DAY 13 Tensorflow 自制数据集数据增强断点续训

自制数据集代码如下：

python 复制代码

import tensorflow as tf
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import os

train_path = './mnist_image_label/mnist_train_jpg_60000/'
train_txt = './mnist_image_label/mnist_train_jpg_60000.txt'
x_train_savepath = './mnist_image_label/mnist_x_train.npy'
y_train_savepath = './mnist_image_label/mnist_y_train.npy'

test_path = './mnist_image_label/mnist_test_jpg_10000/'
test_txt = './mnist_image_label/mnist_test_jpg_10000.txt'
x_test_savepath = './mnist_image_label/mnist_x_test.npy'
y_test_savepath = './mnist_image_label/mnist_y_test.npy'


def generateds(path, txt):
    f = open(txt, 'r')  # 以只读形式打开txt文件
    contents = f.readlines()  # 读取文件中所有行
    f.close()  # 关闭txt文件
    x, y_ = [], []  # 建立空列表
    for content in contents:  # 逐行取出
        value = content.split()  # 以空格分开，图片路径为value[0] , 标签为value[1] , 存入列表
        img_path = path + value[0]  # 拼出图片路径和文件名
        img = Image.open(img_path)  # 读入图片
        img = np.array(img.convert('L'))  # 图片变为8位宽灰度值的np.array格式
        img = img / 255.  # 数据归一化 （实现预处理）
        x.append(img)  # 归一化后的数据，贴到列表x
        y_.append(value[1])  # 标签贴到列表y_
        print('loading : ' + content)  # 打印状态提示

    x = np.array(x)  # 变为np.array格式
    y_ = np.array(y_)  # 变为np.array格式
    y_ = y_.astype(np.int64)  # 变为64位整型
    return x, y_  # 返回输入特征x，返回标签y_


if os.path.exists(x_train_savepath) and os.path.exists(y_train_savepath) and os.path.exists(
        x_test_savepath) and os.path.exists(y_test_savepath):
    print('-------------Load Datasets-----------------')
    x_train_save = np.load(x_train_savepath)
    y_train = np.load(y_train_savepath)
    x_test_save = np.load(x_test_savepath)
    y_test = np.load(y_test_savepath)
    x_train = np.reshape(x_train_save, (len(x_train_save), 28, 28))
    x_test = np.reshape(x_test_save, (len(x_test_save), 28, 28))
else:
    print('-------------Generate Datasets-----------------')
    x_train, y_train = generateds(train_path, train_txt)
    x_test, y_test = generateds(test_path, test_txt)

    print('-------------Save Datasets-----------------')
    x_train_save = np.reshape(x_train, (len(x_train), -1))
    x_test_save = np.reshape(x_test, (len(x_test), -1))
    np.save(x_train_savepath, x_train_save)
    np.save(y_train_savepath, y_train)
    np.save(x_test_savepath, x_test_save)
    np.save(y_test_savepath, y_test)

model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
    tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])

model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
              metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'])

model.fit(x_train, y_train, batch_size=32, epochs=5, validation_data=(x_test, y_test), validation_freq=1)
model.summary()

第一次运行时，由于没有进行数据集的训练，所以会先执行generateds函数，然后生成.npy格式的数据集。第二次运行时，由于第一次运行已经生成了数据集，系统会检测到数据集，进而执行数据的训练。

数据增强：

我们可能会因为拍照角度，阴影的种种原因导致数据的效果并不是那么好，所以可以引入数据增强。

image_gen_train.fit(x_train) 这里的fit需要输入一个四位数据，所以需要对x.train进行reshape处理。处理后可以把6万张，28行28列的数据新增加一个通道为1的数据。这里的通道1指的是灰度值，之后就按照batch打包送入model.fit执行训练过程。

代码：

python 复制代码

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator

mnist = tf.keras.datasets.mnist
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()
x_train, x_test = x_train / 255.0, x_test / 255.0
x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0], 28, 28, 1)  # 给数据增加一个维度,从(60000, 28, 28)reshape为(60000, 28, 28, 1)

image_gen_train = ImageDataGenerator(
    rescale=1. / 1.,  # 如为图像，分母为255时，可归至0～1
    rotation_range=45,  # 随机45度旋转
    width_shift_range=.15,  # 宽度偏移
    height_shift_range=.15,  # 高度偏移
    horizontal_flip=False,  # 水平翻转
    zoom_range=0.5  # 将图像随机缩放阈量50％
)
image_gen_train.fit(x_train)

model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
    tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])

model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
              metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'])

model.fit(image_gen_train.flow(x_train, y_train, batch_size=32), epochs=5, validation_data=(x_test, y_test),
          validation_freq=1)
model.summary()

断点续训很简单，就是可以保存训练的结果，使你在下次预测的时候不需要重新训练数据集，直接使用存放在本地的训练结果进行预测就行。

python 复制代码

import tensorflow as tf
import os

mnist = tf.keras.datasets.mnist
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()
x_train, x_test = x_train / 255.0, x_test / 255.0

model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
    tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])

model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
              metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'])

checkpoint_save_path = "./checkpoint/mnist.ckpt"
if os.path.exists(checkpoint_save_path + '.index'):
    print('-------------load the model-----------------')
    model.load_weights(checkpoint_save_path)

cp_callback = tf.keras.callbacks.ModelCheckpoint(filepath=checkpoint_save_path,
                                                 save_weights_only=True,
                                                 save_best_only=True)

history = model.fit(x_train, y_train, batch_size=32, epochs=5, validation_data=(x_test, y_test), validation_freq=1,
                    callbacks=[cp_callback])
model.summary()

save_weights_only 只保留模型参数

save_best_only 只保留最优模型

fit中加入callback，返回给history

DAY 13 Tensorflow 自制数据集 数据增强 断点续训

DAY 13 Tensorflow 自制数据集数据增强断点续训