基于虚拟化环境下测试虚拟机的磁盘IO

当虚拟机底层为 SATA SSD 盘时，测试需结合 SATA SSD 的特性（如 IOPS、延迟、吞吐量的典型表现），并针对性优化测试参数以充分发挥 SSD 性能，同时规避虚拟化层的潜在瓶颈。以下是针对 SATA SSD 底层的虚拟机磁盘 IO 测试方案。

一、SATA SSD 的性能特性参考

SATA SSD 的典型性能指标（物理盘）：

• 4K 随机读 IOPS：约 8000-15000
• 4K 随机写 IOPS：约 4000-8000
• 顺序读写吞吐量：约 450-550MB/s（受 SATA 3.0 接口带宽限制）
• 平均延迟：读≈0.1-0.5ms，写≈0.2-1ms

二.使用fio工具进行测试

1. 4K 随机读（SATA SSD 的核心读性能

fio --name=ssd_randread_4k \
    --filename=/data/fio_test_ssd \
    --rw=randread \
    --bs=4k \
    --size=20G \
    --numjobs=4 \
    --runtime=120 \
    --iodepth=16 \
    --direct=1 \
    --ioengine=libaio \
    --group_reporting \
    --norandommap \
    --randrepeat=0

测试结果

fio-3.7

Starting 4 processes

ssd_randread_4k: Laying out IO file (1 file / 20480MiB)

Jobs: 4 (f=4): r(4)100.0%r=463MiB/s,w=0KiB/sr=119k,w=0 IOPSeta 00m:00s

ssd_randread_4k: (groupid=0, jobs=4): err= 0: pid=1722: Mon Dec 8 18:27:30 2025

read: IOPS=116k, BW=455MiB/s (477MB/s)(53.3GiB/120001msec)

slat (usec): min=3, max=11378, avg= 8.22, stdev=29.56

clat (usec): min=87, max=42508, avg=540.39, stdev=330.43

lat (usec): min=97, max=43990, avg=548.87, stdev=336.41

clat percentiles (usec):

| 1.00th= 265, 5.00th= 310, 10.00th= 334, 20.00th= 379,

| 30.00th= 420, 40.00th= 465, 50.00th= 510, 60.00th= 562,

| 70.00th= 611, 80.00th= 660, 90.00th= 725, 95.00th= 791,

| 99.00th= 1270, 99.50th= 1532, 99.90th= 2868, 99.95th= 7767,

| 99.99th=13304

bw ( KiB/s): min=94072, max=124736, per=24.99%, avg=116428.18, stdev=3521.56, samples=959

iops : min=23518, max=31184, avg=29107.01, stdev=880.38, samples=959

lat (usec) : 100=0.01%, 250=0.57%, 500=47.14%, 750=44.64%, 1000=5.64%

lat (msec) : 2=1.83%, 4=0.09%, 10=0.05%, 20=0.03%, 50=0.01%

cpu : usr=7.62%, sys=38.72%, ctx=8932045, majf=0, minf=202

IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

issued rwts: total=13974987,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0

latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):

READ: bw=455MiB/s (477MB/s), 455MiB/s-455MiB/s (477MB/s-477MB/s), io=53.3GiB (57.2GB), run=120001-120001msec

Disk stats (read/write):

dm-0: ios=13947459/160, merge=0/0, ticks=7344046/204, in_queue=7379595, util=100.00%, aggrios=13974846/66, aggrmerge=141/98, aggrticks=7400120/74, aggrin_queue=7415748, aggrutil=100.00%

sda: ios=13974846/66, merge=141/98, ticks=7400120/74, in_queue=7415748, util=100.00%

• norandommap：避免 fio 使用固定随机映射，更贴近真实负载；
• randrepeat=0：生成非重复的随机 IO 模式，模拟真实业务的随机访问。

2. 4K 随机写（SATA SSD 的写性能，需关注稳态）

fio --name=ssd_randwrite_4k \
    --filename=/data/fio_test_ssd \
    --rw=randwrite \
    --bs=4k \
    --size=20G \
    --numjobs=4 \
    --runtime=120 \
    --iodepth=16 \
    --direct=1 \
    --ioengine=libaio \
    --group_reporting \
    --norandommap \
    --randrepeat=0 \
    --write_bw_log=ssd_write_bw \
    --write_iops_log=ssd_write_iops

测试结果

fio-3.7

Starting 4 processes

ssd_randwrite_4k: Laying out IO file (1 file / 20480MiB)

Jobs: 4 (f=4): w(4)100.0%r=0KiB/s,w=195MiB/sr=0,w=49.8k IOPSeta 00m:00s

ssd_randwrite_4k: (groupid=0, jobs=4): err= 0: pid=1740: Mon Dec 8 18:33:05 2025

write: IOPS=43.1k, BW=168MiB/s (176MB/s)(19.7GiB/120003msec)

slat (usec): min=3, max=17134, avg=52.54, stdev=195.57

clat (usec): min=10, max=21858, avg=1432.02, stdev=1369.64

lat (usec): min=46, max=21864, avg=1484.81, stdev=1381.15

clat percentiles (usec):

| 1.00th= 255, 5.00th= 437, 10.00th= 578, 20.00th= 758,

| 30.00th= 906, 40.00th= 1045, 50.00th= 1188, 60.00th= 1336,

| 70.00th= 1516, 80.00th= 1713, 90.00th= 2057, 95.00th= 2606,

| 99.00th= 8979, 99.50th=10814, 99.90th=13960, 99.95th=15270,

| 99.99th=18220

bw ( KiB/s): min= 187, max=373722, per=2.45%, avg=4229.28, stdev=3292.45, samples=5169118

iops : min= 1, max= 1, avg= 1.00, stdev= 0.00, samples=5169118

lat (usec) : 20=0.01%, 50=0.01%, 100=0.06%, 250=0.86%, 500=6.08%

lat (usec) : 750=12.25%, 1000=17.48%

lat (msec) : 2=52.07%, 4=8.24%, 10=2.26%, 20=0.69%, 50=0.01%

cpu : usr=3.47%, sys=14.06%, ctx=2944742, majf=0, minf=12972

IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

issued rwts: total=0,5169118,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0

latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):

WRITE: bw=168MiB/s (176MB/s), 168MiB/s-168MiB/s (176MB/s-176MB/s), io=19.7GiB (21.2GB), run=120003-120003msec

Disk stats (read/write):

dm-0: ios=3/8225191, merge=0/0, ticks=0/7108612, in_queue=7117708, util=95.22%, aggrios=3/7711493, aggrmerge=0/513698, aggrticks=0/6642118, aggrin_queue=6649381, aggrutil=94.97%

sda: ios=3/7711493, merge=0/513698, ticks=0/6642118, in_queue=6649381, util=94.97%

• --write_bw_log/--write_iops_log：记录写吞吐量和 IOPS 的实时变化，便于观察 SATA SSD 的稳态性能（避免前期缓存加速的虚高值）。

3. 128K 顺序读（SATA SSD 的顺序读峰值）

fio --name=ssd_seqread_128k \
    --filename=/data/fio_test_ssd \
    --rw=read \
    --bs=128k \
    --size=40G \
    --numjobs=2 \
    --runtime=120 \
    --iodepth=32 \
    --direct=1 \
    --ioengine=libaio \
    --group_reporting

测试结果

...

fio-3.7

Starting 2 processes

ssd_seqread_128k: Laying out IO file (1 file / 40960MiB)

fio: ENOSPC on laying out file, stopping

Jobs: 2 (f=2): R(2)89.7%r=12.0GiB/s,w=0KiB/sr=98.6k,w=0 IOPSeta 00m:03s

ssd_seqread_128k: (groupid=0, jobs=2): err= 0: pid=1824: Mon Dec 8 18:36:45 2025

read: IOPS=25.3k, BW=3164MiB/s (3318MB/s)(80.0GiB/25889msec)

slat (usec): min=13, max=475, avg=17.77, stdev= 5.63

clat (usec): min=3, max=35884, avg=2504.43, stdev=1674.08

lat (usec): min=18, max=35899, avg=2522.44, stdev=1673.58

clat percentiles (usec):

| 1.00th= 537, 5.00th= 619, 10.00th= 619, 20.00th= 627,

| 30.00th= 635, 40.00th= 824, 50.00th= 3458, 60.00th= 3720,

| 70.00th= 3851, 80.00th= 3982, 90.00th= 4146, 95.00th= 4293,

| 99.00th= 4555, 99.50th= 4686, 99.90th= 5014, 99.95th=11863,

| 99.99th=29492

bw ( MiB/s): min= 796, max= 6182, per=48.09%, avg=1521.67, stdev=1473.71, samples=102

iops : min= 6370, max=49462, avg=12173.24, stdev=11789.60, samples=102

lat (usec) : 4=0.01%, 50=0.01%, 100=0.01%, 250=0.03%, 500=0.08%

lat (usec) : 750=39.56%, 1000=1.26%

lat (msec) : 2=0.43%, 4=41.14%, 10=17.44%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.04%

cpu : usr=2.89%, sys=26.88%, ctx=131493, majf=0, minf=69

IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=100.0%, >=64=0.0%

submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.1%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

issued rwts: total=655360,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0

latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=32

Run status group 0 (all jobs):

READ: bw=3164MiB/s (3318MB/s), 3164MiB/s-3164MiB/s (3318MB/s-3318MB/s), io=80.0GiB (85.9GB), run=25889-25889msec

• 顺序读的numjobs设置为 2 即可（SATA 3.0 接口带宽约 600MB/s，单 job 已接近峰值，多 job 易导致虚拟化层调度开销）。

4. 128K 顺序写（SATA SSD 的顺序写峰值）

fio --name=ssd_seqwrite_128k \
    --filename=/data/fio_test_ssd \
    --rw=write \
    --bs=128k \
    --size=40G \
    --numjobs=2 \
    --runtime=120 \
    --iodepth=32 \
    --direct=1 \
    --ioengine=libaio \
    --group_reporting

测试结果

fio-3.7

Starting 2 processes

ssd_seqwrite_128k: Laying out IO file (1 file / 40960MiB)

ssd_seqwrite_128k: Laying out IO file (1 file / 40960MiB)

fio: io_u error on file /data/fio_test_ssd: No space left on device: write offset=25974407168, buflen=131072

fio: io_u error on file /data/fio_test_ssd: No space left on device: write offset=25974407168, buflen=131072

fio: io_u error on file /data/fio_test_ssd: No space left on device: write offset=25974538240, buflen=131072

fio: io_u error on file /data/fio_test_ssd: No space left on device: write offset=25974538240, buflen=131072

fio: pid=1833, err=28/file:io_u.c:1747, func=io_u error, error=No space left on device

fio: pid=1834, err=28/file:io_u.c:1747, func=io_u error, error=No space left on device

ssd_seqwrite_128k: (groupid=0, jobs=2): err=28 (file:io_u.c:1747, func=io_u error, error=No space left on device): pid=1833: Mon Dec 8 18:39:14 2025

write: IOPS=15.1k, BW=1886MiB/s (1978MB/s)(48.4GiB/26266msec)

slat (usec): min=8, max=1076, avg=129.89, stdev=47.57

clat (usec): min=511, max=7658, avg=4109.01, stdev=334.29

lat (usec): min=647, max=7854, avg=4239.18, stdev=341.72

clat percentiles (usec):

| 1.00th= 3720, 5.00th= 3752, 10.00th= 3785, 20.00th= 3818,

| 30.00th= 3851, 40.00th= 3916, 50.00th= 4113, 60.00th= 4178,

| 70.00th= 4228, 80.00th= 4359, 90.00th= 4555, 95.00th= 4686,

| 99.00th= 4883, 99.50th= 5538, 99.90th= 6849, 99.95th= 7046,

| 99.99th= 7570

bw ( KiB/s): min=737536, max=1026816, per=50.01%, avg=965923.34, stdev=51745.65, samples=104

iops : min= 5762, max= 8022, avg=7546.25, stdev=404.26, samples=104

lat (usec) : 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01%

lat (msec) : 2=0.01%, 4=46.65%, 10=53.33%

cpu : usr=6.94%, sys=23.12%, ctx=447588, majf=0, minf=133

IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=100.0%, >=64=0.0%

submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

issued rwts: total=0,396402,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0

latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=32

Run status group 0 (all jobs):

WRITE: bw=1886MiB/s (1978MB/s), 1886MiB/s-1886MiB/s (1978MB/s-1978MB/s), io=48.4GiB (51.9GB), run=26266-26266msec

Disk stats (read/write):

dm-0: ios=0/394470, merge=0/0, ticks=0/33497, in_queue=33471, util=69.42%, aggrios=0/396493, aggrmerge=0/3, aggrticks=0/33327, aggrin_queue=33155, aggrutil=68.65%

sda: ios=0/396493, merge=0/3, ticks=0/33327, in_queue=33155, util=68.65%

5. 混合读写（模拟真实业务，如 7:3 读写比）

fio --name=ssd_randrw_4k \
    --filename=/data/fio_test_ssd \
    --rw=randrw \
    --rwmixread=70 \
    --bs=4k \
    --size=20G \
    --numjobs=4 \
    --runtime=120 \
    --iodepth=16 \
    --direct=1 \
    --ioengine=libaio \
    --group_reporting \
    --norandommap \
    --randrepeat=0

测试结果

fio-3.7

Starting 4 processes

ssd_randrw_4k: Laying out IO file (1 file / 20480MiB)

Jobs: 4 (f=4): m(4)100.0%r=259MiB/s,w=111MiB/sr=66.3k,w=28.4k IOPSeta 00m:00s

ssd_randrw_4k: (groupid=0, jobs=4): err= 0: pid=1849: Mon Dec 8 18:43:44 2025

read: IOPS=66.3k, BW=259MiB/s (271MB/s)(30.3GiB/120001msec)

slat (usec): min=3, max=9633, avg= 9.25, stdev=44.20

clat (usec): min=10, max=29191, avg=688.57, stdev=697.93

lat (usec): min=84, max=29197, avg=698.13, stdev=700.75

clat percentiles (usec):

| 1.00th= 219, 5.00th= 281, 10.00th= 306, 20.00th= 343,

| 30.00th= 367, 40.00th= 400, 50.00th= 437, 60.00th= 490,

| 70.00th= 603, 80.00th= 947, 90.00th= 1369, 95.00th= 1663,

| 99.00th= 3589, 99.50th= 4113, 99.90th= 5342, 99.95th= 6521,

| 99.99th=16319

bw ( KiB/s): min=42944, max=83056, per=24.99%, avg=66226.89, stdev=8008.73, samples=957

iops : min=10736, max=20764, avg=16556.66, stdev=2002.21, samples=957

write: IOPS=28.4k, BW=111MiB/s (116MB/s)(13.0GiB/120001msec)

slat (usec): min=3, max=5359, avg= 9.62, stdev=45.33

clat (usec): min=35, max=28855, avg=611.71, stdev=581.85

lat (usec): min=71, max=28864, avg=621.64, stdev=585.21

clat percentiles (usec):

| 1.00th= 186, 5.00th= 225, 10.00th= 249, 20.00th= 289,

| 30.00th= 330, 40.00th= 371, 50.00th= 416, 60.00th= 486,

| 70.00th= 627, 80.00th= 832, 90.00th= 1188, 95.00th= 1532,

| 99.00th= 3064, 99.50th= 3687, 99.90th= 4883, 99.95th= 5538,

| 99.99th=15795

bw ( KiB/s): min=18288, max=35880, per=24.99%, avg=28401.76, stdev=3442.69, samples=957

iops : min= 4572, max= 8970, avg=7100.37, stdev=860.71, samples=957

lat (usec) : 20=0.01%, 50=0.01%, 100=0.01%, 250=4.79%, 500=56.68%

lat (usec) : 750=13.84%, 1000=7.42%

lat (msec) : 2=13.76%, 4=3.00%, 10=0.47%, 20=0.04%, 50=0.01%

cpu : usr=5.36%, sys=34.74%, ctx=5569268, majf=0, minf=132

IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

issued rwts: total=7950470,3409565,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0

latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):

READ: bw=259MiB/s (271MB/s), 259MiB/s-259MiB/s (271MB/s-271MB/s), io=30.3GiB (32.6GB), run=120001-120001msec

WRITE: bw=111MiB/s (116MB/s), 111MiB/s-111MiB/s (116MB/s-116MB/s), io=13.0GiB (13.0GB), run=120001-120001msec

Disk stats (read/write):

dm-0: ios=7948658/3408770, merge=0/0, ticks=4716301/1863151, in_queue=6599137, util=100.00%, aggrios=7950437/3409561, aggrmerge=32/13, aggrticks=4734811/1869742, aggrin_queue=6610447, aggrutil=100.00%

sda: ios=7950437/3409561, merge=32/13, ticks=4734811/1869742, in_queue=6610447, util=100.00%

三.使用sysbench测试

1. 准备测试文件

首先需生成测试用的临时文件（仅需执行一次，后续测试可复用，若需重新测试需先清理）：

sysbench fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=rndrw prepare

--file-total-size：测试文件总大小（建议设置为内存的 2 倍以上，避免缓存干扰，如虚拟机内存 8G 则设为 20G）；

--file-test-mode：测试模式（提前指定为目标模式，prepare 阶段仅生成文件，不执行测试）。

2.随机读写测试（核心场景）

sysbench fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=rndrw --file-block-size=4k --threads=4 --time=60 --report-interval=10 run

--file-test-mode=rndrw：随机读写模式（可选rndread/rndwrite/seqread/seqwrite）；

--file-block-size=4k：块大小（模拟小文件场景，可选 8k/16k/64k 等）；

--threads=4：并发线程数（建议与虚拟机 CPU 核心数匹配，如 4 核 CPU 设为 4）；

--time=60：测试时长（秒）；

--report-interval=10：每隔 10 秒输出一次中间结果。

测试结果

sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4)

Running the test with following options:

Number of threads: 4

Report intermediate results every 10 second(s)

Initializing random number generator from current time

Extra file open flags: (none)

128 files, 80MiB each

10GiB total file size

Block size 4KiB

Number of IO requests: 0

Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50

Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.

Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.

Using synchronous I/O mode

Doing random r/w test

Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

10s reads: 198.07 MiB/s writes: 132.05 MiB/s fsyncs: 108159.45/s latency (ms,95%): 0.092

20s reads: 199.70 MiB/s writes: 133.13 MiB/s fsyncs: 109063.10/s latency (ms,95%): 0.090

30s reads: 203.09 MiB/s writes: 135.39 MiB/s fsyncs: 110914.97/s latency (ms,95%): 0.087

40s reads: 203.67 MiB/s writes: 135.78 MiB/s fsyncs: 111238.50/s latency (ms,95%): 0.087

50s reads: 203.74 MiB/s writes: 135.83 MiB/s fsyncs: 111260.53/s latency (ms,95%): 0.087

File operations:

reads/s: 51682.82

writes/s: 34455.27

fsyncs/s: 110264.65

Throughput:

read, MiB/s: 201.89

written, MiB/s: 134.59

General statistics:

total time: 60.0023s

total number of events: 11784370

Latency (ms):

min: 0.00

avg: 0.02

max: 3.67

95th percentile: 0.09

sum: 233209.18

Threads fairness:

events (avg/stddev): 2946092.5000/321.58

execution time (avg/stddev): 58.3023/0.00

3.随机读测试

sysbench fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=rndrd --file-block-size=4k --threads=4 --time=60 --report-interval=10 run

测试结果

sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4)

Running the test with following options:

Number of threads: 4

Report intermediate results every 10 second(s)

Initializing random number generator from current time

Extra file open flags: (none)

128 files, 80MiB each

10GiB total file size

Block size 4KiB

Number of IO requests: 0

Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50

Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.

Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.

Using synchronous I/O mode

Doing random read test

Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

10s reads: 3404.67 MiB/s writes: 0.00 MiB/s fsyncs: 0.00/s latency (ms,95%): 0.006

20s reads: 3474.04 MiB/s writes: 0.00 MiB/s fsyncs: 0.00/s latency (ms,95%): 0.006

30s reads: 3479.52 MiB/s writes: 0.00 MiB/s fsyncs: 0.00/s latency (ms,95%): 0.006

40s reads: 3494.23 MiB/s writes: 0.00 MiB/s fsyncs: 0.00/s latency (ms,95%): 0.006

50s reads: 3533.76 MiB/s writes: 0.00 MiB/s fsyncs: 0.00/s latency (ms,95%): 0.005

File operations:

reads/s: 894161.84

writes/s: 0.00

fsyncs/s: 0.00

Throughput:

read, MiB/s: 3492.82

written, MiB/s: 0.00

General statistics:

total time: 60.0002s

total number of events: 53651123

Latency (ms):

min: 0.00

avg: 0.00

max: 4.50

95th percentile: 0.01

sum: 191991.84

Threads fairness:

events (avg/stddev): 13412780.7500/80855.18

execution time (avg/stddev): 47.9980/0.25

4,随机写测试

sysbench fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=rndwr --file-block-size=4k --threads=4 --time=60 --report-interval=10 run

测试结果

sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4)

Running the test with following options:

Number of threads: 4

Report intermediate results every 10 second(s)

Initializing random number generator from current time

Extra file open flags: (none)

128 files, 80MiB each

10GiB total file size

Block size 4KiB

Number of IO requests: 0

Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50

Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.

Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.

Using synchronous I/O mode

Doing random write test

Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

10s reads: 0.00 MiB/s writes: 164.82 MiB/s fsyncs: 54008.60/s latency (ms,95%): 0.163

20s reads: 0.00 MiB/s writes: 164.96 MiB/s fsyncs: 54042.97/s latency (ms,95%): 0.163

30s reads: 0.00 MiB/s writes: 166.99 MiB/s fsyncs: 54727.02/s latency (ms,95%): 0.160

40s reads: 0.00 MiB/s writes: 166.49 MiB/s fsyncs: 54549.99/s latency (ms,95%): 0.163

50s reads: 0.00 MiB/s writes: 164.19 MiB/s fsyncs: 53802.27/s latency (ms,95%): 0.163

60s reads: 0.00 MiB/s writes: 165.79 MiB/s fsyncs: 54356.93/s latency (ms,95%): 0.163

File operations:

reads/s: 0.00

writes/s: 42375.63

fsyncs/s: 54247.85

Throughput:

read, MiB/s: 0.00

written, MiB/s: 165.53

General statistics:

total time: 60.0048s

total number of events: 5797495

Latency (ms):

min: 0.00

avg: 0.04

max: 1.27

95th percentile: 0.16

sum: 236684.42

Threads fairness:

events (avg/stddev): 1449373.7500/3045.04

execution time (avg/stddev): 59.1711/0.01

5.顺序读测试（大文件场景

sysbench fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=seqrd --file-block-size=128k --threads=2 --time=60 --report-interval=10 run

测试结果

sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4)

Running the test with following options:

Number of threads: 2

Report intermediate results every 10 second(s)

Initializing random number generator from current time

Extra file open flags: (none)

128 files, 80MiB each

10GiB total file size

Block size 128KiB

Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.

Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.

Using synchronous I/O mode

Doing sequential read test

Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

10s reads: 10296.09 MiB/s writes: 0.00 MiB/s fsyncs: 0.00/s latency (ms,95%): 0.028

20s reads: 10471.65 MiB/s writes: 0.00 MiB/s fsyncs: 0.00/s latency (ms,95%): 0.026

30s reads: 10477.87 MiB/s writes: 0.00 MiB/s fsyncs: 0.00/s latency (ms,95%): 0.026

40s reads: 10478.95 MiB/s writes: 0.00 MiB/s fsyncs: 0.00/s latency (ms,95%): 0.026

50s reads: 10462.13 MiB/s writes: 0.00 MiB/s fsyncs: 0.00/s latency (ms,95%): 0.027

File operations:

reads/s: 83494.31

writes/s: 0.00

fsyncs/s: 0.00

Throughput:

read, MiB/s: 10436.79

written, MiB/s: 0.00

General statistics:

total time: 60.0003s

total number of events: 5010046

Latency (ms):

min: 0.02

avg: 0.02

max: 0.24

95th percentile: 0.03

sum: 117896.98

Threads fairness:

events (avg/stddev): 2505023.0000/3739.00

execution time (avg/stddev): 58.9485/0.01

6.顺序写测试

sysbench fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=seqwr --file-block-size=128k --threads=2 --time=60 --report-interval=10 run

测试结果

sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4)

Running the test with following options:

Number of threads: 2

Report intermediate results every 10 second(s)

Initializing random number generator from current time

Extra file open flags: (none)

128 files, 80MiB each

10GiB total file size

Block size 128KiB

Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.

Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.

Using synchronous I/O mode

Doing sequential write (creation) test

Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

10s reads: 0.00 MiB/s writes: 1211.07 MiB/s fsyncs: 12390.71/s latency (ms,95%): 0.125

20s reads: 0.00 MiB/s writes: 1002.50 MiB/s fsyncs: 10265.34/s latency (ms,95%): 0.068

30s reads: 0.00 MiB/s writes: 1004.72 MiB/s fsyncs: 10288.13/s latency (ms,95%): 0.097

40s reads: 0.00 MiB/s writes: 1004.03 MiB/s fsyncs: 10282.75/s latency (ms,95%): 0.104

50s reads: 0.00 MiB/s writes: 1003.61 MiB/s fsyncs: 10283.46/s latency (ms,95%): 0.102

60s reads: 0.00 MiB/s writes: 1004.11 MiB/s fsyncs: 10292.79/s latency (ms,95%): 0.108

File operations:

reads/s: 0.00

writes/s: 8306.47

fsyncs/s: 10635.73

Throughput:

read, MiB/s: 0.00

written, MiB/s: 1038.31

General statistics:

total time: 60.0047s

total number of events: 1136390

Latency (ms):

min: 0.00

avg: 0.10

max: 29.09

95th percentile: 0.10

sum: 119295.90

Threads fairness:

events (avg/stddev): 568195.0000/9776.00

execution time (avg/stddev): 59.6479/0.00

7.清理测试文件

sysbench fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=rndrw cleanup

四.针对结果分析

该性能远超单块 SATA SSD 的常规水平，可能的原因包括：

1. 缓存影响：SSD 自身的 SLC 缓存或虚拟化层的读写缓存未完全规避，导致测试结果虚高（可通过增大测试文件至内存 3 倍以上，或执行多次写测试后再测读性能，验证稳态性能）；
2. 底层存储阵列：宿主机的 SATA SSD 并非单盘，而是 RAID 0/RAID 10 阵列，通过多盘并行提升了 IOPS 和吞吐量；
3. 虚拟化层优化 ：启用了virtio-scsi多队列、SSD 直通等高级特性，极大降低了虚拟化层的 IO 损耗。