简介
paraview可以很好地实现三维数据的可视化，包括网格、温度场、流场等信息。但是，paraview的设置通常所手动的，对于需要将可视化自动化完成的任务则需要用到paraview的python脚本。事实上，paraview界面中的任何一项操作都可以在python中找到对应的代码，也就是说，原则上可以用一段python代码替换掉繁琐的鼠标点击设置操作。
方法
参考自paraview手册
1 生成代码
我们可以使用Tools/Start Trace按钮开始录制宏（也就算python代码）。点击Tools/Start Trace按钮后的任何改动和设置都会被转换为python代码。如果希望结束录制，那么再点击Tools/Stop Trace按钮
以笔者为例，用paraview打开了一个vts三维数据文件，并显示在界面上
使用Start Trace生成的对应的python代码如下
python
# trace generated using paraview version 5.6.0
#
# To ensure correct image size when batch processing, please search
# for and uncomment the line `# renderView*.ViewSize = [*,*]`
#### import the simple module from the paraview
from paraview.simple import *
#### disable automatic camera reset on 'Show'
paraview.simple._DisableFirstRenderCameraReset()
# create a new 'XML Structured Grid Reader'
a10N5vts = XMLStructuredGridReader(FileName=['/home/myname/myfile.vts'])
a10N5vts.PointArrayStatus = ['u', 'define_marker']
# get active view
renderView1 = GetActiveViewOrCreate('RenderView')
# uncomment following to set a specific view size
# renderView1.ViewSize = [2374, 1278]
# show data in view
a10N5vtsDisplay = Show(a10N5vts, renderView1)
# trace defaults for the display properties.
a10N5vtsDisplay.Representation = 'Outline'
a10N5vtsDisplay.ColorArrayName = ['POINTS', '']
a10N5vtsDisplay.OSPRayScaleArray = 'u'
a10N5vtsDisplay.OSPRayScaleFunction = 'PiecewiseFunction'
a10N5vtsDisplay.SelectOrientationVectors = 'None'
a10N5vtsDisplay.ScaleFactor = 0.7462999820709229
a10N5vtsDisplay.SelectScaleArray = 'u'
a10N5vtsDisplay.GlyphType = 'Arrow'
a10N5vtsDisplay.GlyphTableIndexArray = 'u'
a10N5vtsDisplay.GaussianRadius = 0.037314999103546145
a10N5vtsDisplay.SetScaleArray = ['POINTS', 'u']
a10N5vtsDisplay.ScaleTransferFunction = 'PiecewiseFunction'
a10N5vtsDisplay.OpacityArray = ['POINTS', 'u']
a10N5vtsDisplay.OpacityTransferFunction = 'PiecewiseFunction'
a10N5vtsDisplay.DataAxesGrid = 'GridAxesRepresentation'
a10N5vtsDisplay.SelectionCellLabelFontFile = ''
a10N5vtsDisplay.SelectionPointLabelFontFile = ''
a10N5vtsDisplay.PolarAxes = 'PolarAxesRepresentation'
a10N5vtsDisplay.ScalarOpacityUnitDistance = 0.10074097267248679
# init the 'GridAxesRepresentation' selected for 'DataAxesGrid'
a10N5vtsDisplay.DataAxesGrid.XTitleFontFile = ''
a10N5vtsDisplay.DataAxesGrid.YTitleFontFile = ''
a10N5vtsDisplay.DataAxesGrid.ZTitleFontFile = ''
a10N5vtsDisplay.DataAxesGrid.XLabelFontFile = ''
a10N5vtsDisplay.DataAxesGrid.YLabelFontFile = ''
a10N5vtsDisplay.DataAxesGrid.ZLabelFontFile = ''
# init the 'PolarAxesRepresentation' selected for 'PolarAxes'
a10N5vtsDisplay.PolarAxes.PolarAxisTitleFontFile = ''
a10N5vtsDisplay.PolarAxes.PolarAxisLabelFontFile = ''
a10N5vtsDisplay.PolarAxes.LastRadialAxisTextFontFile = ''
a10N5vtsDisplay.PolarAxes.SecondaryRadialAxesTextFontFile = ''
# reset view to fit data
renderView1.ResetCamera()
# update the view to ensure updated data information
renderView1.Update()
# change representation type
a10N5vtsDisplay.SetRepresentationType('Surface')
# set scalar coloring
ColorBy(a10N5vtsDisplay, ('POINTS', 'u'))
# rescale color and/or opacity maps used to include current data range
a10N5vtsDisplay.RescaleTransferFunctionToDataRange(True, False)
# show color bar/color legend
a10N5vtsDisplay.SetScalarBarVisibility(renderView1, True)
# get color transfer function/color map for 'u'
uLUT = GetColorTransferFunction('u')
# get opacity transfer function/opacity map for 'u'
uPWF = GetOpacityTransferFunction('u')
# Apply a preset using its name. Note this may not work as expected when presets have duplicate names.
uLUT.ApplyPreset('jet', True)
#### saving camera placements for all active views
# current camera placement for renderView1
renderView1.CameraPosition = [-3.0002326812841265, 1.6327404724026686, 11.05952175767382]
renderView1.CameraFocalPoint = [1.0588007399094939, 0.19170381026056926, 4.052799553165938]
renderView1.CameraViewUp = [0.04393119170428755, 0.9832704546428532, -0.17677461192682026]
renderView1.CameraParallelScale = 3.7711602821057224
#### uncomment the following to render all views
# RenderAllViews()
# alternatively, if you want to write images, you can use SaveScreenshot(...).有了python代码之后，我们可以加入自己希望自定义的操作
2 运行python代码
建议使用paraview提供的pvpython解释器完成对代码的运行，比如
bash
pvpython mycode.py这样运行可能会导致视窗一晃而过，可以在python代码中加入下面一行实现视窗的停留
python
Interact()还可以保存截图
python
SaveScreenshot(working_dir+"/"+vts_file_name+"_SR.png", renderView1, ImageResolution=[2000, 2000],
TransparentBackground=1)3 paraview宏按钮
除了使用pvpython解释器运行代码，还可以使用宏。打开paraview的界面，点击Macros/Add new macro，添加python代码文件
这时工具栏会多出一个按钮。我们只需要按下按钮便会执行一边代码，这样即可实现paraview的二次开发