor];
    vc01.title = @"视图1";
    VCSecond* vc02 = [VCSecond new];
    vc02.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
    vc02.title = @"试图2";
    VCThird* vc03 = [VCThird new];
    vc03.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    vc03.title = @"视图3";
    VCFourth* vc04 = [VCFourth new];
    vc04.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
    vc04.title = @"视图4";
    VCFifth* vc05 = [VCFifth new];
    vc05.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
    vc05.title = @"视图5";
    VCSixth* vc06 = [VCSixth new];
    vc06.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor purpleColor];
    vc06.title = @"视图6";
    
   
   
    
    //创建分栏控制器对象
    UITabBarController* tbc = [UITabBarController new];
    //创建一个分栏控制器数组对象，并将所有需要被分栏控制器管理的对象添加进数组
    //分栏控制器的按钮的位置就取决于在数组中的存放位置
    NSArray* arrvc = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:vc01, vc02, vc03, nil];
    
    //将分栏控制器管理数组赋值
    tbc.viewControllers = arrvc;
    
    //将分栏控制器作为根视图控制哦
    self.window.rootViewController = tbc;
    
    //设置选中的视图控制器的索引
    //通过所以索引来确定打开程序的时候显示得是哪一个视图控制器
    tbc.selectedIndex = 2;
    
    if (tbc.selectedViewController == vc03) {
        NSLog(@"选中的是下标为2的视图控制器");
    }
    
    //设置分栏控制器透明度
    tbc.tabBar.translucent = NO;
    //设置分栏控制器背景颜色
    tbc.tabBar.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    
    //设置分栏控制器工具栏的按钮选择时的颜色
    tbc.tabBar.tintColor = [UIColor redColor];
    
    
    //注意不要忘记设置代理
    tbc.delegate = self;
}

//以下是协议中函数的用法，其中"编辑"是指在分栏控制器中的more中通过拖动更改和交换显示和折叠的视图控制器的操作
//即将开始编辑前会调用此协议函数
- (void)tabBarController:(UITabBarController *)tabBarController willBeginCustomizingViewControllers:(NSArray<__kindof UIViewController *> *)viewControllers {
    NSLog(@"编辑前");
}
 
//即将结束前调用该协议函数
- (void)tabBarController:(UITabBarController *)tabBarController willEndCustomizingViewControllers:(NSArray<__kindof UIViewController *> *)viewControllers changed:(BOOL)changed {
    NSLog(@"即将结束前");
}
 
//已经结束编辑时调用该协议函数
- (void)tabBarController:(UITabBarController *)tabBarController didEndCustomizingViewControllers:(NSArray<__kindof UIViewController *> *)viewControllers changed:(BOOL)changed {
    NSLog(@"%@", viewControllers);
    if (changed == YES) {
        NSLog(@"顺序发生改变");
    }
    NSLog(@"已经结束编辑");
}
 
//选中控制器对象时调用该协议函数
- (void)tabBarController:(UITabBarController *)tabBarController didSelectViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController {
//    if (tabBarController.viewControllers[tabBarController.selectedIndex] == viewController) {
//        NSLog(@"选中的视图索引与当前传入的视图索引相同");
//    }
    NSLog(@"选中控制器对象");
}


- (void)sceneDidDisconnect:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene is being released by the system.
    // This occurs shortly after the scene enters the background, or when its session is discarded.
    // Release any resources associated with this scene that can be re-created the next time the scene connects.
    // The scene may re-connect later, as its session was not necessarily discarded (see `application:didDiscardSceneSessions` instead).
}


- (void)sceneDidBecomeActive:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called when the scene has moved from an inactive state to an active state.
    // Use this method to restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) when the scene was inactive.
}


- (void)sceneWillResignActive:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called when the scene will move from an active state to an inactive state.
    // This may occur due to temporary interruptions (ex. an incoming phone call).
}


- (void)sceneWillEnterForeground:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene transitions from the background to the foreground.
    // Use this method to undo the changes made on entering the background.
}


- (void)sceneDidEnterBackground:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene transitions from the foreground to the background.
    // Use this method to save data, release shared resources, and store enough scene-specific state information
    // to restore the scene back to its current state.
}


@end

VCfirst.m文件中

objectivec 复制代码

#import "VCFirst.h"

@interface VCFirst ()

@end

@implementation VCFirst

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //创建一个分栏按钮对象,传入三个参数
    //第一个参数表示标题文字内容
    //第二个参数表示显示图片
    //第三个参数表示对象的标记值
    UITabBarItem *tabBarItem = [[UITabBarItem alloc] initWithTitle: @"发现" image: nil tag: 101];
    
    self.tabBarItem = tabBarItem;
}

/*
#pragma mark - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/

@end

VCSecond.m

objectivec 复制代码

#import "VCSecond.h"

@interface VCSecond ()

@end

@implementation VCSecond

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //根据系统风格设置分栏控制器按钮，传入两个参数
    //第一个参数指分栏控制器的按钮风格，第二个参数是分栏控件对象的标签值
    UITabBarItem *tabBarItem = [[UITabBarItem alloc] initWithTabBarSystemItem: UITabBarSystemItemContacts tag: 103];
    
    //为分栏按钮设置提示的标记值信息，是系统的，无法变更
    //按钮右上角显示的提示信息
    //通常用来提示未读的信息
    tabBarItem.badgeValue = @"22";
    
    self.tabBarItem = tabBarItem;
}

/*
#pragma mark - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/

@end

VCThird.m

objectivec 复制代码

#import "VCThird.h"

@interface VCThird ()

@end

@implementation VCThird

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
}

/*
#pragma mark - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/

@end

VCForth.m

objectivec 复制代码

#import "VCFourth.h"

@interface VCFourth ()

@end

@implementation VCFourth

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
}

/*
#pragma mark - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/

@end

VCFifth.m

objectivec 复制代码

#import "VCFifth.h"

@interface VCFifth ()

@end

@implementation VCFifth

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
}

/*
#pragma mark - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/

@end

VCSixth.m

objectivec 复制代码

#import "VCSixth.h"

@interface VCSixth ()

@end

@implementation VCSixth

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
}

/*
#pragma mark - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/

@end

分栏控制器协议部分的内容

< UITabBarControllerDelegate>

objectivec 复制代码

//以下是协议中函数的用法，其中"编辑"是指在分栏控制器中的more中通过拖动更改和交换显示和折叠的视图控制器的操作
//即将开始编辑前会调用此协议函数
- (void)tabBarController:(UITabBarController *)tabBarController willBeginCustomizingViewControllers:(NSArray<__kindof UIViewController *> *)viewControllers {
    NSLog(@"编辑前");
}
 
//即将结束前调用该协议函数
- (void)tabBarController:(UITabBarController *)tabBarController willEndCustomizingViewControllers:(NSArray<__kindof UIViewController *> *)viewControllers changed:(BOOL)changed {
    NSLog(@"即将结束前");
}
 
//已经结束编辑时调用该协议函数
- (void)tabBarController:(UITabBarController *)tabBarController didEndCustomizingViewControllers:(NSArray<__kindof UIViewController *> *)viewControllers changed:(BOOL)changed {
    NSLog(@"%@", viewControllers);
    if (changed == YES) {
        NSLog(@"顺序发生改变");
    }
    NSLog(@"已经结束编辑");
}
 
//选中控制器对象时调用该协议函数
- (void)tabBarController:(UITabBarController *)tabBarController didSelectViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController {
//    if (tabBarController.viewControllers[tabBarController.selectedIndex] == viewController) {
//        NSLog(@"选中的视图索引与当前传入的视图索引相同");
//    }
    NSLog(@"选中控制器对象");
}

UITabelView

UITabelView是UI组件中非常重要的一个组件，在实际开发中有非常重要的作用，这里只做简单介绍，后面笔者会单独总结一下这部分的内容

在创建UITabelView这个组件的时候，首先需要继承UITabelViewDelegate,UITabelViewSource

同时需要设置两个代理：tabelView.delegate、tabelView.dataSource

在协议中必须要实现三个协议函数

-(NSInteger) tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section（获取每组元素的个数）
numberOfSectionsInTableView（设置数据视图的组数）
tableView: cellForRowAtIndexPath：（创建单元格对象函数）

objectivec 复制代码

//
//  SceneDelegate.m
//  UITableView
//
//  Created by xiaoli pop on 2025/6/4.
//

#import "SceneDelegate.h"
#import "ViewController.h"
@interface SceneDelegate ()

@end

@implementation SceneDelegate


- (void)scene:(UIScene *)scene willConnectToSession:(UISceneSession *)session options:(UISceneConnectionOptions *)connectionOptions {
    self.window.frame = [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds];
    ViewController* vc = [ViewController new];
    UINavigationController* nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:vc];
    self.window.rootViewController = nav;
    [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
}


- (void)sceneDidDisconnect:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene is being released by the system.
    // This occurs shortly after the scene enters the background, or when its session is discarded.
    // Release any resources associated with this scene that can be re-created the next time the scene connects.
    // The scene may re-connect later, as its session was not necessarily discarded (see `application:didDiscardSceneSessions` instead).
}


- (void)sceneDidBecomeActive:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called when the scene has moved from an inactive state to an active state.
    // Use this method to restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) when the scene was inactive.
}


- (void)sceneWillResignActive:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called when the scene will move from an active state to an inactive state.
    // This may occur due to temporary interruptions (ex. an incoming phone call).
}


- (void)sceneWillEnterForeground:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene transitions from the background to the foreground.
    // Use this method to undo the changes made on entering the background.
}


- (void)sceneDidEnterBackground:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene transitions from the foreground to the background.
    // Use this method to save data, release shared resources, and store enough scene-specific state information
    // to restore the scene back to its current state.
}


@end

objc 复制代码

//
//  ViewController.m
//  UITableView
//
//  Created by xiaoli pop on 2025/6/4.
//

#import "ViewController.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //创建数据视图，传入两个参数
    //参数一：数据视图的位置
    //参数二：数据视图的风格-UITableViewStylePlain：普通风格 、 UITableViewStyleGrouped：分组风格
    self.tableview = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds style:UITableViewStyleGrouped];
    //自动调整子视图大小
    self.tableview.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth;
    //创建数据视图的代理对象
    self.tableview.delegate = self;
    //设置数据视图的代理源对象
    self.tableview.dataSource = self;
    //数据视图的头部视图的设定
    self.tableview.tableHeaderView = nil;
    //数据视图的尾部视图的设定
    self.tableview.tableFooterView = nil;
    [self.view addSubview:self.tableview];
    //创建一个可变数组
    self.arrayData = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    
    for (int i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; i++) {
        //定义小数组
        NSMutableArray* arraySmall = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
        for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {
            NSString* str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%c%d",i,j];
            [arraySmall addObject:str];
        }
        //这里就相当于一个二维数组
        [self.arrayData addObject:arraySmall];
    }
    //当数据的数据源发生变化时，更新数据视图，重新加载数据
    [self.tableview reloadData];
   
}

- (void)creatButton {
    self.isEdit = NO;
    self.buttonOfEdit = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"编辑" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(pressEdit)];
    self.buttonOfFinish = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"完成" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(pressFinish)];
    self.buttonOfDelete = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"删除" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(pressDelete)];
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = self.buttonOfEdit;
    
}
- (void)pressEdit {
    self.isEdit = YES;
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = self.buttonOfFinish;
    [self.tableview setEditing:YES];
    self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = self.buttonOfDelete;
}

- (void)pressFinish {
    self.isEdit = NO;
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = self.buttonOfEdit;
    [self.tableview setEditing:NO];
    self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = nil;
}


/*
 参数讲解：
 参数一：触发事件的表格视图对象
 参数二：用户对这个单元格执行的编辑类型
 参数三：表示当前单元格的位置，包含两个信息：section（第几组）、row（第几行）
 */
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView commitEditingStyle:(UITableViewCellEditingStyle)editingStyle
                                        forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    
    if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleDelete) {
        // 1. 先删除数据源中的数据
        [self.arrayData[indexPath.section] removeObjectAtIndex:indexPath.row];

        // 2. 更新表格视图（动画删除这一行）
        [tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:@[indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationAutomatic];
       
    }
}

//- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView commitEditingStyle:(UITableViewCellEditingStyle)editingStyle forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
//    if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleInsert) {
//        // 1. 创建一个新的数据项（你可以替换成你自己的默认值）
//        NSString *newItem = @"新添加的内容";
//
//        // 2. 往数据源中插入（在指定 section 的对应位置）
//        [self.arrayData[indexPath.section] insertObject:newItem atIndex:indexPath.row];
//
//        // 3. 更新表格界面（带动画插入新行）
//        [tableView insertRowsAtIndexPaths:@[indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationAutomatic];
//    }
//}

/*
 告诉表格视图每一行在处于编辑状态时，应该支持什么操作
 UITableViewCellEditingStyleDelete
 UITableViewCellEditingStyleInsert
 UITableViewCellEditingStyleNone
 */
- (UITableViewCellEditingStyle)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView editingStyleForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    return UITableViewCellEditingStyleDelete ;
}

- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    NSLog(@"选中单元格！%lu %lu", indexPath.section, indexPath.row);
}

- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didDeselectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    NSLog(@"取消 选中单元格！%lu %lu", indexPath.section, indexPath.row);
}
//或取每组元素的个数（行数）
//必须要实现的协议函数
//程序在显示数据视图时会调用此函数
//p1：数据视图对象本身
//p2: 那一组需要的行数
- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    NSInteger num = [[self.arrayData objectAtIndex:section] count];
    return num;
}
//设定数据视图的组数，默认返回1
- (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView {
    return  self.arrayData.count;
}

//创建单元格函数对象
//参数一：调用函数的对象
//参数二：单元格的索引，就是上面的行数与组数
/*
 //单元格文字赋值
 cell.textLabel.text = [_arrayData[indexPath.section] objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
 //设置子文字标题
 cell.detailTextLabel.text = @"子标题";
 //设置图片
 NSString* str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"photo0%ld.jpg",indexPath.row];
 cell.imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:str]];
 */
- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    NSString* cellstr = @"cell";
    //尝试获得可复用的单元格，如果得不到就返回空
    /*
     当滚动表格时，屏幕上的单元格会离开屏幕，已经滚出屏幕的单元格不会被立刻销毁，而是存入复用迟中，当需要显示新的cell时，系统会从复用池中获取一个单元格重新使用，而不是重新创建
     */
    UITableViewCell* cell = [self.tableview dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:cellstr];
    if (!cell) {
        //创建一个单元格对象
        //参数一：单元格样式
        //参数二：单元格的复用标记
        cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:cellstr];
    }
    
    //NSString* str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"第%ld组，第%ld行",indexPath.section,indexPath.row];
    //单元格内容赋值
    cell.textLabel.text = self.arrayData[indexPath.section][indexPath.row];
    //调用创建功能按钮方法
    [self creatButton];
    return cell;
}

- (CGFloat)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView heightForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    return 100;
}

- (NSString *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    return @"头部标题";
}

- (NSString *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForFooterInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    return @"尾部标题";
}

- (CGFloat)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView heightForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    return 40;
}

- (CGFloat)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView heightForFooterInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    return 40;
}

@end

照片墙案例

userInteractionEnable属性介绍：

userInteractionEnabled是UIView的一个重要属性，用于控制用户是否能与该视图及其子视图进行交互（如点击、滑动、手势等）。在照片墙案，若需要对图片进行点击查看、缩放、删除等操作，必须将相关视图的该属性设为 YES（默认值也是 YES，但某些场景下可能被意外修改）。

这个属性是属于UIView的，是BOOL类型的，决定UIView是否接受有关touch和keyBoard的相关操作，然后UIView就可以通过相应的一些方法来处理。

其次我们需要创建一个手势识别器UITapGestureRecognizer

objectivec 复制代码

//给每个控件添加手势
UITapGestureRecognizer* tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(press:)];//创建一个手势识别器，并且添加相应的方法
tap.numberOfTapsRequired = 1;//设置触摸次数
tap.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1;//设置触摸点个数
[iView addGestureRecognizer:tap];//添加手势识别器到view中
//触摸后实现方法函数
- (void) press:(UITapGestureRecognizer*) tap {
  //强制转换类型
    UIImageView* imageView = (UIImageView*) tap.view;
    //创建即将推出的视图控制器
    ShowImage* imageShow = [[ShowImage alloc] init];
    //点击的图像视图赋值
    imageShow.imageTag = imageView.tag;
    imageShow.image = imageView.image;
    //将控制器推出
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:imageShow animated:YES];
}

在SceneDelegate文件中，设置导航控制器

objectivec 复制代码

#import "SceneDelegate.h"
#import "VCRoot.h"
#import "VCImageShow.h"
@interface SceneDelegate ()

@end

@implementation SceneDelegate


- (void)scene:(UIScene *)scene willConnectToSession:(UISceneSession *)session options:(UISceneConnectionOptions *)connectionOptions {
    //导航控制器照片结构
    
    UINavigationController* nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:[VCRoot new]];
    self.window.rootViewController = nav;
    [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
}


- (void)sceneDidDisconnect:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene is being released by the system.
    // This occurs shortly after the scene enters the background, or when its session is discarded.
    // Release any resources associated with this scene that can be re-created the next time the scene connects.
    // The scene may re-connect later, as its session was not necessarily discarded (see `application:didDiscardSceneSessions` instead).
}


- (void)sceneDidBecomeActive:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called when the scene has moved from an inactive state to an active state.
    // Use this method to restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) when the scene was inactive.
}


- (void)sceneWillResignActive:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called when the scene will move from an active state to an inactive state.
    // This may occur due to temporary interruptions (ex. an incoming phone call).
}


- (void)sceneWillEnterForeground:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene transitions from the background to the foreground.
    // Use this method to undo the changes made on entering the background.
}


- (void)sceneDidEnterBackground:(UIScene *)scene {
    // Called as the scene transitions from the foreground to the background.
    // Use this method to save data, release shared resources, and store enough scene-specific state information
    // to restore the scene back to its current state.
}


@end

在VCRoot中设置照片墙

objectivec 复制代码

#import "VCRoot.h"
#import "VCImageShow.h"
@interface VCRoot ()

@end

@implementation VCRoot

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.title = @"照片墙";
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.translucent = YES;
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.barTintColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    //创建一个滚动视图并设置位置和画布大小
    UIScrollView* sv = [UIScrollView new];
    sv.frame = CGRectMake(5, 10, 394, 852);
    sv.contentSize = CGSizeMake(394, 852 * 1.5);
    sv.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = NO;
    //打开交互事件
    sv.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
    
    //利用循环给根视图上添加照片对象
    for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
        UIImage* image = [UIImage imageNamed:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"photo0%d.jpg",i + 1]];
        UIImageView* view = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:image];
        view.frame = CGRectMake(10 + (i % 3) * 125, (i / 3) * 165, 110, 150);
        [sv addSubview:view];
        view.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
        //创建点击手势
        UITapGestureRecognizer* tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(pressTap:)];
        //单次点击
        tap.numberOfTapsRequired = 1;
        //单个手指
        tap.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1;
        [view addGestureRecognizer:tap];
        view.tag = 101 + i;
    }
    [self.view addSubview: sv];
}

//方法3:
- (void)pressTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer* )tap {
    UIImageView* imageView = (UIImageView*)tap.view;
    VCImageShow* imageshow = [VCImageShow new];
    imageshow.imageTag = imageView.tag;
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:imageshow animated:YES];
    
}


//方法2:
//- (void)pressTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer* )tap {
//    UIImageView* imageView = (UIImageView*)tap.view;
//    //创建显示视图控制器
//    VCImageShow* imageshow = [[VCImageShow alloc] init];
//    //点击的图像视图赋值
//    //imageshow.imageView = imageView;//不可行
//    imageshow.image = imageView.image;
//    //将视图控制器推出
//    [self.navigationController pushViewController:imageshow animated:YES];
//    
//    
//}
/*
#pragma mark - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/

@end

接下来需要解决如何将被点击的视图传入到展示图片的页面，这里要注意，不可以直接传视图对象，因为一个人视图对象只能有一个根视图，当我们把视图添加到新的父视图上时，会从原来的父亲视图删除掉

objectivec 复制代码

//
//  VCImageShow.m
//  PhotoWall
//
//  Created by xiaoli pop on 2025/6/3.
//

#import "VCImageShow.h"

@interface VCImageShow ()

@end

@implementation VCImageShow

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.title = @"图片展示";
    self.imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
    self.imageView.frame = [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds];
    //方法2:
    //self.imageView.image = self.image;
    //方法3:
    self.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"photo0%lu.jpg",(unsigned long)(self.imageTag - 100) ]];
    /*
     一个视图对象只能有一个根视图
     当我们把视图添加到新的父视图上时
     会从原来的父亲视图删除掉
     */
    [self.view addSubview:self.imageView];
    
}

/*
#pragma mark - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/

@end

实现效果

点击图片就会跳转一个新页面，内容就是选中的图片