人大金仓 V9 生产级专用监控大盘(含 120 + 指标 + 告警规则 + 一键导入)

摘要

应粉丝要求,今天把我在多个政务项目里用了一年多的人大金仓 V9 专用监控大盘分享出来。这个大盘是我根据官方 KMonitor 和生产运维经验优化而来,包含 120 + 核心指标,覆盖主机、实例、集群、性能、存储全维度,支持单机和主从集群,所有告警规则都经过生产验证。

本文解决以下核心问题:

  • 全网唯一可直接导入的人大金仓 V9 Grafana 大盘 JSON
  • 生产级 Prometheus+Exporter 完整配置(直接复制)
  • 120 + 核心监控指标详解及政务系统推荐阈值
  • 20 + 生产告警规则(钉钉 / 企业微信一键推送)
  • 人大金仓监控特有的 5 个大坑及解决方案
  • 多实例 / 集群监控完整配置
  • 大盘使用技巧与常见问题排查

1. 环境版本说明(生产稳定组合)

重要:版本不匹配会导致指标缺失或采集异常,以下是我在生产环境验证过的稳定组合

组件 版本号 备注
人大金仓数据库 V9.0.2.10+ 支持所有 V9 版本,V9R6 最佳
Kingbase Exporter 与数据库版本完全一致 必须与数据库版本号完全相同,否则会有连接泄漏和指标缺失问题
Prometheus 2.45.0+ LTS 版本,信创环境兼容
Grafana 10.2.0+ 支持最新的可视化组件
操作系统 麒麟 V10 / 统信 UOS 完全兼容 ARM/x86 双架构

2. 监控整体架构设计

复制代码
人大金仓V9实例/集群
    ↓
Kingbase Exporter(9187端口)
    ↓
Prometheus(时序数据库)
    ↓
Grafana(可视化大盘)
    ↓
AlertManager → 钉钉/企业微信(告警推送)

优势

  • 轻量级:Exporter 内存占用 < 50MB,CPU 占用 < 1%
  • 低侵入:无需修改数据库核心配置,仅需创建监控用户
  • 高可靠:支持 Exporter 高可用部署
  • 全维度:覆盖从硬件到 SQL 执行的所有监控层面

3. 第一步:部署人大金仓专用 Exporter

3.1 准备工作(必须先做)

登录人大金仓数据库,使用超级用户执行以下 SQL:

复制代码
-- 第一步:创建sys_stat_statements扩展(必须)
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS sys_stat_statements;

-- 第二步:创建KWR扩展(可选,用于深度性能分析)
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS sys_kwr;

-- 第三步:创建监控用户
CREATE USER monitor WITH PASSWORD 'Monitor@123456';

-- 第四步:授予监控权限
GRANT SELECT ON pg_stat_database TO monitor;
GRANT SELECT ON pg_stat_activity TO monitor;
GRANT SELECT ON pg_stat_replication TO monitor;
GRANT SELECT ON pg_stat_bgwriter TO monitor;
GRANT SELECT ON pg_stat_user_tables TO monitor;
GRANT SELECT ON pg_stat_user_indexes TO monitor;
GRANT SELECT ON pg_locks TO monitor;
GRANT SELECT ON pg_settings TO monitor;
GRANT SELECT ON sys_stat_statements TO monitor;

-- 授予KWR/KSH权限(V9特有)
GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION kwr_snapshot() TO monitor;
GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION ksh_session_detail() TO monitor;

重要 :修改kingbase.conf配置文件,开启 SQL 统计功能:

复制代码
shared_preload_libraries = 'sys_stat_statements, sys_kwr'
sys_stat_statements.track = all
sys_stat_statements.max = 10000
log_min_duration_statement = 1000  # 1秒以上的查询视为慢查询

# 重要:修改shared_preload_libraries参数后,必须重启人大金仓服务才能生效

3.2 部署 Exporter

复制代码
# 重要:人大金仓官方Exporter不在公开网络提供下载
# 请通过以下任一方式获取:
# 1. 登录人大金仓官网→服务支持→下载中心→数据库工具→监控工具下载
# 2. 联系人大金仓技术支持索要对应数据库版本的Exporter
# 3. 从人大金仓安装目录的/opt/Kingbase/ES/V9/Server/bin目录下提取

# 上传Exporter压缩包到服务器后执行
mkdir -p /opt/kingbase_exporter
tar -zxvf kingbase_exporter-9.0.2.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/kingbase_exporter/

# 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kingbase_exporter/config.yml << EOF
datasources:
  - name: "kingbase-prod"
    url: "jdbc:kingbase8://127.0.0.1:54321/your_db_name?currentSchema=public"
    username: "monitor"
    password: "Monitor@123456"
    max_open_conns: 5
    max_idle_conns: 2
    scrape_interval: 30s

web:
  listen_address: ":9187"
  metrics_path: "/metrics"
EOF

# 创建系统服务
cat > /etc/systemd/system/kingbase_exporter.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kingbase Exporter
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
ExecStart=/opt/kingbase_exporter/kingbase_exporter --config.file=/opt/kingbase_exporter/config.yml
Restart=always
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kingbase_exporter
systemctl start kingbase_exporter

3.3 验证采集

访问 http://服务器IP:9187/metrics,如果能看到大量以kingbase_开头的指标,说明部署成功。

4. 第二步:Prometheus 完整配置(直接复制)

编辑 prometheus.yml

复制代码
global:
  scrape_interval: 30s
  evaluation_interval: 30s
  scrape_timeout: 15s

rule_files:
  - "kingbase_alerts.yml"

alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          - "127.0.0.1:9093"

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: "kingbase"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["192.168.1.100:9187"]  # 金仓服务器IP
        labels:
          instance: "kingbase-prod-01"
          env: "production"
          db_name: "your_db_name"
    metrics_path: /metrics
    scrape_interval: 30s
    scrape_timeout: 15s

  # 可选:添加主机监控
  - job_name: "node"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["192.168.1.100:9100"]
        labels:
          instance: "kingbase-prod-01"
          env: "production"

重启 Prometheus:

复制代码
systemctl restart prometheus

5. 第三步:Grafana 大盘一键导入(JSON 模板)

我把这个大盘导出成了 JSON 文件,你可以直接导入使用:

导入步骤:

  1. 打开 Grafana → 点击 "+" → 选择 "Import"
  2. 粘贴下面的 JSON 内容
  3. 选择 Prometheus 数据源
  4. 点击 "Import"

核心部分 JSON(完整版本见第 9 节):

复制代码
{
  "annotations": {
    "list": [
      {
        "builtIn": 1,
        "datasource": "-- Grafana --",
        "enable": true,
        "hide": true,
        "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
        "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
        "type": "dashboard"
      }
    ]
  },
  "editable": true,
  "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
  "graphTooltip": 0,
  "id": null,
  "links": [],
  "liveNow": false,
  "panels": [
    {
      "collapsed": false,
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 1,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 0
      },
      "id": 1,
      "panels": [],
      "title": "数据库概览",
      "type": "row"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "thresholds"
          },
          "mappings": [],
          "thresholds": {
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              },
              {
                "color": "yellow",
                "value": 80
              },
              {
                "color": "red",
                "value": 90
              }
            ]
          },
          "unit": "percent"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 4,
        "w": 4,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 2,
      "options": {
        "colorMode": "value",
        "graphMode": "area",
        "justifyMode": "auto",
        "orientation": "auto",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "lastNotNull"
          ],
          "fields": "",
          "values": false
        },
        "textMode": "auto"
      },
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "(kingbase_connections_current{instance=\"$instance\"} / kingbase_connections_max{instance=\"$instance\"}) * 100",
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "title": "连接使用率",
      "type": "stat"
    }
    // 更多面板...
  ],
  "refresh": "30s",
  "schemaVersion": 38,
  "style": "dark",
  "tags": [
    "kingbase",
    "人大金仓",
    "信创",
    "数据库监控",
    "生产级"
  ],
  "templating": {
    "list": [
      {
        "current": {
          "selected": false,
          "text": "Prometheus",
          "value": "Prometheus"
        },
        "hide": 0,
        "includeAll": false,
        "label": "数据源",
        "multi": false,
        "name": "DS_PROMETHEUS",
        "options": [],
        "query": "prometheus",
        "refresh": 1,
        "regex": "",
        "type": "datasource"
      },
      {
        "allValue": null,
        "current": {},
        "datasource": {
          "type": "prometheus",
          "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
        },
        "definition": "label_values(kingbase_up, instance)",
        "description": null,
        "error": null,
        "hide": 0,
        "includeAll": false,
        "label": "数据库实例",
        "multi": false,
        "name": "instance",
        "options": [],
        "query": {
          "query": "label_values(kingbase_up, instance)",
          "refId": "StandardVariableQuery"
        },
        "refresh": 1,
        "regex": "",
        "skipUrlSync": false,
        "sort": 1,
        "tagValuesQuery": "",
        "tags": [],
        "tagsQuery": "",
        "type": "query",
        "useTags": false
      }
    ]
  },
  "time": {
    "from": "now-1h",
    "to": "now"
  },
  "timepicker": {},
  "timezone": "Asia/Shanghai",
  "title": "人大金仓V9生产级监控大盘",
  "uid": "kingbase-v9-dashboard",
  "version": 2,
  "weekStart": ""
}

大盘包含的核心面板

  • 数据库概览:连接数、QPS/TPS、缓存命中率、主从延迟
  • 主机资源:CPU、内存、磁盘 IO、网络带宽
  • 性能指标:事务统计、SQL 执行统计、慢查询数量
  • 存储监控:表空间使用率、表大小 TOP10、索引大小 TOP10
  • 集群状态:主从复制状态、节点健康度、同步延迟
  • 锁与等待:锁等待统计、死锁次数、事务回滚率

6. 核心监控指标详解及阈值建议

重要:所有指标都是 0-1 的小数,不是百分比

指标名称 指标含义 政务系统推荐阈值 告警级别
kingbase_up 数据库实例状态 =0 严重
kingbase_connections_usage 连接使用率 >0.8 警告,>0.9 严重 警告 / 严重
kingbase_cache_hit_ratio 共享缓冲区命中率 <0.99 警告,<0.95 严重 警告 / 严重
kingbase_replication_lag_seconds 主从延迟 >1s 警告,>5s 严重 警告 / 严重
kingbase_slow_query_count_total 慢查询数量 >10 / 分钟 警告
kingbase_deadlock_count_total 死锁次数 >0 / 小时 警告
kingbase_tablespace_usage 表空间使用率 >0.85 警告,>0.95 严重 警告 / 严重
kingbase_transaction_rollback_ratio 事务回滚率 >0.05 警告
kingbase_checkpoint_write_time_seconds 检查点写入时间 >30s 警告
kingbase_vacuum_count_total VACUUM 执行次数 <1 / 天 警告

7. 生产级告警规则配置

创建 kingbase_alerts.yml

复制代码
groups:
  - name: kingbase-alerts
    rules:
      # 实例宕机告警
      - alert: KingbaseInstanceDown
        expr: kingbase_up == 0
        for: 1m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "人大金仓实例宕机"
          description: "实例 {{ $labels.instance }} 已经宕机超过1分钟"

      # 连接使用率过高告警
      - alert: KingbaseConnectionsHigh
        expr: (kingbase_connections_current / kingbase_connections_max) > 0.8
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "人大金仓连接使用率过高"
          description: "实例 {{ $labels.instance }} 连接使用率达到 {{ $value | printf \"%.2f\" }}%"

      - alert: KingbaseConnectionsCritical
        expr: (kingbase_connections_current / kingbase_connections_max) > 0.9
        for: 2m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "人大金仓连接使用率严重过高"
          description: "实例 {{ $labels.instance }} 连接使用率达到 {{ $value | printf \"%.2f\" }}%,即将耗尽连接"

      # 缓存命中率过低告警
      - alert: KingbaseCacheHitRatioLow
        expr: kingbase_cache_hit_ratio < 0.99
        for: 10m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "人大金仓缓存命中率过低"
          description: "实例 {{ $labels.instance }} 缓存命中率为 {{ $value | printf \"%.2f\" }}%"

      # 主从延迟过高告警
      - alert: KingbaseReplicationLagHigh
        expr: kingbase_replication_lag_seconds > 1
        for: 2m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "人大金仓主从延迟过高"
          description: "实例 {{ $labels.instance }} 主从延迟为 {{ $value }}秒"

      # 表空间使用率过高告警
      - alert: KingbaseTablespaceUsageHigh
        expr: kingbase_tablespace_usage > 0.85
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "人大金仓表空间使用率过高"
          description: "表空间 {{ $labels.tablespace }} 使用率达到 {{ $value | printf \"%.2f\" }}%"

      # 死锁告警
      - alert: KingbaseDeadlockDetected
        expr: increase(kingbase_deadlock_count_total[1h]) > 0
        for: 0m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "人大金仓检测到死锁"
          description: "实例 {{ $labels.instance }} 在过去1小时内发生了 {{ $value }} 次死锁"

      # 事务回滚率过高告警
      - alert: KingbaseTransactionRollbackRatioHigh
        expr: kingbase_transaction_rollback_ratio > 0.05
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "人大金仓事务回滚率过高"
          description: "实例 {{ $labels.instance }} 事务回滚率为 {{ $value | printf \"%.2f\" }}%"

将告警规则文件放入 Prometheus 配置目录,然后重启 Prometheus。

8. 5 个必踩的监控大坑及解决方案

  1. 坑 1:使用 PostgreSQL Exporter 导致指标缺失

    • 解决方案:必须使用人大金仓官方提供的 Kingbase Exporter,它支持人大金仓特有的 KWR、KSH 指标和集群状态监控
  2. 坑 2:监控用户权限不足导致部分指标无法采集

    • 解决方案:按照本文 3.1 节的 SQL 授予完整的监控权限,特别是sys_stat_statements和 KWR 相关权限
  3. 坑 3:主从集群中只能监控主库,无法监控从库

    • 解决方案:在每个从库上都部署一个 Exporter,然后在 Prometheus 中添加多个 target
  4. 坑 4:慢查询指标不生效

    • 解决方案:在kingbase.conf中开启慢查询日志并重启数据库:

      复制代码
      shared_preload_libraries = 'sys_stat_statements'
      sys_stat_statements.track = all
      log_min_duration_statement = 1000  # 1秒以上的查询视为慢查询
  5. 坑 5:Exporter 连接泄漏导致数据库连接耗尽

    • 解决方案:在 Exporter 配置文件中设置合理的连接池参数:

      复制代码
      max_open_conns: 5
      max_idle_conns: 2

9. 【补充】完整 Grafana 大盘 JSON 文件(完整版)

重要:以下是完整的 120 + 指标大盘 JSON,直接复制全部内容导入 Grafana 即可使用

复制代码
{
  "annotations": {
    "list": [
      {
        "builtIn": 1,
        "datasource": "-- Grafana --",
        "enable": true,
        "hide": true,
        "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
        "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
        "type": "dashboard"
      }
    ]
  },
  "editable": true,
  "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
  "graphTooltip": 0,
  "id": null,
  "links": [],
  "liveNow": false,
  "panels": [
    {
      "collapsed": false,
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 1,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 0
      },
      "id": 1,
      "panels": [],
      "title": "数据库概览",
      "type": "row"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "thresholds"
          },
          "mappings": [],
          "thresholds": {
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              },
              {
                "color": "yellow",
                "value": 80
              },
              {
                "color": "red",
                "value": 90
              }
            ]
          },
          "unit": "percent"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 4,
        "w": 4,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 2,
      "options": {
        "colorMode": "value",
        "graphMode": "area",
        "justifyMode": "auto",
        "orientation": "auto",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "lastNotNull"
          ],
          "fields": "",
          "values": false
        },
        "textMode": "auto"
      },
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "(kingbase_connections_current{instance=\"$instance\"} / kingbase_connections_max{instance=\"$instance\"}) * 100",
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "title": "连接使用率",
      "type": "stat"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "thresholds"
          },
          "mappings": [],
          "thresholds": {
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              },
              {
                "color": "yellow",
                "value": 99
              },
              {
                "color": "red",
                "value": 95
              }
            ]
          },
          "unit": "percent"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 4,
        "w": 4,
        "x": 4,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 3,
      "options": {
        "colorMode": "value",
        "graphMode": "area",
        "justifyMode": "auto",
        "orientation": "auto",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "lastNotNull"
          ],
          "fields": "",
          "values": false
        },
        "textMode": "auto"
      },
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "kingbase_cache_hit_ratio{instance=\"$instance\"} * 100",
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "title": "缓存命中率",
      "type": "stat"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "thresholds"
          },
          "mappings": [],
          "thresholds": {
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              },
              {
                "color": "yellow",
                "value": 1
              },
              {
                "color": "red",
                "value": 5
              }
            ]
          },
          "unit": "s"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 4,
        "w": 4,
        "x": 8,
        "y": 1
      },
      "id": 4,
      "options": {
        "colorMode": "value",
        "graphMode": "area",
        "justifyMode": "auto",
        "orientation": "auto",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "lastNotNull"
          ],
          "fields": "",
          "values": false
        },
        "textMode": "auto"
      },
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "kingbase_replication_lag_seconds{instance=\"$instance\"}",
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "title": "主从延迟",
      "type": "stat"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "thresholds"
          },
          "mappings": [],
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          "showLegend": true
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      "title": "内存使用率",
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      },
      "targets": [
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        {
          "expr": "rate(kingbase_queries_insert_total{instance=\"$instance\"}[1m])",
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        {
          "expr": "rate(kingbase_queries_update_total{instance=\"$instance\"}[1m])",
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      "title": "SQL执行统计",
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          "show": false
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        "showHeader": true
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      "targets": [
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          "expr": "kingbase_replication_master{instance=\"$instance\"}",
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      "title": "是否主库",
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      "targets": [
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    {
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      "fieldConfig": {
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          "color": {
            "mode": "palette-classic"
          },
          "custom": {
            "axisCenteredZero": false,
            "axisColorMode": "text",
            "axisLabel": "",
            "axisPlacement": "auto",
            "barAlignment": 0,
            "drawStyle": "line",
            "fillOpacity": 10,
            "gradientMode": "none",
            "hideFrom": {
              "legend": false,
              "tooltip": false,
              "viz": false
            },
            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
            "lineWidth": 1,
            "pointSize": 5,
            "scaleDistribution": {
              "type": "linear"
            },
            "showPoints": "auto",
            "spanNulls": false,
            "stacking": {
              "group": "A",
              "mode": "none"
            },
            "thresholdsStyle": {
              "mode": "off"
            }
          },
          "mappings": [],
          "thresholds": {
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 8,
        "w": 12,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 38
      },
      "id": 24,
      "options": {
        "legend": {
          "calcs": [],
          "displayMode": "list",
          "placement": "bottom",
          "showLegend": true
        },
        "tooltip": {
          "mode": "single",
          "sort": "none"
        }
      },
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "kingbase_locks_granted{instance=\"$instance\"}",
          "legendFormat": "已授予锁",
          "refId": "A"
        },
        {
          "expr": "kingbase_locks_waiting{instance=\"$instance\"}",
          "legendFormat": "等待锁",
          "refId": "B"
        }
      ],
      "title": "锁统计",
      "type": "timeseries"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "palette-classic"
          },
          "custom": {
            "axisCenteredZero": false,
            "axisColorMode": "text",
            "axisLabel": "",
            "axisPlacement": "auto",
            "barAlignment": 0,
            "drawStyle": "line",
            "fillOpacity": 10,
            "gradientMode": "none",
            "hideFrom": {
              "legend": false,
              "tooltip": false,
              "viz": false
            },
            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
            "lineWidth": 1,
            "pointSize": 5,
            "scaleDistribution": {
              "type": "linear"
            },
            "showPoints": "auto",
            "spanNulls": false,
            "stacking": {
              "group": "A",
              "mode": "none"
            },
            "thresholdsStyle": {
              "mode": "off"
            }
          },
          "mappings": [],
          "thresholds": {
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 8,
        "w": 12,
        "x": 12,
        "y": 38
      },
      "id": 25,
      "options": {
        "legend": {
          "calcs": [],
          "displayMode": "list",
          "placement": "bottom",
          "showLegend": true
        },
        "tooltip": {
          "mode": "single",
          "sort": "none"
        }
      },
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "increase(kingbase_deadlock_count_total{instance=\"$instance\"}[1h])",
          "legendFormat": "死锁次数",
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "title": "死锁统计",
      "type": "timeseries"
    }
  ],
  "refresh": "30s",
  "schemaVersion": 38,
  "style": "dark",
  "tags": [
    "kingbase",
    "人大金仓",
    "信创",
    "数据库监控",
    "生产级"
  ],
  "templating": {
    "list": [
      {
        "current": {
          "selected": false,
          "text": "Prometheus",
          "value": "Prometheus"
        },
        "hide": 0,
        "includeAll": false,
        "label": "数据源",
        "multi": false,
        "name": "DS_PROMETHEUS",
        "options": [],
        "query": "prometheus",
        "refresh": 1,
        "regex": "",
        "type": "datasource"
      },
      {
        "allValue": null,
        "current": {},
        "datasource": {
          "type": "prometheus",
          "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
        },
        "definition": "label_values(kingbase_up, instance)",
        "description": null,
        "error": null,
        "hide": 0,
        "includeAll": false,
        "label": "数据库实例",
        "multi": false,
        "name": "instance",
        "options": [],
        "query": {
          "query": "label_values(kingbase_up, instance)",
          "refId": "StandardVariableQuery"
        },
        "refresh": 1,
        "regex": "",
        "skipUrlSync": false,
        "sort": 1,
        "tagValuesQuery": "",
        "tags": [],
        "tagsQuery": "",
        "type": "query",
        "useTags": false
      }
    ]
  },
  "time": {
    "from": "now-1h",
    "to": "now"
  },
  "timepicker": {},
  "timezone": "Asia/Shanghai",
  "title": "人大金仓V9生产级监控大盘",
  "uid": "kingbase-v9-dashboard",
  "version": 2,
  "weekStart": ""
}

导入后效果

  • 自动识别所有人大金仓实例
  • 支持一键切换不同实例查看
  • 所有指标都有合理的阈值和颜色提示
  • 支持 1 小时、6 小时、24 小时、7 天等不同时间范围查看

10. 【补充】钉钉 / 企业微信告警完整配置

10.1 钉钉告警配置

  1. 在钉钉中创建一个群聊,添加 "自定义机器人"

  2. 重要:选择 "加签" 安全设置,不要使用 "自定义关键词" 或 "IP 地址段"

  3. 复制生成的密钥和 Webhook 地址

  4. 编辑 AlertManager 配置文件 alertmanager.yml

    global:
    resolve_timeout: 5m

    route:
    group_by: ['alertname']
    group_wait: 10s
    group_interval: 10s
    repeat_interval: 1h
    receiver: 'dingtalk-webhook'

    receivers:

    inhibit_rules:

    • source_match:
      severity: 'critical'
      target_match:
      severity: 'warning'
      equal: ['alertname', 'instance']

说明:此处填写 prometheus-webhook-dingtalk 转发服务的实际地址。如果 AlertManager 和转发服务在同一台机器,保留 127.0.0.1;如果在不同机器,替换为转发服务的服务器 IP。

  1. 部署钉钉告警转发服务(推荐使用 prometheus-webhook-dingtalk):

    前往官方仓库下载最新稳定版本(推荐v2.1.0及以上)

    官方地址:https://github.com/timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/releases

    国内加速地址:

    wget https://ghproxy.com/https://github.com/timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/releases/download/v2.1.0/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

    解压

    tar -zxvf prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/

    创建配置文件

    cat > /opt/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml << EOF
    templates:

    • /opt/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/templates/default.tmpl

    targets:
    webhook:
    url: "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN"
    secret: "YOUR_SECRET"
    message:
    title: '人大金仓数据库告警'
    text: |
    {{ range .Alerts }}
    告警级别: {{ .Labels.severity | toUpper }}
    告警类型: {{ .Annotations.summary }}
    告警实例: {{ .Labels.instance }}
    告警详情: {{ .Annotations.description }}
    触发时间: {{ .StartsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
    {{ end }}
    EOF

    创建系统服务

    cat > /etc/systemd/system/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk.service << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Prometheus Webhook Dingtalk
    After=network.target

    [Service]
    Type=simple
    User=root
    ExecStart=/opt/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk --config.file=/opt/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml
    Restart=always
    RestartSec=5

    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF

    启动服务

    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl enable prometheus-webhook-dingtalk
    systemctl start prometheus-webhook-dingtalk

注意 :直接在浏览器中访问钉钉机器人 API 地址会返回{"errcode":43002,"errmsg":"需要POST请求"},这是正常现象 。钉钉机器人 API 仅接受 POST 请求,只需将YOUR_ACCESS_TOKENYOUR_SECRET替换为实际值即可正常使用。

10.2 企业微信告警配置

企业微信配置更简单,直接使用 AlertManager 原生支持:

复制代码
global:
  resolve_timeout: 5m

route:
  group_by: ['alertname']
  group_wait: 10s
  group_interval: 10s
  repeat_interval: 1h
  receiver: 'wechat-webhook'

receivers:
- name: 'wechat-webhook'
  wechat_configs:
  - corp_id: 'YOUR_CORP_ID'
    agent_id: 'YOUR_AGENT_ID'
    api_secret: 'YOUR_API_SECRET'
    to_user: '@all'
    send_resolved: true
    message:
      title: '人大金仓数据库告警'
      description: |
        {{ range .Alerts }}
        **告警级别**: {{ .Labels.severity | toUpper }}
        **告警类型**: {{ .Annotations.summary }}
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