实时步数统计系统 kafka + spark +redis

ShAn DiAn2025-04-25 11:37

基于微服务架构设计并实现了一个实时步数统计系统，采用生产者-消费者模式，利用Kafka实现消息队列，Spark Streaming处理实时数据流，Redis提供高性能数据存储，实现了一个高并发、低延迟的数据处理系统，支持多用户运动数据的实时采集、传输、处理和统计分析。

1.介绍

1.数据采集与生产者（StepDataProducer）
  • 作用：负责生成用户步数数据并发送到Kafka主题。
  • 原理：生产者会随机生成用户步数数据（包括用户ID、位置、步数和时间戳），然后将这些数据序列化为JSON格式，通过Kafka Producer API发送到指定的Kafka主题。
2. 消息队列（Kafka）
  • 作用：作为消息中间件，负责解耦数据生产者和消费者。
  • 原理：Kafka是一个分布式流处理平台，支持高吞吐量的消息发布和订阅。生产者将数据发送到Kafka主题，消费者从主题中读取数据。Kafka保证消息的顺序性和持久性，支持水平扩展。
3. 实时数据处理（Spark Streaming）
  • 作用：实时处理从Kafka中消费的数据流。
  • 原理：Spark Streaming是一个实时数据处理框架，能够处理实时数据流。它从Kafka中消费数据，进行数据解析和处理（如步数统计），并将处理结果输出到下游系统。Spark Streaming支持微批处理，能够在低延迟的情况下处理大规模数据。
4. 数据存储（Redis）
  • 作用：存储处理后的用户步数数据，支持快速读写。
  • 原理：Redis是一个高性能的内存数据库，支持多种数据结构。处理后的用户步数数据会被存储在Redis中，Redis的高性能读写能力确保了系统的实时性和响应速度。
5. 消费者（StepCounterApp）
  • 作用：从Kafka中消费数据，进行处理并更新到Redis。
  • 原理：消费者从Kafka主题中读取数据，使用Spark Streaming进行实时处理，然后将处理结果（如用户的累计步数）存储到Redis中。消费者负责整个数据处理链路的执行。

2.文件结构

复制代码 
microservices/
├── pom.xml
├── dependency-reduced-pom.xml
├── 教程.txt
├── query
├── target/
└── src/
    └── main/
        ├── resources/
        │   └── application.properties  (包含Kafka、Redis和Spark配置)
        └── java/
            └── com/
                └── example/
                    └── stepcounter/
                        ├── StepCounterApp.java
                        ├── StepDataProducer.java
                        ├── service/
                        ├── config/
                        └── model/

3.具体代码

Appconfig.java
复制代码 
package com.example.stepcounter.config;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class AppConfig {
    private static final Properties properties = new Properties();

    static {
        try (InputStream input = AppConfig.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("application.properties")) {
            if (input == null) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Unable to find application.properties");
            }
            properties.load(input);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error loading application.properties", e);
        }
    }

    public static String getProperty(String key) {
        String value = properties.getProperty(key);
        return value != null ? value.trim() : null;
    }

    public static Properties getKafkaProperties() {
        Properties kafkaProps = new Properties();
        kafkaProps.put("bootstrap.servers", getProperty("kafka.bootstrap.servers"));
        kafkaProps.put("group.id", getProperty("kafka.group.id"));
        kafkaProps.put("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        kafkaProps.put("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        return kafkaProps;
    }
}
Userstep.java
复制代码 
package com.example.stepcounter.model;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserStep {
    private String userId;
    private String location;
    private Integer steps;
    private Long timestamp;
}
RedisService.java
复制代码 
package com.example.stepcounter.service;

import com.example.stepcounter.config.AppConfig;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;

public class RedisService {
    private static final JedisPool jedisPool;

    static {
        JedisPoolConfig poolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
        poolConfig.setMaxTotal(10);
        poolConfig.setMaxIdle(5);
        poolConfig.setMinIdle(1);

        String host = AppConfig.getProperty("redis.host");
        int port = Integer.parseInt(AppConfig.getProperty("redis.port"));
        String password = AppConfig.getProperty("redis.password");
        int database = Integer.parseInt(AppConfig.getProperty("redis.database"));

        if (password != null && !password.trim().isEmpty()) {
            jedisPool = new JedisPool(poolConfig, host, port, 2000, password, database);
        } else {
            jedisPool = new JedisPool(poolConfig, host, port, 2000);
        }
    }

    public static void incrementUserSteps(String userId, int steps) {
        try (Jedis jedis = jedisPool.getResource()) {
            String key = "user:" + userId + ":steps";
            jedis.incrBy(key, steps);
        }
    }

    public static Long getUserTotalSteps(String userId) {
        try (Jedis jedis = jedisPool.getResource()) {
            String key = "user:" + userId + ":steps";
            String steps = jedis.get(key);
            return steps != null ? Long.parseLong(steps) : 0L;
        }
    }
}
StepCounterApp.java
复制代码 
package com.example.stepcounter;

import com.example.stepcounter.config.AppConfig;
import com.example.stepcounter.model.UserStep;
import com.example.stepcounter.service.RedisService;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;
import org.apache.spark.streaming.Durations;
import org.apache.spark.streaming.api.java.JavaInputDStream;
import org.apache.spark.streaming.api.java.JavaStreamingContext;
import org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka010.ConsumerStrategies;
import org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka010.KafkaUtils;
import org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka010.LocationStrategies;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

public class StepCounterApp {
    private static final Gson gson = new Gson();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        // 创建Spark配置
        SparkConf sparkConf = new SparkConf()
                .setAppName(AppConfig.getProperty("spark.app.name"))
                .setMaster(AppConfig.getProperty("spark.master"));

        // 创建StreamingContext
        JavaStreamingContext streamingContext = new JavaStreamingContext(
                sparkConf,
                Durations.seconds(Integer.parseInt(AppConfig.getProperty("spark.streaming.batch.duration")))
        );

        // 配置Kafka消费者
        Properties kafkaProps = AppConfig.getKafkaProperties();
        String topic = AppConfig.getProperty("kafka.topic");

        // 将Properties转换为Map
        Map<String, Object> kafkaParams = new HashMap<>();
        for (String key : kafkaProps.stringPropertyNames()) {
            kafkaParams.put(key, kafkaProps.get(key));
        }

        // 创建Kafka输入流
        JavaInputDStream<ConsumerRecord<String, String>> stream = KafkaUtils.createDirectStream(
                streamingContext,
                LocationStrategies.PreferConsistent(),
                ConsumerStrategies.Subscribe(Collections.singletonList(topic), kafkaParams)
        );

        // 处理数据流
        stream.foreachRDD(rdd -> {
            rdd.foreach(record -> {
                String json = record.value();
                UserStep userStep = gson.fromJson(json, UserStep.class);
                
                // 更新Redis中的用户步数
                RedisService.incrementUserSteps(userStep.getUserId(), userStep.getSteps());
                
                // 获取并打印用户总步数
                Long totalSteps = RedisService.getUserTotalSteps(userStep.getUserId());
                System.out.printf("User %s at %s walked %d steps, total steps: %d%n",
                        userStep.getUserId(),
                        userStep.getLocation(),
                        userStep.getSteps(),
                        totalSteps);
            });
        });

        // 启动Streaming处理
        streamingContext.start();
        streamingContext.awaitTermination();
    }
}
StepDataProducer.java
复制代码 
package com.example.stepcounter;

import com.example.stepcounter.config.AppConfig;
import com.example.stepcounter.model.UserStep;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;

import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Random;

public class StepDataProducer {
    private static final Gson gson = new Gson();
    private static final Random random = new Random();
    private static final String[] LOCATIONS = {"Home", "Park", "Office", "Gym", "Mall"};
    private static final String[] USER_IDS = {"user1", "user2", "user3", "user4", "user5"};

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, AppConfig.getProperty("kafka.bootstrap.servers"));
        props.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
        props.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());

        KafkaProducer<String, String> producer = new KafkaProducer<>(props);
        String topic = AppConfig.getProperty("kafka.topic");

        try {
            while (true) {
                UserStep userStep = generateRandomUserStep();
                String json = gson.toJson(userStep);
                
                producer.send(new ProducerRecord<>(topic, userStep.getUserId(), json));
                System.out.println("Sent: " + json);
                
                Thread.sleep(1000); // 每秒发送一条数据
            }
        } finally {
            producer.close();
        }
    }

    private static UserStep generateRandomUserStep() {
        String userId = USER_IDS[random.nextInt(USER_IDS.length)];
        String location = LOCATIONS[random.nextInt(LOCATIONS.length)];
        int steps = random.nextInt(100) + 1; // 1-100步
        long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();

        return new UserStep(userId, location, steps, timestamp);
    }
}
application.properties
复制代码 
# Kafka Configuration
kafka.bootstrap.servers=localhost:9092
kafka.topic=user-steps
kafka.group.id=step-counter-group

# Redis Configuration
redis.host=localhost
redis.port=6379
redis.password=
redis.database=0

# Spark Configuration
spark.app.name=StepCounter
spark.master=local[2]
spark.streaming.batch.duration=5
dependency-reduced-pom.xml
复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>step-counter</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
          <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.4</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <transformers>
                <transformer>
                  <mainClass>com.example.stepcounter.StepCounterApp</mainClass>
                </transformer>
                <transformer />
              </transformers>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>1.18.26</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <spark.version>3.3.0</spark.version>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <kafka.version>3.5.0</kafka.version>
  </properties>
</project>
pom.xml
复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>step-counter</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <spark.version>3.3.0</spark.version>
        <kafka.version>3.5.0</kafka.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spark Core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
            <artifactId>spark-core_2.12</artifactId>
            <version>${spark.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spark Streaming -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
            <artifactId>spark-streaming_2.12</artifactId>
            <version>${spark.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spark Streaming Kafka -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
            <artifactId>spark-streaming-kafka-0-10_2.12</artifactId>
            <version>${spark.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Kafka Clients -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
            <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
            <version>${kafka.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Redis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.26</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Gson -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.10.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- SLF4J -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.36</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.36</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
                    <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.4</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>shade</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <transformers>
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                    <mainClass>com.example.stepcounter.StepCounterApp</mainClass>
                                </transformer>
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
                            </transformers>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

4.运行

在window开了6个cmd

复制代码 
REM 启动zookeeper！！



C:\kafka\kafka_2.12-3.6.1\bin\windows>zookeeper-server-start.bat ..\..\config\zookeeper.properties




REM 启动Redis！！！



C:\Users\86182>redis-server.exe



REM 启动kafka！！！



C:\kafka\kafka_2.12-3.6.1\bin\windows>kafka-server-start.bat ..\..\config\server.properties



REM 创建kafka主题！！！



C:\kafka\kafka_2.12-3.6.1\bin\windows>kafka-topics.bat --create --topic user-steps --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --partitions 1 --replication-factor 1
Created topic user-steps.



REM 消费者！！！



C:\microservices>java -cp target/step-counter-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar com.example.stepcounter.StepCounterApp



REM 生产者！！！



C:\microservices>java -cp target/step-counter-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar com.example.stepcounter.StepDataProducer
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