一、问题背景
在VMware安装完CentOS 7镜像后，发现yum无法使用，报错信息如下：
[root@linux ~]# yum install -y yum-utils
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=stock error was
14: curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; 未知的错误"
One of the configured repositories failed (未知),
and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the only
safe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this:
1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem.
2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a working
upstream. This is most often useful if you are using a newer
distribution release than is supported by the repository (and the
packages for the previous distribution release still work).
3. Run the command with the repository temporarily disabled
yum --disablerepo=<repoid> ...
4. Disable the repository permanently, so yum won't use it by default. Yum
will then just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it
again or use --enablerepo for temporary usage:
yum-config-manager --disable <repoid>
or
subscription-manager repos --disable=<repoid>
5. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable.
Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands,
so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be much
slower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice
compromise:
yum-config-manager --save --setopt=<repoid>.skip_if_unavailable=true
Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base/7/x86_64从报错上来看是解析不了mirrorlist.centos.org这个网址
ping了一下百度，发现是可以ping通的，说明网络没有问题
二、安装wget
由于新系统中没有wget，先安装wget（如果系统中已经有wget可直接调到第三步）
2.1 下载wget
阿里云镜像库 centos-7.9.2009-os-x86_64-Packages安装包下载_开源镜像站-阿里云
在该界面下载 wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm
2.2 上传wget安装包到linux
创建对应文件夹
mkdir /home/wget进入文件夹
cd /home/wget将刚才下载的文件上传到该位置
2.3 安装wget
使用rpm安装wget
rpm -ivh wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm至此wget安装完毕
三、安装yum
3.1 卸载python
##强制删除已安装程序及其关联
rpm -qa|grep python|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps
##删除所有残余文件 ##xargs，允许你对输出执行其他某些命令
whereis python |xargs rm -frv -rf
##验证删除，返回无结果
whereis python3.2 删除yum
rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps
whereis yum |xargs rm -frv -rf3.3 下载安装包
创建安装包下载文件夹
mkdir /home/wget/rpm进入文件夹
cd /home/wget/rpm下载安装包
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/lvm2-python-libs-2.02.187-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages//python-libs-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-pycurl-7.19.0-19.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-python-4.11.3-45.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-aliases-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-protectbase-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm3.4 安装替换依赖
rpm -ivh --nodeps --force *.rpm 3.5 测试yum
yum显示以下信息即为成功：
已加载插件：aliases, fastestmirror, protectbase 您需要给出命令 Usage: yum options
COMMAND
List of Commands:
alias Adds or lists aliases check 检查 RPM 数据库问题
check-update 检查是否有可用的软件包更新 clean 删除缓存数据 deplist
列出软件包的依赖关系 下面省略...
四、处理源yum
4.1 删除yum源
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*4.2下载阿里云yum源
# 切换目录
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# 下载
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo4.3 清除和生成yum缓存
## 清除缓存
yum clean all
## 生成缓存
yum makecache 至此问题解决，接着执行之前报错的命令即可