redis的部署及基本使用

一、redis部署

1、关闭防火墙

关闭防火墙:
systemctl stop firewalld.service
状态:
firewall-cmd --state
卸载防火墙
yum remove firewalld

2、CentOS7部署redis

1、检查编译运行环境,是否有 GCC 编译器

检查环境(gcc):
gcc --version

安装gcc:
yum install gcc

2、安装redis

创建文件夹:
mkdir -p /opt/software/redis
cd /opt/software/redis
下载redis:
wget https://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz
解压:
tar -zxf redis-stable.tar.gz
安装:
cd redis-stable
make install

3、启动服务(静默启动)

修改redis.conf配置文件:
vim redis.conf
//修改可以登录的ip及端口
bind * -::*
bind 0.0.0.0 (外网)
//允许后台启动
daemonize yes
//配置日志文件
logfile /opt/software/redis/redis-stable/redis.log
//指定工作目录
dir /opt/software/redis
//设置密码
requirepass Zxc61415
//保护模式(打开只允许本地连接)
protected-mode yes
//持久话
appendonly yes


//启动
redis-server redis.conf
//关闭
redis-cli -a Zxc61415 shutdown

3、docker部署redis

1、拉取镜像

docker pull redis:7.0.10

2、在宿主机的 /var/lib/docker/volumes/redis-config/_data/目录下创建一个redis的配置文件

如果/var/lib/docker/volumes没有redis-config,创建数据卷 
docker volume create redis-config

vim redis.conf
# 内容如下所示
#开启持久化
appendonly yes
port 6379
# requirepass 1234
bind 0.0.0.0

3、创建容器

docker run -d -p 6379:6379 --restart=always \
-v redis-config:/etc/redis/config \
-v redis-data:/data \
--name redis redis:7.0.10 \
redis-server /etc/redis/config/redis.conf

二、redis的基本数据类型、操作和使用场景

1、redis基本操作

|-------------|---------------------------------------------|
| set 设置 | set name zxc |
| 查看所有的key | keys * |
| get 获取 | get name |
| 叠加/减计 | incr num decr num incrby num 5 decrby num 5 |
| setnx 设置不存在 | setnx lock1 1 |
| del 删除 | del lock1 |
| 清空所有数据 | flushdb |

2、string类型

使用场景:

  1. 存储Session
  2. 实现验证码
  3. 实现计数器
  4. 实现锁

Java代码:

java 复制代码
@SpringBootTest
public class RedisTemplateTestJsonTest {
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    //缓存
    @Test
    public void test(){
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("k1","999",30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        Object object = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("k1");
        System.out.println("object = " + object);
    }

    //计数
    @Test
    public void test01(){
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("num",1);
        Object object = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("num");
        Long num = redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment("num"); //+1
        System.out.println("num = " + num);
        Long num1 = redisTemplate.opsForValue().decrement("num"); //-1
        System.out.println("num1 = " + num1);
    }

    //setnx锁
    @Test
    public void lockTest(){
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent("lock1",1);
        Boolean lock1 = redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent("lock1", 1,30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        System.out.println("lock1 = " + lock1);
    }
}

2、list类型

使用场景:

  1. 排序
  2. 最新
  3. 自定义栈
  4. 自定义队列

基本操作:

|-------------------|---------------------|
| 头插 | lpush message 1 2 3 |
| 获取(范围 -1表示所有) | lrange message 0 -1 |
| 头取(取出数据并删除) | lpop message |
| 尾插 | rpush queue 1 2 3 |
| 尾取(取出数据并删除) | rpop queue |
| 获取数组长度 | llen queue |
| 获取下标元素(从0开始,不会删除) | lindex queue 2 |
[list基本操作]

Java代码:

java 复制代码
@SpringBootTest
public class OpsForListTest {
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    //数组
    @Test
    public void listtest(){
        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("list",1);
        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("list",2);
        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("list",3);
        List list = redisTemplate.opsForList().range("list", 0, -1);
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().size("list"));
        list.forEach(num -> System.out.println("num = " + num));
    }

    //栈
    @Test
    public void stacktest(){
        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("stack",1);
        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("stack",2);
        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("stack",3);

        List list = new ArrayList<>();

        list.add(redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPop("stack"));
        list.add(redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPop("stack"));
        list.add(redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPop("stack"));
        list.forEach(num -> System.out.print(num + " , "));
    }

    //队列
    @Test
    public void queuetest(){
        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("queue",1);
        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("queue",2);
        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("queue",3);
        List list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPop("queue"));
        list.add(redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPop("queue"));
        list.add(redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPop("queue"));
        list.forEach(num -> System.out.print(num + " , "));
    }

}

3、hash类型

使用场景:

  1. 存储对象
  2. 购物车

基本操作:

|--------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| 设置 | hset user:001 name zxc age 20 |
| 设置多个值 | hmset user:002 name qh age 23 |
| 获取所有属性 | hgetall user:001 |
| 获取单个值 | hget user:001 name |
| 修改单个值 | hset user:001 name zxx |
| 获取长度 | hlen cart:001 |
| 删除 | hdel cart:001 1 |
| 数据加/减 | hincrby cart:001 10086 10 hincrby cart:001 10086 -5 |

Java代码:

java 复制代码
@SpringBootTest
public class OpsForHash {
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    //存储对象
    @Test
    public void test(){
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user:01","name","zxc");
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user:01","age",12);
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForHash().get("user:01", "name"));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForHash().get("user:01", "age"));

        Map map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("name","qh");
        map.put("age",23);
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll("user:02",map);
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForHash().get("user:02", "name"));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForHash().get("user:02", "age"));
    }

    //购物车
    @Test
    public void carttest(){
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("cart:01","goods:01",4);
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("cart:01","goods:02",5);
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForHash().size("cart:01"));
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment("cart:01","goods:01",5);
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment("cart:01","goods:01",-2);
        Map entries = redisTemplate.opsForHash().entries("cart:01");
        Set set = entries.entrySet();
        entries.keySet().forEach(key-> System.out.println(key));
        set.forEach(entry-> System.out.println(entry));
    }
}

4、set类型

使用场景:

  1. 随机(抽奖)
  2. 点赞

基本操作:

|-------------|-------------------|
| 添加 | sadd luck1 1 2 3 |
| 查看 | smembers luck1 |
| 随机取出一个(并删除) | spop luck1 |
| 删除一个值 | srem luck1 1 |
| 统计数量 | scard luck1 |
| 查找是否存在 | sismember luck1 1 |

Java代码:

java 复制代码
@SpringBootTest
public class OpsForSet {
    @Resource
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @Test
    public void test(){
        redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("luck",1);
        redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("luck",2);
        redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("luck",3);
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().members("luck"));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().size("luck"));
    }

    //抽奖
    @Test
    public void randomTest(){
        redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("person","qh","zxc","hz");
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().randomMember("person"));
        //或者(删除)
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().pop("person"));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().members("person"));
    }

    //点赞
    @Test
    public void add(){
        redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("like","qh","zxc","hz");
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().members("like"));
        redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("like","yx");
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().members("like"));
        redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove("like","yx");
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().members("like"));
    }
}

5、zset类型

使用场景:

  1. 排行榜(排序)

基本操作:

|-----------------|---------------------------------|
| 添加 | zadd sort 1 qh zadd sort 2 zxc |
| 查看(范围-分数) | zrevrange sort 0 -1 withscores |
| 添加 | zincrby sort 2 zxc |
| 合并set(同key分数累加) | zunionstore newset 2 sort sort1 |

Java代码:

java 复制代码
@SpringBootTest
public class OpsForZSet {
    @Resource
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    //排行榜
    @Test
    public void sort(){
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort1","zxc",1);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort1","qh",2);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort1","hz",3);
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRange("sort1", 0, -1));
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().incrementScore("sort1","qh",2);
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRangeWithScores("sort1", 0, -1));

        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort2","zxc",5);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort2","qh",2);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort2","hz",3);
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRangeWithScores("sort2", 0, -1));

        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().unionAndStore("sort1","sort2","sort");
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRangeWithScores("sort", 0, -1));
    }
    
    //合并多个
    @Test
    public void sort2(){
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort1","zxc",1);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort1","qh",2);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort1","hz",3);
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRangeWithScores("sort1", 0, -1));

        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort2","zxc",5);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort2","qh",3);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort2","hz",1);
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRangeWithScores("sort2", 0, -1));


        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort3","zxc",2);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort3","qh",2);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sort3","hz",2);
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRangeWithScores("sort3", 0, -1));

        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("sort2");
        list.add("sort3");

        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().unionAndStore("sort1",list,"sort");
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRangeWithScores("sort", 0, -1));
    }
}

三、持久化

1、RDB

RDB进行持久化是将当前进程的数据生成快照保存到硬盘中的过程

优点是:占用的空间少、恢复快;

缺点是:由于数据是定时保存,所以在下次保存前服务关闭会导致数据丢失。

2、AOF

AOF是Append Only File,是Redis中实现持久化的一种方式。以独⽴⽇志的⽅式记录每次命令,重启时再重新执⾏ AOF ⽂件中的命令达到恢复数据的⽬的。AOF 的主要作⽤是解决了数据持久化的实时性,⽬前已经是 Redis 持久化的主流⽅式。

开启AOF需要在 redis.conf 配置文件中将 appendonly 设置为 yes

优点是:不会造成数据丢失,或者只会丢失很少的数据;

缺点是:文件较大,由于恢复是重新构建数据,所以恢复的速度较慢。

四、redis的发布订阅模式

1、监听(一个消息会被多个监听)

java 复制代码
subscribe name

2、发送

java 复制代码
publish name message

五、springboot整合redis

1、导入依赖

java 复制代码
        <dependency>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
		</dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2、配置

java 复制代码
spring:
  data:
    redis:
      host: localhost
      password: 123456
      port: 6379
      timeout: 60s
      database: 0

3、序列化

java 复制代码
public class DefaultSerializer implements RedisSerializer<Object> {
    private final Charset charset;

    public DefaultSerializer() {
        this(Charset.forName("UTF8"));
    }

    public DefaultSerializer(Charset charset) {
        Assert.notNull(charset, "Charset must not be null!");
        this.charset = charset;
    }


    @Override
    public byte[] serialize(Object o) throws SerializationException {
        return o == null ? null : String.valueOf(o).getBytes(charset);
    }

    @Override
    public Object deserialize(byte[] bytes) throws SerializationException {
        return bytes == null ? null : new String(bytes, charset);

    }
}
java 复制代码
@Configuration
public class AutoConfig {

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
        RedisTemplate<String, String> redis = new RedisTemplate<>();
        redis.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);

        // 设置redis的String/Value的默认序列化方式
        DefaultSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new DefaultSerializer();
        redis.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
        redis.setValueSerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
        redis.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
        redis.setHashValueSerializer(stringRedisSerializer);

        redis.afterPropertiesSet();
        return redis;
    }
}

4、使用

java 复制代码
@SpringBootTest
public class RedisTemplateTestJsonTest {
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String,String> redisTemplate;

    @Test
    public void test(){
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("k1","999",30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        String s = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("k1");
        System.out.println("s = " + s);
    }
}
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