【C++】手动实现String类的封装（分文件编译）

实现了String类的大部分封装，采用分文件编译

cpp 复制代码

//mystring.h
#ifndef MYSTRING_H
#define MYSTRING_H

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

class myString
{
private:
    char *str;    //定义一个字符串
    int size;     //记录字符串长度

public:
    //成员函数：

    //1.构造函数
    myString(const char* s);

    //2.析构函数
    ~myString();

    //3.为字符串赋值函数 "="
    myString & operator=(const myString &other);

    //4.访问指定字符，有边界检查 "at"
    char &s_at(int index);

    //5.访问指定字符 "operator[]"
    char &s_operator(int index);

    //6.返回指向字符串首字符的指针 "data"
    char *s_data();

    //7.返回字符串的不可修改的C字符数组版本 "c_str"
    const char* s_c_str()const;

    //8.检查字符串是否为空 "empty"
    bool empty();

    //9.返回字符串长度 "size"
    int s_size();

    //10.返回字符串长度 "length"
    int s_lenth();

    //11.返回当前对象分配的存储空间能保存的字符数量 "capacity"
    int s_capacity();

    //12.清除内容 "clear"
    void s_clear();

    //13.后附字符到结尾 "push_back"
    void s_push_back(char c);

    //14.移除末尾字符 "pop_back"
    void s_pop_back();

    //15.后附字符到结尾 "append"
    void s_append(const char *s);

    //16.后附字符到结尾
    myString &operator+=(const myString &other);

    //17.连接两个字符串或者一个字符串和一个字符
    const myString operator+(const myString &other)const;

    //18.比较字符串
    bool operator==(const myString &other) const;
    bool operator!=(const myString &other) const;
    bool operator<(const myString &other) const;
    bool operator>(const myString &other) const;
    bool operator<=(const myString &other) const;
    bool operator>=(const myString &other) const;

    //19.输入输出
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const myString &s);
    friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, myString &s);
};



#endif // MYSTRING_H

cpp 复制代码

//mystring.cpp
#include "mystring.h"
myString::myString(const char* s)
{
    size = strlen(s);             //求传入的字符串长度
    str = new char[size+1];       //申请空间存储字符串
    strcpy(str,s);                //将字符串拷贝到str中
}

myString::~myString()
{
    delete[] str;
}

myString &myString::operator=(const myString &other)
{
    if(this != &other)
    {
        delete[] str;
        size = other.size;
        str = new char[size + 1];
        strcpy(str, other.str);
    }
    return *this;
}

char &myString::s_at(int index)
{
    if(index < 0 || index >= size)
    {
        cout<<"输入错误"<<endl;
    }
    return str[index];
}

char &myString::s_operator(int index)
{
    return str[index];
}

char *myString::s_data()
{
    return str;
}

const char *myString::s_c_str() const
{
    return str;
}

bool myString::empty()
{
    return size == 0;
}

int myString::s_size()
{
    return size;
}

int myString::s_lenth()
{
    return size;
}

int myString::s_capacity()
{
    return size+1;       //有一个'\0'
}

void myString::s_clear()
{
    delete[] str;
    str = NULL;
    size = 0;
}

void myString::s_push_back(char c)
{
    delete[] str;
    str = new char[size+1];
    str[size-1] = c;
    str[size] = '\0';
}

void myString::s_pop_back()
{
    if(size > 0)
    {
        size--;
        str[size] = '\0';
    }
}

void myString::s_append(const char *s)
{
    int new_size = size + strlen(s);
    char* temp = str;
    str = new char[new_size + 1];     // 分配新内存
    strcpy(str, temp);                // 复制旧字符串
    strcat(str, s);                   // 追加新字符串
    delete[] temp;                    // 释放旧内存
    size = new_size;
}

myString &myString::operator+=(const myString &other)
{
    s_append(other.str);
    return *this;
}

const myString myString::operator+(const myString &other) const
{
    myString temp(*this);
    temp.s_append(other.str);
    return temp;
}

bool myString::operator==(const myString &other) const {
    return strcmp(str, other.str) == 0;
}

bool myString::operator!=(const myString &other) const {
    return strcmp(str, other.str) != 0;
}

bool myString::operator<(const myString &other) const {
    return strcmp(str, other.str) < 0;
}

bool myString::operator>(const myString &other) const {
    return strcmp(str, other.str) > 0;
}

bool myString::operator<=(const myString &other) const {
    return strcmp(str, other.str) <= 0;
}

bool myString::operator>=(const myString &other) const {
    return strcmp(str, other.str) >= 0;
}

istream &operator>>(istream &is, myString &s)
{
    char buffer[1024];   // 假设输入的字符串不超过1024个字符
    is >> buffer;       // 从输入流中读取字符串
    s = buffer;         // 将读取的字符串赋值给 myString 对象
    return is;          // 返回输入流的引用
}

ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const myString &s)
{
    os<<s.s_c_str();
    return os;
}

cpp 复制代码

//main.cpp
#include "mystring.h"
int main()
{
    myString s1("hello");
    cout<<s1<<endl;
    cout<<"*************************"<<endl;

    myString s2("world");
    cout<<s1+s2<<endl;

    if(s1>s2 == 1)
    {
        cout<<"s1 > s2"<<endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout<<"s1 < s2"<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

输出结果如下：