LNMP部署实验
文章目录
- LNMP部署实验
-
- [LNMP 工作原理](#LNMP 工作原理)
- ALL-IN-ONE
- Standalone
- 分离部署
-
- [部署 nfs 服务器](#部署 nfs 服务器)
- [部署 db 服务器](#部署 db 服务器)
- [部署 Nginx 服务器](#部署 Nginx 服务器)
- [部署 PHP 服务器](#部署 PHP 服务器)
- [php 程序测试](#php 程序测试)
LNMP 工作原理
-
客户端通过HTTP协议请求web服务器资源
-
web 服务器根据资源类型进行处理：
-
静态资源：web直接把资源返回至客户端。
-
动态资源：通过指定的通讯方式将脚本网页交给后端程序执行。如果运算期间需要连接mysql数据库，则通过mysql连接器连接mysql。后端程序将运算结果返回给web服务。
-
-
web服务将结果返回给客户端。
ALL-IN-ONE
WordPress
个人博客系统，并逐步演化成一款内容管理系统软件，使用PHP语言和MySQL数据库开发,用户可以在支持 PHP 和 MySQL 数据库的服务器上使用自己的博客。
bash
# 主机名blog.demo.cloud IP地址10.1.8.10
# 安装服务端
[root@server ~ 09:01:55]# yum install -y mariadb-server
# 启用并启动服务
[root@server ~ 09:33:32]# systemctl enable mariadb.service --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
# 加固 MariaDB
[root@server ~ 09:33:40]# mysql_secure_installation
#部署 Nginx 服务
[root@server ~ 09:34:10]# yum install -y nginx
[root@server ~ 09:34:24]# systemctl enable nginx --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@server ~ 09:34:38]# echo hello world from nginx > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@server ~ 09:35:12]# curl 10.1.8.10
hello world from nginx
[root@server ~ 09:35:18]# yum install -y php php-fpm php-mysqlnd
#部署 php 服务
# php-fpm 进程默认以 apache 用户身份运行，修改运行用户为 nginx，并重启服务
[root@server ~ 09:35:30]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@server ~ 09:36:00]# systemctl enable php-fpm.service --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.
[root@server ~ 09:36:12]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@server ~ 09:38:02]# systemctl restart nginx.service
root@server ~ 09:03:59]# vim /etc/nginx/default.d/php.conf
[root@server ~ 09:36:54]# cat /etc/nginx/default.d/php.conf
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
#准备数据库
[root@server ~ 09:39:41]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 10
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> create user wordpress identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on wordpress.* to wordpress;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
# 准备 test-mysql.php
[root@server ~ 09:41:49]# cat > /usr/share/nginx/html/test-mysql.php <<'EOF'
> <?php
> $link=mysqli_connect('10.1.8.10','wordpress','wordpress');
> if($link)
> echo "<h1>Connect Mysql Success !</h1>\n";
> else
> echo "<h1>Connect Mysql Failed !</h1>\n";
> $link->close();
> ?>
> EOF
[root@server html 09:44:27]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@server html 09:45:36]# systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@server html 09:45:43]# curl http://10.1.8.10/
<h1>Hello World !</h1>
[root@server html 09:45:45]# curl http://10.1.8.10/test-mysql.php
<h1>Connect Mysql Success !</h1>
#部署 wordpress 应用
[root@server html 09:45:50]# yum install -y wget
[root@server ~ 09:46:36]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.zip
[root@server ~ 09:46:38]# unzip wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.zip
[root@server ~ 09:47:05]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg wordpress wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.zip
[root@server ~ 09:47:09]# mv wordpress /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@server ~ 09:47:21]# chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@server ~ 09:47:40]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
#配置文件server块下中指定主页
[root@server html 17:27:18]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
server {
...
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.php index.html;
...Standalone
bash
#初始化设置主机名和IP地址
# NFS 服务器
10.1.8.21 www.demo.cloud www
10.1.8.22 php.demo.cloud php
10.1.8.23 db.demo.cloud db
10.1.8.24 nfs.demo.cloud nfs
hostnamectl set-hostname nfs.demo.cloud
nmcli connection modify ens32 ipv4.addresses 10.1.8.24/24
nmcli connection up ens32
# DB 服务器
10.1.8.21 www.demo.cloud www
10.1.8.22 php.demo.cloud php
10.1.8.23 db.demo.cloud db
10.1.8.24 nfs.demo.cloud nfs
hostnamectl set-hostname db.demo.cloud
nmcli connection modify ens32 ipv4.addresses 10.1.8.23/24
nmcli connection up ens32
# php 服务器
10.1.8.21 www.demo.cloud www
10.1.8.22 php.demo.cloud php
10.1.8.23 db.demo.cloud db
10.1.8.24 nfs.demo.cloud nfs
hostnamectl set-hostname php.demo.cloud
nmcli connection modify ens32 ipv4.addresses 10.1.8.22/24
nmcli connection up ens32
# www 服务器
10.1.8.21 www.demo.cloud www
10.1.8.22 php.demo.cloud php
10.1.8.23 db.demo.cloud db
10.1.8.24 nfs.demo.cloud nfs
hostnamectl set-hostname www.demo.cloud
nmcli connection modify ens32 ipv4.addresses 10.1.8.21/24
nmcli connection up ens32
#cat /etc/hosts 和 hostname 测验分离部署
部署 nfs 服务器
由于静态文件和动态文件没有分开，所以 Web 服务器和 PHP 服务器都要存一份。实验环境通过NFS共享提供wordpress应用。下载 wordpress，上传到家目录。
bash
[root@nfs ~ 11:01:53]# yum install -y nfs-utils
[root@nfs ~ 11:26:08]# echo '/www 10.1.8.0/24(rw)' > /etc/exports
[root@nfs ~ 11:26:55]# vim /etc/exports
[root@nfs ~ 11:27:02]# systemctl enable nfs-server.service --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.
# 准备 wordpress资源
[root@nfs ~ 11:27:11]# wget http://192.168.46.88/01.softwares/wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.zip
[root@nfs ~ 11:27:27]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.zip
[root@nfs ~ 11:27:28]# ls /
bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr www
[root@nfs ~ 11:27:36]# unzip -o wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.zip -d /www/
[root@nfs ~ 11:27:44]# ls /www/
wordpress
# 准备网页测试文件
[root@nfs ~ 11:27:49]# echo 'hello world !' > /www/index.html
[root@nfs ~ 11:28:34]# cat > /www/index.php <<EOF
> <?php
> echo "<h1>Hello World !</h1>\n";
> ?>
> EOF
[root@nfs ~ 11:28:47]# cat > /www/test-mysql.php <<'EOF'
> <?php
> $link=mysqli_connect('db.demo.cloud','wordpress','123');
> if($link)
> echo "<h1>Connect Mysql Success !</h1>\n";
> else
> echo "<h1>Connect Mysql Failed !</h1>\n";
> $link->close();
> ?>
> EOF
[root@nfs ~ 11:29:19]# cat > /www/info.php <<EOF
> <?php
> phpinfo();
> ?>
> EOF
[root@nfs ~ 11:29:28]# ls /www/
index.html index.php info.php test-mysql.php wordpress
[root@nfs ~ 11:29:31]# chown -R 998 /www部署 db 服务器
bash
[root@db ~ 10:41:00]# yum install -y mariadb-server
[root@db ~ 11:30:33]# systemctl enable mariadb --now
# 加固 MariaDB
[root@db ~ 11:30:46]# mysql_secure_installation
# 准备wordpress数据库和用户
[root@db ~ 11:31:11]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 10
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> create user wordpress indentified by '123';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'indentified by '123'' at line 1
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER wordpress@'%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on wordpress.* to wordpress
-> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye部署 Nginx 服务器
bash
# 部署 Nginx 服务
[root@www ~ 10:40:59]# yum install -y nginx
[root@www ~ 11:03:18]# id nginx
uid=998(nginx) gid=996(nginx) groups=996(nginx)
[root@www ~ 11:03:27]# yum makecache
[root@www ~ 11:09:54]# grep nginx /etc/passwd
nginx:x:998:996:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin
[root@www ~ 11:34:41]# systemctl enable nginx --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
# 安装 nfs 工具
[root@www ~ 11:34:59]# yum install -y nfs-utils
# 挂载存储
[root@www ~ 11:35:30]# echo 'nfs.demo.cloud:/www /usr/share/nginx/html nfs defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
[root@www ~ 11:35:39]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@www ~ 11:35:51]# mount /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@www ~ 11:36:18]# df -h /usr/share/nginx/html/
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
nfs.demo.cloud:/www 50G 1.7G 49G 4% /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@www ~ 11:36:26]# ls /usr/share/nginx/html/
index.html index.php info.php test-mysql.php wordpress
[root@www ~ 11:36:32]# grep nginx /etc/passwd
nginx:x:998:996:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin
#配置 Nginx 对接 PHP
[root@www ~ 11:37:12]# cat > /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost-www.conf <<'EOF'
> server {
> listen 80;
> server_name www.demo.cloud;
>
> # 静态资源处理
> location / {
> root /usr/share/nginx/html;
> index index.html index.htm index.php;
> }
>
> # PHP 请求处理
> location ~ \.php$ {
> # 配置 PHP-FPM 监听的地址和端口
> fastcgi_pass php.demo.cloud:9000;
> fastcgi_index index.php;
> # 配置 php 服务器上 wordpress 应用所在位置
> fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www/$fastcgi_script_name;
> include fastcgi_params;
> }
> }
> EOF
[root@www ~ 11:43:29]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost-www.conf
# 重启服务
[root@www ~ 11:43:46]# systemctl restart nginx部署 PHP 服务器
bash
[root@php ~ 10:40:59]# yum makecache
#部署 php 服务
[root@php ~ 11:36:43]# echo 'nginx:x:998:996:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin' >> /etc/passwd
[root@php ~ 11:37:44]# tail -n1 /etc/passwd
nginx:x:998:996:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin
[root@php ~ 11:37:54]# groupadd -g 996 nginx
[root@php ~ 11:38:09]# id nginx
uid=998(nginx) gid=996(nginx) groups=996(nginx)
[root@php ~ 11:38:19]# yum install -y php php-fpm php-mysqlnd
[root@php ~ 11:40:09]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
#使用;号注释掉原有listen行
;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
# 新增listen 监听所有ip的9000端口
listen = 9000
# 支持监听特定ip的9000端口，例如listen = 10.1.8.22:9000
# 使用;号注释掉原有 listen.allowed_clients 行
# 允许所有客户端访问
;listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
# 设置运行用户
user = nginx
group = nginx
[root@php ~ 11:41:33]# systemctl enable php-fpm.service --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.
# 安装 nfs 工具
[root@php ~ 11:41:41]# yum install -y nfs-utils
# 挂载存储
[root@php ~ 11:41:53]# echo 'nfs.demo.cloud:/www /www nfs defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
[root@php ~ 11:42:04]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.1.8.21 www.demo.cloud www
10.1.8.22 php.demo.cloud php
10.1.8.23 db.demo.cloud db
10.1.8.24 nfs.demo.cloud nfs
[root@php ~ 11:42:10]# mkdir /www
[root@php ~ 11:42:22]# mount /www
[root@php ~ 11:42:26]# df -h /www
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
nfs.demo.cloud:/www 50G 1.7G 49G 4% /www
[root@php ~ 11:42:33]# ls /www
index.html index.php info.php test-mysql.php wordpress
# php 程序测试
[root@php ~ 11:42:37]# php /www/index.php
<h1>Hello World !</h1>
[root@php ~ 11:42:55]# php /www/test-mysql.php
<h1>Connect Mysql Success !</h1>
#windows配置ip地址解析
#C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
10.1.8.21 www.demo.cloud
#测试www.demo.cloud/wordpress
#登陆后注意连接db.demo.cloudww 50G 1.7G 49G 4% /www
root@php \~ 11:42:33# ls /www
index.html index.php info.php test-mysql.php wordpress
php 程序测试
root@php \~ 11:42:37# php /www/index.php
Hello World !
root@php \~ 11:42:55# php /www/test-mysql.php
Connect Mysql Success !
#windows配置ip地址解析
#C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
10.1.8.21 www.demo.cloud
#测试www.demo.cloud/wordpress
#登陆后注意连接db.demo.cloud