stm32单片机个人学习笔记14（USART串口数据包）

Chambor_mak2025-01-23 20:13

前言

本篇文章属于stm32单片机（以下简称单片机）的学习笔记，来源于B站教学视频。下面是这位up主的视频链接。本文为个人学习笔记，只能做参考，细节方面建议观看视频，肯定受益匪浅。

STM32入门教程-2023版 细致讲解 中文字幕_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

一、数据包

1.HEX数据包

防止载荷和包头包尾重复，选择固定包长比较好，也可以对载荷的数据范围进行限幅，让其取值无法取到包头包尾，也可以增加包头包尾的数量

如果要传输的数据是int、float、double类型，可以尝试指针数组

2.文本数据包

二、数据包接收

1.HEX数据包接收

状态机程序处理思路

2.文本数据包接收

三、实例一（HEX数据包接收）

extern声明变量为外部可调用变量

main.c

复制代码 
#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Serial.h"
#include "Key.h"

uint8_t KeyNum;

int main(void)
{

	OLED_Init();
	Key_Init();
	Serial_Init();
	
	OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "TxPacket");
	OLED_ShowString(3, 1, "RxPacket");
	
	Serial_TxPacket[0] = 0x01;
	Serial_TxPacket[1] = 0x02;
	Serial_TxPacket[2] = 0x03;
	Serial_TxPacket[3] = 0x04;
	
	while (1)
	{
		KeyNum = Key_GetNum();
		if (KeyNum == 1)
		{
			Serial_TxPacket[0] ++;
			Serial_TxPacket[1] ++;
			Serial_TxPacket[2] ++;
			Serial_TxPacket[3] ++;
			
			Serial_SendPacket();
			
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 1, Serial_TxPacket[0],2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 4, Serial_TxPacket[1],2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 7, Serial_TxPacket[2],2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 10, Serial_TxPacket[3],2);
		}
		if (Serial_GetRxFlag() == 1)
		{
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 1, Serial_RxPacket[0],2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 4, Serial_RxPacket[1],2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 7, Serial_RxPacket[2],2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 10, Serial_RxPacket[3],2);
		}
	}
}

Serial.c

复制代码 
#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

uint8_t Serial_TxPacket[4];
uint8_t Serial_RxPacket[4];
uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;

void Serial_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1 ,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA ,ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1 ,&USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE,ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
	USART_SendData(USART1, Byte);
	while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);	
}

void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array, uint16_t Length)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for (i = 0;i < Length; i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);
	}
}

void Serial_SendString(char *String)
{
	uint8_t i = 0;
	while(String[i] != '\0')
	{
		Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
		i++;
	}		
}
	
uint32_t Serial_Pow(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y)
{
	uint32_t Result = 1;
	while(Y--)
	{
		Result *= X;
	}
	return Result;
}	
	
void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0;i < Length;i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Number / Serial_Pow(10, Length - i -1) % 10 + '0');
	}
}

int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
	Serial_SendByte(ch);
	return ch;
}

void Serial_Printf(char *format, ...)
{
	char String[100];
	va_list arg;
	va_start(arg,format);
	vsprintf(String, format, arg);
	va_end(arg);
	Serial_SendString(String);
}

void Serial_SendPacket(void)
{
	Serial_SendByte(0xFF);
	Serial_SendArray(Serial_TxPacket, 4);
	Serial_SendByte(0xFE);
}

uint8_t Serial_GetRxFlag(void)
{
	if (Serial_RxFlag == 1)
	{
		Serial_RxFlag = 0;
		return 1;
	}
	else 
	{
		return 0;
	}
}


void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	static uint8_t RxState = 0;
	static uint8_t pRxPacket = 0;
	if (USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE)==SET)
	{
		uint8_t RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		switch(RxState)
		{
			case 0:
				if (RxData == 0xFF)
				{
					RxState = 1;
					pRxPacket = 0;
				}
				break;
			case 1:
				Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] = RxData;
				pRxPacket ++;
				if (pRxPacket >= 4)
				{
					RxState = 2;
				}					
				break;
			case 2:
				if (RxData == 0xFE)
				{
					RxState = 0;
					Serial_RxFlag = 1;
				}
				break;
		}			
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
	}
}

Serial.h

复制代码 
#ifndef __SERIAL_H__
#define __SERIAL_H__

#include <stdio.h>

extern uint8_t Serial_TxPacket[];
extern uint8_t Serial_RxPacket[];

void Serial_Init(void);
void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte);
void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array, uint16_t Length);
void Serial_SendString(char *String);
void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void Serial_Printf(char *format, ...);

void Serial_SendPacket(void);

uint8_t Serial_GetRxFlag(void);


#endif

四、实例二（文本数据包接收）

这里发送数据包的速度不能过快，不然会产生丢包的问题，因为这里是把第一个数据包读完才读下一个包的

main.c

复制代码 
#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Serial.h"
#include "LED.h"
#include <string.h>


int main(void)
{

	OLED_Init();
	LED_Init();
	Serial_Init();
	
	OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "TxPacket");
	OLED_ShowString(3, 1, "RxPacket");
	

	while (1)
	{
		if (Serial_RxFlag == 1)
		{
			OLED_ShowString(4, 1, "                ");
			OLED_ShowString(4, 1, Serial_RxPacket);
			
			if (strcmp(Serial_RxPacket, "LED_ON")==0)
			{
				LED1_ON();
				Serial_SendString("LED_ON_OK\r\n");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "                ");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "LED_ON_OK");
			}
			else if (strcmp(Serial_RxPacket, "LED_OFF")==0)
			{
				LED1_OFF();
				Serial_SendString("LED_OFF_OK\r\n");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "                ");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "LED_OFF_OK");
			}
			else
			{
				Serial_SendString("ERROR_COMMAND\r\n");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "                ");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "ERROR_COMMAND");
			}
			Serial_RxFlag = 0;
		}
	}
}

Serial.c

复制代码 
#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

char Serial_RxPacket[100];
uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;

void Serial_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1 ,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA ,ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1 ,&USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE,ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
	USART_SendData(USART1, Byte);
	while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);	
}

void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array, uint16_t Length)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for (i = 0;i < Length; i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);
	}
}

void Serial_SendString(char *String)
{
	uint8_t i = 0;
	while(String[i] != '\0')
	{
		Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
		i++;
	}		
}
	
uint32_t Serial_Pow(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y)
{
	uint32_t Result = 1;
	while(Y--)
	{
		Result *= X;
	}
	return Result;
}	
	
void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0;i < Length;i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Number / Serial_Pow(10, Length - i -1) % 10 + '0');
	}
}

int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
	Serial_SendByte(ch);
	return ch;
}

void Serial_Printf(char *format, ...)
{
	char String[100];
	va_list arg;
	va_start(arg,format);
	vsprintf(String, format, arg);
	va_end(arg);
	Serial_SendString(String);
}



void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	static uint8_t RxState = 0;
	static uint8_t pRxPacket = 0;
	if (USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE)==SET)
	{
		uint8_t RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		switch(RxState)
		{
			case 0:
				if (RxData == '@' && Serial_RxFlag == 0)
				{
					RxState = 1;
					pRxPacket = 0;
				}
				break;
			case 1:
				if (RxData == '\r')
				{
					RxState = 2;
				}
				else
				{
					Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] = RxData;
					pRxPacket ++;
				}
					
				break;
			case 2:
				if (RxData == '\n')
				{
					RxState = 0;
					Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] = '\0';
					Serial_RxFlag = 1;
				}
				break;
		}			
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
	}
}

Serial.h

复制代码 
#ifndef __SERIAL_H__
#define __SERIAL_H__

#include <stdio.h>

extern char Serial_RxPacket[];
extern uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;
void Serial_Init(void);
void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte);
void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array, uint16_t Length);
void Serial_SendString(char *String);
void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void Serial_Printf(char *format, ...);

void Serial_SendPacket(void);




#endif
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