ansible第一天 - 技术栈

ansible

第一天

以上主机使用rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso镜像，配置ip、yum源，关闭防火墙和selinux规则

安装中文包，重启生效

bash 复制代码

[root@control ~]# yum -y install langpacks-zh_CN.noarch && reboot

配置名称解析

bash 复制代码

[root@control ~]# echo -e "192.168.88.253\tcontrol">>/etc/hosts
[root@control ~]# for i in {1..5}
do
echo -e "192.168.88.1$i\tnode$i">>/etc/hosts
done

配置ssh到所有节点免密登陆

bash 复制代码

[root@control ~]# ssh-keygen
root@control ~]# echo node{1..5}
node1 node2 node3 node4 node5
[root@control ~]# for i in node{1..5}
> do
> ssh-copy-id root@$i
> done

装包

软件包链接：链接：百度网盘请输入提取码提取码：bb2o --来自百度网盘超级会员V5的分享

bash 复制代码

[root@control ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  ansible_soft.tar.gz
[root@control ~]# tar zxvf ansible_soft.tar.gz 
[root@control ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  ansible_soft  ansible_soft.tar.gz
[root@control ~]# ls ansible_soft
ansible-2.8.5-2.el8.noarch.rpm           python3-paramiko-2.4.3-1.el8.noarch.rpm
libsodium-1.0.18-2.el8.x86_64.rpm        python3-pynacl-1.3.0-5.el8.x86_64.rpm
python3-bcrypt-3.1.6-2.el8.1.x86_64.rpm  sshpass-1.06-9.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@control ~]# yum -y install /root/ansible_soft/*.rpm

创建ansible工作目录

bash 复制代码

创建ansible工作目录，目录名自己定义，不是固定的
[root@control ~]# mkdir ansible
[root@control ~]# cd ansible
创建配置文件。默认的配置文件是/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg,一般不用，而是在工作目录下创建自己的配置文件
[root@control ansible]# vim ansible.cfg 文件名必须是ansible.cfg
[root@control ansible]# cat ansible.cfg 
[defaults]
inventory = hosts  管理的主机，配置在当前目录的hosts文件中，hosts是自己定义的。=号俩边空格可有可无
[root@control ansible]# touch hosts
[root@control ansible]# vim hosts
[root@control ansible]# cat hosts
[test]
node1
[proxy]
node2
[webservers]
node[3:4]
[database]
node5
[cluster:children] cluster是组名，自定义的；children是固定写法，表示下面的组名是cluster的子组
webservers
database
[root@control ansible]# ansible all --list
  hosts (5):
    node1
    node2
    node3
    node4
    node5
[root@control ansible]# ansible webservers --list
  hosts (2):
    node3
    node4
[root@control ansible]# ansible proxy --list
  hosts (1):
    node2

简单演示

bash 复制代码

用ansible创建/tmp/abcd目录
[root@control ansible]# ansible all -a "mkdir /tmp/abcd"
 [WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=directory rather than running 'mkdir'.
If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to this
command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.

node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


node5 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


node3 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


node4 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

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ansible管理

ansible进行远程管理的俩个办法

adhoc临时命令。就是在命令行上执行管理命令

playbook剧本。把管理任务用特定格式写到文件中

无论哪种方式，都是通过模块加参数进行管理

adhoc临时命令

bash 复制代码

语法：

ansible 主机或者组列表 -m 模块 -a 参数 
测试ansible与被控主机的连通性
[root@control ansible]# ansible all -m ping
node1 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
node3 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
node5 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
node2 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
node4 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

command模块

bash 复制代码

ansible默认模块，用于在远程主机上执行任意命令
command不支持shell特性。如管道、重定向
在所有被管主机上创建目录aaa
[root@control ansible]# ansible all -a "mkdir aaa"
 [WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=directory rather than running 'mkdir'.
If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to this
command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.

node5 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


node3 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


node4 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
查看node节点的ip地址，不支持管道、重定向命令
[root@control ansible]# ansible all -a "ip a|head -2"
node3 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
Object "a|head" is unknown, try "ip help".non-zero return code

node2 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
Object "a|head" is unknown, try "ip help".non-zero return code

node1 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
Object "a|head" is unknown, try "ip help".non-zero return code

node4 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
Object "a|head" is unknown, try "ip help".non-zero return code

node5 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
Object "a|head" is unknown, try "ip help".non-zero return code

shell模块

bash 复制代码

与command模块类似，但是支持shell特性，如管道、重定向
[root@control ansible]# ansible node1 -m shell -a "ip a| head"
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:44:4e:3b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.88.11/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

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script模块

bash 复制代码

用于在远程主机上执行脚本
在控制端创建脚本即可
[root@control ansible]# vim http.sh 
#!/bin/bash
yum -y install httpd
systemctl start httpd
在test组的主机上执行脚本
[root@control ansible]# ansible test -m script -a "http.sh"
查看test组的主机httpd服务是否开启
[root@control ansible]# ansible test  -a "systemctl status httpd"
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-11-07 19:04:56 EST; 44s ago
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
 Main PID: 3226 (httpd)
   Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
    Tasks: 213 (limit: 5298)
   Memory: 27.8M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─3226 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─3227 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─3230 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─3231 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─3233 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

11月 07 19:04:56 node1 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
11月 07 19:04:56 node1 httpd[3226]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::dde1:3eea:5077:d08f. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
11月 07 19:04:56 node1 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
11月 07 19:04:56 node1 httpd[3226]: Server configured, listening on: port 80