小说爬虫-01爬取总排行榜分页翻页 Scrapy SQLite SQL 简单上手！

代码仓库

代码实现部分很简单！
为了大家方便，代码我已经全部都上传到了 GitHub，希望大家可以点个Start！

https://github.com/turbo-duck/biquge_fiction_spider

背景信息

我们计划对笔趣阁网站的小说进行爬取。我们通过小说的排行榜对整个网站的所有小说进行爬取。

shell 复制代码

https://www.xbiqugew.com/top/allvisit/

对其翻页进行分析

shell 复制代码

https://www.xbiqugew.com/top/allvisit/2.html

可以看到，构造URL的方式就是：1.html,2.html等等···

同时该网站是没有防护的（请注意！出于学习的目的，你应该合理控制请求的速度，不要给人家网站打挂了！！！ ）

使用技术

Scrapy 对数据进行爬取
SQLite

由于数据量并没有非常大，所以使用了Python就可以直接使用的SQLite。

对于Scrapy的指令，这里简单一放，详细的大家可以系统学习一下！

shell 复制代码

https://scrapy.org/
scrapy startproject spider
...
scrapu genspider spider spider.com

编写代码

spider.py

爬虫的主逻辑

python 复制代码

import scrapy
import re
import time
from biquge_top_spider.items import BiqugeTopSpiderItem


class SpiderSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "spider"
    # allowed_domains = ["spider.com"]
    # start_urls = ["https://spider.com"]

    def start_requests(self):
        for page in range(1, 1392):
            url = f"https://www.xbiqugew.com/top/allvisit/{page}.html"
            print(f"url: {url}")
            yield scrapy.Request(
                url=url,
                callback=self.parse_list,
            )

    def extract_last_number(self, text):
        # 使用正则表达式查找所有的数字
        numbers = re.findall(r'.*?/(\d+)/', text)
        # print(numbers)
        if numbers:
            # 返回最后一个数字
            return str(numbers[-1])
        else:
            return ""

    def parse_list(self, response):
        data_list = response.xpath(".//div[@class='novelslistss']//li")
        page_info = response.xpath(".//em[@id='pagestats']/text()").extract_first()
        for each in data_list:
            each_type = each.xpath("./span[@class='s1']/text()").extract_first()
            each_href = each.xpath("./span[@class='s2']/a/@href").extract_first()
            each_title = each.xpath("./span[@class='s2']/a/text()").extract_first()
            each_author = each.xpath("./span[@class='s4']/text()").extract_first()
            each_update_time = each.xpath("./span[@class='s5']/text()").extract_first()
            each_code = self.extract_last_number(each_href)
            now_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())

            item = BiqugeTopSpiderItem()
            item['each_code'] = str(each_code)
            item['each_type'] = str(each_type)
            item['each_href'] = str(each_href)
            item['each_title'] = str(each_title)
            item['each_author'] = str(each_author)
            item['each_update_time'] = str(each_update_time)
            item['page_info'] = str(page_info)
            item['now_time'] = str(now_time)
            print(f"each_code: {each_code}")
            yield item

Piplines.py

python 复制代码

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import sqlite3

# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter


class BiqugeTopSpiderPipeline:
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item


class SQLitePipeline:

    def __init__(self):
        self.cursor = None
        self.connection = None

    def open_spider(self, spider):
        self.connection = sqlite3.connect('biquge.db')
        self.cursor = self.connection.cursor()

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.connection.close()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        sql = '''
        INSERT INTO biquge_list (each_code, each_type, each_href, each_title, each_author, each_update_time, page_info, now_time)
        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
        '''
        self.cursor.execute(sql, (
            item.get('each_code'),
            item.get('each_type'),
            item.get('each_href'),
            item.get('each_title'),
            item.get('each_author'),
            item.get('each_update_time'),
            item.get('page_info'),
            item.get('now_time')
        ))
        self.connection.commit()
        return item

Settings.py

python 复制代码

# Scrapy settings for biquge_top_spider project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = "biquge_top_spider"

SPIDER_MODULES = ["biquge_top_spider.spiders"]
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = "biquge_top_spider.spiders"
LOG_LEVEL = "ERROR"

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = "biquge_top_spider (+http://www.yourdomain.com)"

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.2
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
    "Accept-Language": "en",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    "biquge_top_spider.middlewares.BiqugeTopSpiderSpiderMiddleware": 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    "biquge_top_spider.middlewares.BiqugeTopSpiderDownloaderMiddleware": 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    "scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole": None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   # "biquge_top_spider.pipelines.BiqugeTopSpiderPipeline": 300,
    "biquge_top_spider.pipelines.SQLitePipeline": 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = "httpcache"
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = "scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage"

# Set settings whose default value is deprecated to a future-proof value
REQUEST_FINGERPRINTER_IMPLEMENTATION = "2.7"
TWISTED_REACTOR = "twisted.internet.asyncioreactor.AsyncioSelectorReactor"
FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING = "utf-8"

其他部分

其他部分按默认的来就行，不用修改了。

数据库表

建立了一个简单的表。

sql 复制代码

CREATE TABLE biquge_list (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    each_code TEXT,
    each_type TEXT,
    each_href TEXT,
    each_title TEXT,
    each_author TEXT,
    each_update_time TEXT,
    page_info TEXT,
    now_time TEXT
);

测试效果

shell 复制代码

scrapy crawl spider

经过一段时间的运行之后，可以查看数据库的内容。发现数据已经来了。

后续安排

我们已经拿到了每个小说的链接: each_href ，后续我们把这个URL存入到MQ中，对小说的详细内容进行爬取（小说介绍、章节列表）。

小说爬虫-01爬取总排行榜 分页翻页 Scrapy SQLite SQL 简单上手！

代码仓库

背景信息

使用技术

编写代码

spider.py

Piplines.py

Settings.py

其他部分

数据库表

测试效果

后续安排

小说爬虫-01爬取总排行榜分页翻页 Scrapy SQLite SQL 简单上手！