往期知识点记录:
基本概念
LMS全称为Lite Memory Sanitizer,是一种实时检测内存操作合法性的调测工具。LMS能够实时检测缓冲区溢出(buffer overflow),释放后使用(use after free) 和重复释放(double free), 在异常发生的第一时间通知操作系统,结合backtrace等定位手段,能准确定位到产生内存问题的代码行,极大提升内存问题定位效率。
OpenHarmony LiteOS-A内核的LMS模块提供下面几种功能:
-
支持多内存池检测;
-
支持LOS_MemAlloc、LOS_MemAllocAlign、LOS_MemRealloc申请出的内存检测;
-
支持安全函数的访问检测(默认开启);
-
支持libc 高频函数的访问检测,包括:memset、memcpy、memmove、strcat、strcpy、strncat、strncpy。
运行机制
LMS使用影子内存映射标记系统内存的状态,一共可标记为三个状态:可读写,不可读写,已释放。影子内存存放在内存池的尾部。
-
内存从堆上申请后,会将数据区的影子内存设置为"可读写"状态,并将头节点区的影子内存设置为"不可读写"状态。
-
内存在堆上被释放时,会将被释放内存的影子内存设置为"已释放"状态。
-
编译代码时,会在代码中的读写指令前插入检测函数,对地址的合法性进行检验。主要是检测访问内存的影子内存的状态值,若检测到影子内存为不可读写,则会报溢出错误;若检测到影子内存为已释放,则会报释放后使用错误。
-
在内存释放时,会检测被释放地址的影子内存状态值,若检测到影子内存非可读写,则会报重复释放错误。
接口说明
内核态
OpenHarmony LiteOS-A内核的LMS模块提供下面几种功能,接口详细信息可以查看 API 参考。
表1 LMS模块接口说明
功能分类 | 接口名 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
添加指定内存池被检测 | LOS_LmsCheckPoolAdd | 将指定内存池的地址范围添加到LMS的内存检测链表上,当访问的地址在链表范围内时,LMS才进行合法性校验;且LOS_MemInit接口会调用该接口,默认将初始化的内存池挂入到检测链表中。 |
删除指定内存池不被检测 | LOS_LmsCheckPoolDel | 不检测指定内存池地址范围内的合法性校验。 |
使能指定内存段锁保护 | LOS_LmsAddrProtect | 为某段内存地址上锁,设置为不可读写,一旦访问则报错。 |
去能指定内存段锁保护 | LOS_LmsAddrDisableProtect | 为某段内存地址解锁,设置为可读写。 |
用户态
用户态仅提供LMS检测库,不提供对外接口。
开发指导
内核态开发流程
开启LMS调测的典型流程如下:
-
配置LMS模块相关宏。 配置LMS控制宏LOSCFG_KERNEL_LMS,默认关,在kernel/liteos_a目录下执行 make update_config命令配置"Kernel->Enable Lite Memory Sanitizer"中打开YES:
宏 menuconfig选项 含义 取值 LOSCFG_KERNEL_LMS Enable Lms Feature Lms模块的裁剪开关 YES/NO LOSCFG_LMS_MAX_RECORD_POOL_NUM Lms check pool max num LMS支持的检测内存池最大个数 INT LOSCFG_LMS_LOAD_CHECK Enable lms read check LMS内存读检测的裁剪开关 YES/NO LOSCFG_LMS_STORE_CHECK Enable lms write check LMS内存写检测的裁剪开关 YES/NO LOSCFG_LMS_CHECK_STRICT Enable lms strict check, byte-by-byte LMS内存逐字节严格检测的裁剪开关 YES/NO -
在被检测模块的编译脚本中,修改编译选项。 增加LMS检测编译选项-fsanitize=kernel-address。为避免编译器优化,增加-O0编译选项。
gcc与clang编译选项存在差异,参照如下示例:
if ("$ohos_build_compiler_specified" == "gcc") { cflags_c = [ "-O0", "-fsanitize=kernel-address", ] } else { cflags_c = [ "-O0", "-fsanitize=kernel-address", "-mllvm", "-asan-instrumentation-with-call-threshold=0", "-mllvm", "-asan-stack=0", "-mllvm", "-asan-globals=0", ] }
-
重新编译,查看串口输出。如果检测到内存问题,会输出检测结果。
内核态编程实例
本实例实现如下功能:
-
创建一个用于Lms测试的任务。
-
构造内存溢出错误和释放后使用错误。
-
添加-fsanitize=kernel-address后编译执行,观察输出结果。
内核态示例代码
该示例代码的测试函数可以加在 kernel /liteos_a/testsuites /kernel /src /osTest.c 中的 TestTaskEntry 中进行测试。 实例代码如下:
#define PAGE_SIZE (0x1000U)
#define INDEX_MAX 20
UINT32 g_lmsTestTaskId;
char g_testLmsPool[2 * PAGE_SIZE];
STATIC VOID testPoolInit(void)
{
UINT32 ret = LOS_MemInit(g_testLmsPool, 2 * PAGE_SIZE);
if (ret != 0) {
PRINT_ERR("%s failed, ret = 0x%x\n", __FUNCTION__, ret);
return;
}
}
static VOID LmsTestOsmallocOverflow(VOID)
{
PRINTK("\n######%s start ######\n", __FUNCTION__);
UINT32 i;
CHAR *str = (CHAR *)LOS_MemAlloc(g_testLmsPool, INDEX_MAX);
PRINTK("str[%2d]=0x%2x ", INDEX_MAX, str[INDEX_MAX]); /* trigger heap overflow at str[INDEX_MAX] */
PRINTK("\n######%s stop ######\n", __FUNCTION__);
}
static VOID LmsTestUseAfterFree(VOID)
{
PRINTK("\n######%s start ######\n", __FUNCTION__);
UINT32 i;
CHAR *str = (CHAR *)LOS_MemAlloc(g_testLmsPool, INDEX_MAX);
(VOID)LOS_MemFree(g_testLmsPool, str);
PRINTK("str[%2d]=0x%2x ", 0, str[0]); /* trigger use after free at str[0] */
PRINTK("\n######%s stop ######\n", __FUNCTION__);
}
VOID LmsTestCaseTask(VOID)
{
testPoolInit();
LmsTestOsmallocOverflow();
LmsTestUseAfterFree();
}
UINT32 Example_Lms_test(VOID)
{
UINT32 ret;
TSK_INIT_PARAM_S lmsTestTask;
/* 创建用于lms测试的任务 */
memset(&lmsTestTask, 0, sizeof(TSK_INIT_PARAM_S));
lmsTestTask.pfnTaskEntry = (TSK_ENTRY_FUNC)LmsTestCaseTask;
lmsTestTask.pcName = "TestLmsTsk"; /* 测试任务名称 */
lmsTestTask.uwStackSize = 0x800; // 0x800: lms test task stack size
lmsTestTask.usTaskPrio = 5; // 5: lms test task priority
lmsTestTask.uwResved = LOS_TASK_STATUS_DETACHED;
ret = LOS_TaskCreate(&g_lmsTestTaskId, &lmsTestTask);
if (ret != LOS_OK) {
PRINT_ERR("LmsTestTask create failed .\n");
return LOS_NOK;
}
return LOS_OK;
}
LOS_MODULE_INIT(Example_Lms_test, LOS_INIT_LEVEL_KMOD_EXTENDED);
c
内核态结果验证
输出结果如下:
######LmsTestOsmallocOverflow start ######
[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]* Kernel Address Sanitizer Error Detected Start *
[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Heap buffer overflow error detected
[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Illegal READ address at: [0x4157a3c8]
[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Shadow memory address: [0x4157be3c : 4] Shadow memory value: [2]
OsBackTrace fp = 0x402c0f88
runTask->taskName = LmsTestCaseTask
runTask->taskID = 2
***backtrace begin***
traceback fp fixed, trace using fp = 0x402c0fd0
traceback 0 -- lr = 0x400655a4 fp = 0x402c0ff8
traceback 1 -- lr = 0x40065754 fp = 0x402c1010
traceback 2 -- lr = 0x40044bd0 fp = 0x402c1038
traceback 3 -- lr = 0x40004e14 fp = 0xcacacaca
[LMS] Dump info around address [0x4157a3c8]:
[0x4157a3a0]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3a | 0]: 1 1
[0x4157a3a8]: ba dc cd ab 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3a | 4]: 2 2
[0x4157a3b0]: 20 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3b | 0]: 2 0
[0x4157a3b8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3b | 4]: 0 0
[0x4157a3c0]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3c | 0]: 0 0
[0x4157a3c8]: [ba] dc cd ab a8 a3 57 41 | [0x4157be3c | 4]: [2] 2
[0x4157a3d0]: 2c 1a 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3d | 0]: 2 3
[0x4157a3d8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3d | 4]: 3 3
[0x4157a3e0]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3e | 0]: 3 3
[0x4157a3e8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3e | 4]: 3 3
[0x4157a3f0]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3f | 0]: 3 3
[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]* Kernel Address Sanitizer Error Detected End *
str[20]=0xffffffba
######LmsTestOsmallocOverflow stop ######
###### LmsTestUseAfterFree start ######
[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]* Kernel Address Sanitizer Error Detected Start *
[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Use after free error detected
[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Illegal READ address at: [0x4157a3d4]
[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Shadow memory address: [0x4157be3d : 2] Shadow memory value: [3]
OsBackTrace fp = 0x402c0f90
runTask->taskName = LmsTestCaseTask
runTask->taskID = 2
***backtrace begin***
traceback fp fixed, trace using fp = 0x402c0fd8
traceback 0 -- lr = 0x40065680 fp = 0x402c0ff8
traceback 1 -- lr = 0x40065758 fp = 0x402c1010
traceback 2 -- lr = 0x40044bd0 fp = 0x402c1038
traceback 3 -- lr = 0x40004e14 fp = 0xcacacaca
[LMS] Dump info around address [0x4157a3d4]:
[0x4157a3a8]: ba dc cd ab 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3a | 4]: 2 2
[0x4157a3b0]: 20 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3b | 0]: 2 0
[0x4157a3b8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3b | 4]: 0 0
[0x4157a3c0]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3c | 0]: 0 0
[0x4157a3c8]: ba dc cd ab a8 a3 57 41 | [0x4157be3c | 4]: 2 2
[0x4157a3d0]: 2c 1a 00 00 [00] 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3d | 0]: 2 [3]
[0x4157a3d8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3d | 4]: 3 3
[0x4157a3e0]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3e | 0]: 3 3
[0x4157a3e8]: ba dc cd ab c8 a3 57 41 | [0x4157be3e | 4]: 2 2
[0x4157a3f0]: 0c 1a 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3f | 0]: 2 3
[0x4157a3f8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x4157be3f | 4]: 3 3
[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]* Kernel Address Sanitizer Error Detected End *
str[ 0]=0x 0
######LmsTestUseAfterFree stop ######
输出的关键信息包括:
-
错误类型:
- Heap buffer overflow堆内存越界
- Use after free 释放后使用
-
错误操作:
- Illegal Read非法读
- Illegal Write非法写
- Illegal Double free重复释放
-
上下文:
- 当前任务信息(taskName, taskId)
- 回溯栈(backtrace)
-
出错地址的内存信息:
- 内存的值、及对应影子内存的值
- 内存地址:内存值| [影子内存地址 | 影子内存字节内偏移]:影子内存值
- 影子内存值:0(可读可写)、3(已释放)、2(红区)、1(填充值)。
用户态开发流程
在待检测的app编译脚本中,添加如下参数即可, 完整示例可参见 /kernel/liteos_a/apps/lms/BUILD.gn。
if ("$ohos_build_compiler_specified" == "gcc") {
cflags_c = [
"-O0",
"-fsanitize=kernel-address",
"-funwind-tables",
"-fasynchronous-unwind-tables",
]
} else {
cflags_c = [
"-O0",
"-fsanitize=kernel-address",
"-mllvm",
"-asan-instrumentation-with-call-threshold=0",
"-mllvm",
"-asan-stack=0",
"-mllvm",
"-asan-globals=0",
"-funwind-tables",
"-fasynchronous-unwind-tables",
]
}
ldflags = [
"-rdynamic",
"-lunwind",
"-lusrlms",
"-Wl,--wrap=realloc",
"-Wl,--wrap=calloc",
"-Wl,--wrap=malloc",
"-Wl,--wrap=free",
"-Wl,--wrap=valloc",
"-Wl,--wrap=aligned_alloc",
"-Wl,--wrap=memset",
"-Wl,--wrap=memcpy",
"-Wl,--wrap=memmove",
"-Wl,--wrap=strcpy",
"-Wl,--wrap=strcat",
]
deps = [ "//kernel/liteos_a/kernel/extended/lms/usr:usrlmslib" ]
用户态编程实例
本实例实现如下功能:
-
构造内存溢出错误和释放后使用错误。
-
添加对应编译选项后,重新编译执行。
用户态示例代码
实例代码如下:
static void BufWriteTest(void *buf, int start, int end)
{
for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
((char *)buf)[i] = 'a';
}
}
static void BufReadTest(void *buf, int start, int end)
{
char tmp;
for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
tmp = ((char *)buf)[i];
}
}
static void LmsMallocTest(void)
{
printf("\n-------- LmsMallocTest Start --------\n");
char *buf = (char *)malloc(16); // 16: buffer size for test
BufReadTest(buf, -1, 16);
free(buf);
printf("\n-------- LmsMallocTest End --------\n");
}
static void LmsFreeTest(void)
{
printf("\n-------- LmsFreeTest Start --------\n");
char *buf = (char *)malloc(16); // 16: buffer size for test
free(buf);
BufReadTest(buf, 1, 1);
free(buf);
printf("\n-------- LmsFreeTest End --------\n");
}
int main(int argc, char * const * argv)
{
printf("\n############### Lms Test start ###############\n");
char *tmp = (char *)malloc(5000); // 5000: temp buffer size
LmsMallocTest();
LmsFreeTest();
printf("\n############### Lms Test End ###############\n");
}
c
用户态结果验证
输出结果如下:
* Lite Memory Sanitizer Error Detected *
Heap buffer overflow error detected!
Illegal READ address at: [0x1f8b3edf]
Shadow memory address: [0x3d34d3ed : 6] Shadow memory value: [2]
Accessible heap addr 0
Heap red zone 2
Heap freed buffer 3
Dump info around address [0x1f8b3edf]:
[0x1f8b3eb8]: 74 55 8b 1f 74 55 8b 1f | [0x3d34d3eb | 4]: 0 0
[0x1f8b3ec0]: f8 9c 8b 1f 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ec | 0]: 0 0
[0x1f8b3ec8]: 00 00 00 00 9c fc fc fc | [0x3d34d3ec | 4]: 0 0
[0x1f8b3ed0]: 21 00 00 00 41 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ed | 0]: 0 0
[0x1f8b3ed8]: 60 55 8b 1f 60 55 8b [1f]| [0x3d34d3ed | 4]: 2 [2]
[0x1f8b3ee0]: 50 4e 0b 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ee | 0]: 0 0
[0x1f8b3ee8]: 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ee | 4]: 0 0
[0x1f8b3ef0]: 00 00 00 00 08 03 09 00 | [0x3d34d3ef | 0]: 2 2
[0x1f8b3ef8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ef | 4]: 2 2
* Lite Memory Sanitizer Error Detected End *
Backtrace() returned 5 addresses
#01: <LMS_ReportError+0x284>[0x4d6c] -> ./sample_usr_lms
#02: <(null)+0x2004074>[0x4074] -> ./sample_usr_lms
#03: <(null)+0x2003714>[0x3714] -> ./sample_usr_lms
#04: <main+0x40>[0x363c] -> ./sample_usr_lms
#05: <(null)+0x1f856f30>[0x56f30] -> /lib/libc.so
-------- LMS_malloc_test End --------
* Lite Memory Sanitizer Error Detected *
Use after free error detected!
Illegal Double free address at: [0x1f8b3ee0]
Shadow memory address: [0x3d34d3ee : 0] Shadow memory value: [3]
Accessible heap addr 0
Heap red zone 2
Heap freed buffer 3
Dump info around address [0x1f8b3ee0]:
[0x1f8b3ec0]: f8 9c 8b 1f 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ec | 0]: 0 0
[0x1f8b3ec8]: 00 00 00 00 fc fd fc fc | [0x3d34d3ec | 4]: 0 0
[0x1f8b3ed0]: 21 00 00 00 20 01 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ed | 0]: 0 0
[0x1f8b3ed8]: 60 55 8b 1f 60 55 8b 1f | [0x3d34d3ed | 4]: 2 2
[0x1f8b3ee0]: [20] 60 9a 1f 40 61 9a 1f | [0x3d34d3ee | 0]: [3] 3
[0x1f8b3ee8]: 60 62 9a 1f 80 63 9a 1f | [0x3d34d3ee | 4]: 3 3
[0x1f8b3ef0]: 20 40 8b 1f 20 20 8b 1f | [0x3d34d3ef | 0]: 3 3
[0x1f8b3ef8]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3ef | 4]: 3 3
[0x1f8b3f00]: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | [0x3d34d3f0 | 0]: 3 3
* Lite Memory Sanitizer Error Detected End *
Backtrace() returned 5 addresses
#01: <LMS_ReportError+0x284>[0x4d6c] -> ./sample_usr_lms
#02: <LMS_free+0xcc>[0x5548] -> ./sample_usr_lms
#03: <(null)+0x2003fc4>[0x3fc4] -> ./sample_usr_lms
#04: <main+0x68>[0x3664] -> ./sample_usr_lms
#05: <(null)+0x1f856f30>[0x56f30] -> /lib/libc.so
-------- LMS_free_test End --------
输出的Backtrace中包含地址所在的文件名,用户需查找对应文件中地址对应的代码行号。
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