数控电源解决方案，包含电路设计、PCB布局、软件控制、保护机制。输出1-30V/3A可调，精度0.1V，效率>85%。
一、系统架构
输入电源 → 整流滤波 → Buck变换器 → 输出滤波 → 负载
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
24V AC/DC EMI滤波 STM32 PWM LC滤波
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
辅助电源 电压检测 电流检测 电压/电流采样
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
STM32供电 ADC采样 ADC采样 PID控制
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
LCD显示 按键设置 DAC基准 MOSFET驱动核心特性：
- 输出电压：1-30V 可调
- 输出电流：0-3A 可调
- 电压精度：±0.1V
- 电流精度：±10mA
- 纹波：<50mV
- 效率：>85%
- 保护：过压、过流、过温、短路
- 通信：UART、USB
- 显示：LCD/OLED
二、硬件电路设计
1、主电路拓扑
采用同步Buck拓扑：
输入24V → MOSFET Q1 → 电感L1 → 输出电容C1 → 负载
↓ ↓ ↓
MOSFET Q2 续流二极管 电压采样2、核心器件清单
| 器件 | 型号 | 参数 | 单价 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 主控 | STM32F103C8T6 | 72MHz, 64KB Flash | ¥12 |
| Buck控制器 | LM5117 | 同步Buck控制器 | ¥18 |
| 功率MOSFET | IRF3205 | 55V/110A | ¥8×2 |
| 电感 | 33μH/5A | 铁硅铝磁环 | ¥15 |
| 输出电容 | 470μF/50V | 低ESR电解 | ¥5 |
| 电流采样 | INA282 | 双向电流检测 | ¥6 |
| 运放 | LM358 | 双运放 | ¥2 |
| ADC基准 | REF3030 | 3.0V基准 | ¥5 |
| LCD | SSD1306 | 0.96寸OLED | ¥15 |
| 编码器 | EC11 | 旋转编码器 | ¥3 |
总成本：约 ¥100
三、原理图设计
1、STM32最小系统
kicad
STM32F103C8T6：
VDD: 3.3V → 100nF+10μF去耦
NRST: 10k上拉，100nF下拉
BOOT0: 10k下拉
OSC: 8MHz晶体 + 20pF×2
SWD: PA13/PA14调试接口2、同步Buck主电路
kicad
# Power_Section.sch
# 输入滤波
C1, C2: 100μF/50V电解
C3, C4: 100nF陶瓷
L1: 10μH共模电感
# Buck变换器 (LM5117)
U1: LM5117
VIN: 24V
HO: 驱动Q1 (高端MOS)
LO: 驱动Q2 (低端MOS)
COMP: 误差放大器补偿
FB: 反馈电压(0.8V)
# 功率MOSFET
Q1: IRF3205 (高端)
Q2: IRF3205 (低端)
R1, R2: 10Ω栅极电阻
D1, D2: 1N4148 栅极钳位
# 输出滤波
L2: 33μH/5A电感
C5: 470μF/50V电解
C6, C7: 100μF陶瓷
C8: 10μF陶瓷3、电压电流采样
kicad
# Sensing_Circuit.sch
# 电压采样 (分压比 1:10)
R3: 90k 1%
R4: 10k 1%
C9: 100nF滤波
-> ADC_IN1 (PA1)
# 电流采样 (INA282)
U2: INA282
Rsense: 0.05Ω/5W
Gain: 50V/V
OUT = (V+ - V-) × 50
Vref: 1.5V (中间电平)
-> ADC_IN2 (PA2)
# 温度采样
U3: LM35
Vout = 10mV/°C
-> ADC_IN3 (PA3)4、控制接口
kicad
# Control_Interface.sch
# 编码器
EC11: A→PA6, B→PA7, SW→PB0
# 10k上拉，100nF去抖
# 按键
S1: SET → PB1
S2: UP → PB10
S3: DOWN → PB11
# 10k上拉，100nF去抖
# LCD (I2C)
U4: SSD1306
SCL → PB8
SDA → PB9
VCC: 3.3V5、辅助电源
kicad
# Aux_Power.sch
# 24V转5V (Buck)
U5: LM2596-5.0
IN: 24V
OUT: 5V/1A
L3: 100μH
C10: 100μF/50V
# 5V转3.3V (LDO)
U6: AMS1117-3.3
IN: 5V
OUT: 3.3V/500mA
C11, C12: 10μF陶瓷四、PCB布局要点
kicad
PCB布局要求：
1. 功率路径最短
2. 信号与功率分离
3. 大电流路径加宽
4. 散热处理
层叠结构：
Top: 信号+少量功率
Mid1: GND平面
Mid2: 3.3V平面
Bottom: 功率路径
布线规则：
- 功率线：2mm宽/1A
- 反馈线：远离噪声源
- 地平面：完整，多点接地五、STM32软件设计
1、项目结构
Digital_Power_Supply/
├── Core/
│ ├── main.c
│ └── stm32f1xx_it.c
├── Drivers/
│ ├── pwm.c
│ ├── adc.c
│ ├── dac.c
│ ├── pid.c
│ ├── encoder.c
│ └── lcd.c
├── Middlewares/
│ └── FreeRTOS/
└── Application/
├── power_control.c
├── user_interface.c
├── protection.c
└── calibration.c2、主控制头文件
c
// power_supply.h
#ifndef POWER_SUPPLY_H
#define POWER_SUPPLY_H
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
// 电源状态
typedef enum {
STATE_OFF = 0,
STATE_STANDBY,
STATE_RUNNING,
STATE_CV, // 恒压模式
STATE_CC, // 恒流模式
STATE_ERROR
} Power_State_t;
// 保护状态
typedef enum {
PROTECT_NONE = 0,
PROTECT_OVP, // 过压
PROTECT_OCP, // 过流
PROTECT_OTP, // 过温
PROTECT_SCP, // 短路
} Protect_State_t;
// 电源参数
typedef struct {
float voltage_set; // 设定电压
float voltage_actual; // 实际电压
float current_set; // 设定电流
float current_actual; // 实际电流
float power; // 输出功率
float temperature; // 温度
uint8_t enable; // 输出使能
} Power_Params_t;
// PID参数
typedef struct {
float kp;
float ki;
float kd;
float integral_max;
float output_max;
float output_min;
} PID_Params_t;
// 全局实例
extern Power_Params_t power;
extern PID_Params_t pid_voltage;
extern PID_Params_t pid_current;
// 函数声明
void Power_Init(void);
void Power_Set_Voltage(float voltage);
void Power_Set_Current(float current);
void Power_Enable(uint8_t enable);
void Power_Protection_Check(void);
void Power_Update_Display(void);
float Read_Voltage(void);
float Read_Current(void);
float Read_Temperature(void);
#endif3、主程序
c
// main.c
#include "power_supply.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include "encoder.h"
// 全局变量
Power_Params_t power = {0};
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim1;
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;
DAC_HandleTypeDef hdac;
int main(void)
{
// 1. HAL初始化
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
// 2. 外设初始化
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_DMA_Init();
MX_TIM1_Init(); // PWM
MX_ADC1_Init(); // ADC
MX_DAC_Init(); // DAC
MX_USART1_Init(); // 串口
MX_I2C1_Init(); // I2C (LCD)
// 3. 驱动初始化
PWM_Init();
ADC_Init();
DAC_Init();
Encoder_Init();
LCD_Init();
// 4. 电源初始化
Power_Init();
// 5. 启动FreeRTOS
osKernelInitialize();
// 创建任务
xTaskCreate(Power_Control_Task, "Power", 256, NULL, 5, NULL);
xTaskCreate(UI_Task, "UI", 256, NULL, 4, NULL);
xTaskCreate(Protection_Task, "Protect", 128, NULL, 6, NULL);
osKernelStart();
while(1) { }
}4、PWM控制（LM5117驱动）
c
// pwm.c
#include "pwm.h"
// PWM配置
void PWM_Init(void)
{
TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};
// 定时器1时钟：72MHz
htim1.Instance = TIM1;
htim1.Init.Prescaler = 0; // 不分频
htim1.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim1.Init.Period = 7199; // 10kHz PWM
htim1.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
htim1.Init.RepetitionCounter = 0;
htim1.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_ENABLE;
HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim1);
// 通道1配置 (PA8)
sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
sConfigOC.Pulse = 0; // 初始占空比0%
sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
sConfigOC.OCNPolarity = TIM_OCNPOLARITY_HIGH;
sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
sConfigOC.OCIdleState = TIM_OCIDLESTATE_RESET;
sConfigOC.OCNIdleState = TIM_OCNIDLESTATE_RESET;
HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim1, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
// 启动PWM
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
}
// 设置PWM占空比
void PWM_Set_Duty(float duty_cycle)
{
uint16_t compare_value;
// 限制范围 0-100%
if(duty_cycle < 0) duty_cycle = 0;
if(duty_cycle > 100) duty_cycle = 100;
// 计算比较值
compare_value = (uint16_t)(duty_cycle * 7199 / 100.0f);
// 设置比较寄存器
__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_1, compare_value);
}
// 设置输出电压
void PWM_Set_Voltage(float voltage)
{
float duty_cycle;
// 电压->占空比转换: D = Vout / Vin
duty_cycle = (voltage / 24.0f) * 100.0f; // 输入24V
// 限制最大占空比
if(duty_cycle > 90) duty_cycle = 90; // 留10%余量
PWM_Set_Duty(duty_cycle);
}5、ADC采样
c
// adc.c
#include "adc.h"
// ADC初始化
void ADC_Init(void)
{
ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};
// ADC1初始化
hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_ENABLE;
hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE;
hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 3;
HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1);
// 配置通道0: 电压采样 (PA1)
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_1;
sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_71CYCLES_5;
HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig);
// 配置通道1: 电流采样 (PA2)
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_2;
sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_2;
HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig);
// 配置通道2: 温度采样 (PA3)
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_3;
sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_3;
HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig);
// 启动ADC
HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);
}
// 读取电压
float Read_Voltage(void)
{
uint32_t adc_value;
float voltage;
// 选择通道1
ADC1->SQR3 = ADC_CHANNEL_1;
// 启动转换
HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);
HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, 10);
adc_value = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
HAL_ADC_Stop(&hadc1);
// ADC值转电压
// 分压比 1:10, ADC基准3.0V
voltage = (adc_value * 3.0f / 4095.0f) * 10.0f;
return voltage;
}
// 读取电流
float Read_Current(void)
{
uint32_t adc_value;
float voltage, current;
// 选择通道2
ADC1->SQR3 = ADC_CHANNEL_2;
HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);
HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, 10);
adc_value = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
HAL_ADC_Stop(&hadc1);
// INA282: Vout = (V+ - V-) * 50 + 1.5V
// 采样电阻0.05Ω
voltage = adc_value * 3.0f / 4095.0f;
// 计算电流
// (Vout - 1.5V) / 50 = 采样电阻电压
// 电流 = 采样电阻电压 / 0.05Ω
current = ((voltage - 1.5f) / 50.0f) / 0.05f;
return current;
}
// 读取温度
float Read_Temperature(void)
{
uint32_t adc_value;
float temperature;
// 选择通道3
ADC1->SQR3 = ADC_CHANNEL_3;
HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);
HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, 10);
adc_value = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
HAL_ADC_Stop(&hadc1);
// LM35: 10mV/°C
temperature = (adc_value * 3.0f / 4095.0f) * 100.0f;
return temperature;
}6、PID控制算法
c
// pid.c
#include "pid.h"
// PID控制器
typedef struct {
float kp, ki, kd;
float integral;
float prev_error;
float output;
float output_max;
float output_min;
} PID_Controller;
static PID_Controller pid_voltage = {0};
static PID_Controller pid_current = {0};
// PID初始化
void PID_Init(void)
{
// 电压环PID
pid_voltage.kp = 0.5f;
pid_voltage.ki = 0.1f;
pid_voltage.kd = 0.01f;
pid_voltage.integral = 0;
pid_voltage.prev_error = 0;
pid_voltage.output_max = 90.0f; // 最大占空比90%
pid_voltage.output_min = 0.0f;
// 电流环PID
pid_current.kp = 1.0f;
pid_current.ki = 0.2f;
pid_current.kd = 0.0f;
pid_current.integral = 0;
pid_current.prev_error = 0;
pid_current.output_max = 90.0f;
pid_current.output_min = 0.0f;
}
// PID计算
float PID_Calculate(PID_Controller *pid, float setpoint, float actual, float dt)
{
float error, derivative, output;
// 计算误差
error = setpoint - actual;
// 积分项
pid->integral += error * dt;
// 积分限幅
if(pid->integral > pid->output_max) pid->integral = pid->output_max;
if(pid->integral < pid->output_min) pid->integral = pid->output_min;
// 微分项
derivative = (error - pid->prev_error) / dt;
// PID输出
output = pid->kp * error +
pid->ki * pid->integral +
pid->kd * derivative;
// 输出限幅
if(output > pid->output_max) output = pid->output_max;
if(output < pid->output_min) output = pid->output_min;
// 保存误差
pid->prev_error = error;
return output;
}
// 电压环控制
float PID_Voltage_Control(float voltage_set, float voltage_actual, float dt)
{
return PID_Calculate(&pid_voltage, voltage_set, voltage_actual, dt);
}
// 电流环控制
float PID_Current_Control(float current_set, float current_actual, float dt)
{
return PID_Calculate(&pid_current, current_set, current_actual, dt);
}7、电源控制任务
c
// power_control.c
#include "power_control.h"
// 电源控制状态机
void Power_Control_Task(void *argument)
{
static uint32_t last_time = 0;
float duty_cycle;
float dt;
while(1)
{
// 计算时间间隔
uint32_t current_time = HAL_GetTick();
dt = (current_time - last_time) / 1000.0f; // 秒
if(dt <= 0) dt = 0.001f;
last_time = current_time;
// 读取实际值
power.voltage_actual = Read_Voltage();
power.current_actual = Read_Current();
power.temperature = Read_Temperature();
// 计算功率
power.power = power.voltage_actual * power.current_actual;
if(power.enable)
{
// 恒压/恒流模式切换
if(power.current_actual >= power.current_set)
{
// 进入恒流模式
duty_cycle = PID_Current_Control(power.current_set,
power.current_actual, dt);
}
else
{
// 进入恒压模式
duty_cycle = PID_Voltage_Control(power.voltage_set,
power.voltage_actual, dt);
}
// 设置PWM
PWM_Set_Duty(duty_cycle);
}
else
{
// 关闭输出
PWM_Set_Duty(0);
}
// 任务延时
osDelay(10); // 100Hz控制频率
}
}8、保护功能
c
// protection.c
#include "protection.h"
// 保护状态
static Protect_State_t protect_state = PROTECT_NONE;
static uint32_t fault_timer = 0;
// 保护检查任务
void Protection_Task(void *argument)
{
static uint8_t ovp_count = 0;
static uint8_t ocp_count = 0;
while(1)
{
// 过压保护 (30.5V)
if(power.voltage_actual > 30.5f)
{
ovp_count++;
if(ovp_count > 5) // 连续5次过压
{
protect_state = PROTECT_OVP;
Power_Enable(0);
fault_timer = HAL_GetTick();
}
}
else
{
ovp_count = 0;
}
// 过流保护 (3.2A)
if(power.current_actual > 3.2f)
{
ocp_count++;
if(ocp_count > 5) // 连续5次过流
{
protect_state = PROTECT_OCP;
Power_Enable(0);
fault_timer = HAL_GetTick();
}
}
else
{
ocp_count = 0;
}
// 过温保护 (80°C)
if(power.temperature > 80.0f)
{
protect_state = PROTECT_OTP;
Power_Enable(0);
fault_timer = HAL_GetTick();
}
// 短路保护
if(power.voltage_actual < 1.0f && power.current_actual > 2.0f)
{
protect_state = PROTECT_SCP;
Power_Enable(0);
fault_timer = HAL_GetTick();
}
// 自动恢复
if(protect_state != PROTECT_NONE)
{
if(HAL_GetTick() - fault_timer > 5000) // 5秒后自动恢复
{
protect_state = PROTECT_NONE;
Power_Enable(1);
}
}
osDelay(100); // 10Hz保护检查
}
}
// 获取保护状态
Protect_State_t Get_Protect_State(void)
{
return protect_state;
}
// 清除保护
void Clear_Protection(void)
{
protect_state = PROTECT_NONE;
Power_Enable(1);
}9、用户界面
c
// user_interface.c
#include "user_interface.h"
// 编码器处理
void Encoder_Handler(void)
{
static int16_t last_count = 0;
int16_t current_count = Encoder_Get_Count();
int16_t delta = current_count - last_count;
if(delta != 0)
{
if(encoder_mode == MODE_VOLTAGE)
{
// 调整电压
power.voltage_set += delta * 0.1f; // 0.1V/步
if(power.voltage_set < 1.0f) power.voltage_set = 1.0f;
if(power.voltage_set > 30.0f) power.voltage_set = 30.0f;
}
else if(encoder_mode == MODE_CURRENT)
{
// 调整电流
power.current_set += delta * 0.01f; // 10mA/步
if(power.current_set < 0.1f) power.current_set = 0.1f;
if(power.current_set > 3.0f) power.current_set = 3.0f;
}
last_count = current_count;
}
// 编码器按键
if(Encoder_Button_Pressed())
{
encoder_mode = (encoder_mode + 1) % 2; // 切换模式
}
}
// UI任务
void UI_Task(void *argument)
{
char buffer[32];
while(1)
{
// 处理编码器
Encoder_Handler();
// 更新LCD显示
LCD_Clear();
// 显示电压
sprintf(buffer, "Vset: %.1fV", power.voltage_set);
LCD_Write_String(0, 0, buffer);
sprintf(buffer, "Vout: %.2fV", power.voltage_actual);
LCD_Write_String(0, 1, buffer);
// 显示电流
sprintf(buffer, "Iset: %.2fA", power.current_set);
LCD_Write_String(0, 2, buffer);
sprintf(buffer, "Iout: %.3fA", power.current_actual);
LCD_Write_String(0, 3, buffer);
// 显示功率和温度
sprintf(buffer, "P: %.1fW T: %.1fC", power.power, power.temperature);
LCD_Write_String(0, 4, buffer);
// 显示模式
if(encoder_mode == MODE_VOLTAGE)
LCD_Write_String(0, 5, "Mode: Voltage");
else
LCD_Write_String(0, 5, "Mode: Current");
// 显示保护状态
if(protect_state != PROTECT_NONE)
{
switch(protect_state)
{
case PROTECT_OVP: LCD_Write_String(0, 6, "PROTECT: OVP"); break;
case PROTECT_OCP: LCD_Write_String(0, 6, "PROTECT: OCP"); break;
case PROTECT_OTP: LCD_Write_String(0, 6, "PROTECT: OTP"); break;
case PROTECT_SCP: LCD_Write_String(0, 6, "PROTECT: SCP"); break;
}
}
// 任务延时
osDelay(200); // 5Hz刷新
}
}10、校准功能
c
// calibration.c
#include "calibration.h"
// 校准参数
typedef struct {
float voltage_gain; // 电压增益
float voltage_offset; // 电压偏移
float current_gain; // 电流增益
float current_offset; // 电流偏移
} Calibration_Params_t;
static Calibration_Params_t calib = {1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f};
// 电压校准
void Calibrate_Voltage(float actual_voltage)
{
float measured_voltage = Read_Voltage();
// 计算增益和偏移
// 假设两点校准：0V和10V
static uint8_t calib_step = 0;
if(calib_step == 0)
{
// 零点校准
calib.voltage_offset = actual_voltage - measured_voltage;
calib_step = 1;
}
else if(calib_step == 1)
{
// 增益校准
float gain = (actual_voltage - calib.voltage_offset) / measured_voltage;
calib.voltage_gain = gain;
calib_step = 0;
}
}
// 应用校准
float Apply_Voltage_Calibration(float raw_voltage)
{
return raw_voltage * calib.voltage_gain + calib.voltage_offset;
}
float Apply_Current_Calibration(float raw_current)
{
return raw_current * calib.current_gain + calib.current_offset;
}参考代码 基于STM32F103的数控电源电路设计输出电源1-30V可调 www.youwenfan.com/contentcsu/70126.html
六、串口通信协议
c
// serial_protocol.c
#include "serial_protocol.h"
// 通信协议
typedef struct {
uint8_t header[2]; // 0xAA 0x55
uint8_t cmd; // 命令
uint8_t length; // 数据长度
uint8_t data[16]; // 数据
uint8_t checksum; // 校验和
} Serial_Packet_t;
// 命令定义
#define CMD_SET_VOLTAGE 0x01
#define CMD_SET_CURRENT 0x02
#define CMD_GET_STATUS 0x03
#define CMD_ENABLE_OUTPUT 0x04
#define CMD_CALIBRATE 0x05
// 串口接收处理
void UART_Rx_Handler(uint8_t *data, uint16_t size)
{
static uint8_t rx_buffer[32];
static uint8_t rx_index = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
rx_buffer[rx_index++] = data[i];
// 检查包头
if(rx_index >= 2 && rx_buffer[0] == 0xAA && rx_buffer[1] == 0x55)
{
if(rx_index >= 4) // 至少4字节
{
uint8_t pkt_length = rx_buffer[3];
if(rx_index >= pkt_length + 5) // 完整包
{
Process_Packet((Serial_Packet_t*)rx_buffer);
rx_index = 0;
}
}
}
else if(rx_index >= 2)
{
// 包头错误，清空缓冲区
rx_index = 0;
}
}
}
// 处理数据包
void Process_Packet(Serial_Packet_t *packet)
{
uint8_t checksum = Calculate_Checksum(packet);
if(checksum != packet->checksum) return;
switch(packet->cmd)
{
case CMD_SET_VOLTAGE:
{
float voltage = *(float*)packet->data;
Power_Set_Voltage(voltage);
break;
}
case CMD_SET_CURRENT:
{
float current = *(float*)packet->data;
Power_Set_Current(current);
break;
}
case CMD_GET_STATUS:
{
Send_Status_Packet();
break;
}
case CMD_ENABLE_OUTPUT:
{
Power_Enable(packet->data[0]);
break;
}
}
}七、PCB设计注意事项
kicad
PCB设计要点：
1. 功率部分：
- 输入/输出电容靠近MOSFET
- 大电流路径加宽（2mm/A）
- 地平面完整
- 散热焊盘
2. 信号部分：
- ADC走线远离功率线
- 模拟地单点连接
- 反馈线短而粗
3. 布局：
- 功率在左侧
- 控制在中部
- 接口在右侧
- 散热器在上方
4. 过孔：
- 功率过孔多打
- 信号过孔避让
- 地过孔包围
5. 丝印：
- 关键测试点
- 接口定义
- 警告标识八、调试与测试
c
// 测试程序
void Test_Power_Supply(void)
{
printf("=== 数控电源测试 ===\n");
// 1. 基本功能测试
printf("1. 基本功能测试...\n");
Power_Set_Voltage(5.0f);
Power_Set_Current(1.0f);
Power_Enable(1);
HAL_Delay(1000);
// 2. 电压测试
printf("2. 电压测试...\n");
for(float v = 1.0f; v <= 30.0f; v += 1.0f)
{
Power_Set_Voltage(v);
HAL_Delay(100);
float measured = Read_Voltage();
printf("Set: %.1fV, Measured: %.2fV\n", v, measured);
}
// 3. 电流测试
printf("3. 电流测试...\n");
for(float i = 0.1f; i <= 3.0f; i += 0.1f)
{
Power_Set_Current(i);
HAL_Delay(100);
float measured = Read_Current();
printf("Set: %.1fA, Measured: %.3fA\n", i, measured);
}
// 4. 保护测试
printf("4. 保护测试...\n");
Power_Set_Voltage(31.0f); // 触发过压
HAL_Delay(100);
printf("测试完成！\n");
}