ansible阶段练习题

一、安装和配置 ansible 环境

1）安装所需软件包

2）在/home/student/ansible/inventory 文件中设置主机清单，要求：

node1 属于 test01 主机组

node2 属于 test02 主机组

node3 和 node4 属于 web 主机组

node5 属于 test05 主机组

web 组属于 webtest 主机组

3）在/home/student/ansible 目录中创建 ansible.cfg，满足以下需求：

主机清单文件为/home/student/ansible/inventory

playbook 中角色位置为/home/student/ansible/roles

collection 位置为/home/student/ansible/collections

1、编辑主机清单，创建两个目录（roles、collections），下载配置文件ansible.cfg

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ~]$ mkdir ansible
[student@master ~]$ ls
ansible
[student@master ~]$ cd ansible/
[student@master ansible]$ ls
[student@master ansible]$ vim inventory
[student@master ansible]$ cat inventory 
[test01]
node1

[test02]
node2

[web]
node3
node4

[test05]
node5

[webtest:children]
web
[student@master ansible]$ mkdir roles
[student@master ansible]$ mkdir collections
[student@master ansible]$ sudo vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg 
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-config init --disabled > ansible.cfg
[student@master ansible]$ ls
ansible.cfg  collections  inventory  roles

2、更改配置文件ansible.cfg

（1）inventory=/home/student/ansible/inventory

（2）roles_path=/home/student/ansible/roles

（3）collections_path=/home/student/ansible/collections

（4）remote_user=student

（5）host_key_checking=False

（6）privilege：

become=True

become_ask_pass=False

become_method=sudo

become_user=root

3、测试是否更改成功

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ ansible all -m ping
node5 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
node1 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
node2 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
node4 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
node3 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

二、创建和运行 Ansible 任务

编写脚本/home/student/ansible/yum.yml，为所有受管机配置 yum 仓库。

仓库 1：

名称为 BASEOS，描述为 software base

URL 为 http://ansible.example.com/rhel9/BaseOS

GPG 签名启用

GPG 密钥 URL 为 http://ansible.example.com/rhel9/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

仓库为启用状态

仓库 2：

名称为 APPSTREAM，描述为 software stream

URL 为 http://ansible.example.com/rhel9/AppStream

GPG 签名启用

GPG 密钥 URL 为 http://ansible.example.com/rhel9/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

仓库为启用状态

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim yum.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml 
[student@master ansible]$ ansible node1 -m shell -a 'ls /etc/yum.repos.d'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
APPSTREAM.repo
BASEOS.repo
redhat.repo

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: repo
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: repo1
      yum_repository:
        name: BASEOS
        description: software base
        baseurl: http://ansible.example.com/rhel9/BaseOS
        enabled: yes
        gpgcheck: yes
        gpgkey: http://ansible.example.com/rhel9/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

    - name: repo2
      yum_repository:
        name: APPSTREAM
        description: software stream
        baseurl: http://ansible.example.com/rhel9/AppStream
        enabled: yes
        gpgcheck: yes
        gpgkey: http://ansible.example.com/rhel9/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

三、编写剧本远程安装软件

创建名为/home/student/ansible/tools.yml 的 playbook，能够实现以下目的：

1）将 php 和 tftp 软件包安装到 test01、test02 和 web 主机组中的主机上

2）将 RPM Development Tools 软件包组安装到 test01 主机组中的主机上

3）将 test01 主机组中的主机上所有软件包升级到最新版本

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim tools.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook tools.yml

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: install php tftp
  hosts: test01,test02,web
  tasks:
    - name: php tftp
      yum:
        name:
          - php
          - tftp
        state: present

- name: install RPM Development Tools
  hosts: test01
  tasks:
    - name: RPM Development Tools
      yum:
        name: "@RPM Development Tools"
        state: present

    - name: update
      yum:
        name: '*'
        state: latest

四、配置计划任务

编写剧本/home/student/ansible/jihua.yml

1）在 test02 组中的被管理主机运行

2）为用户 student 创建计划任务： student 用户每隔 5 分钟执行 echo "hello tarena"

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim jihua.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook jihua.yml 
[student@master ansible]$ ansible node2 -m shell -a 'crontab -l -u student'
node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
#Ansible: cron1
*/5 * * * * echo "hello tarena"

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: cron
  hosts: test02
  tasks:
    - name: test
      cron:
        name: cron1
        user: student
        minute: '*/5'
        job: echo "hello tarena"

五、安装并使用系统角色(timesync)

安装 RHEL 角色软件包，并创建剧本/home/student/ansible/timesync.yml，满足以下要求：

1）在 test01 组中的被管理主机运行

2）使用 timesync 角色

3）配置该角色,使用时间服务器 ansible.example.com,并启用 iburst 参数

1、安装软件包（sudo yum -y install ）

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ sudo yum -y install rhel-system-roles

2、复制timesync

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ cd /usr/share/ansible/roles/
[student@master roles]$ cp -r rhel-system-roles.timesync/ /home/student/ansible/roles/timesync
[student@master roles]$ cd -
/home/student/ansible
[student@master ansible]$ ls
ansible.cfg  collections  inventory  jihua.yml  roles  tools.yml  yum.yml
[student@master ansible]$ cd roles/
[student@master roles]$ ls
timesync

3、编写timesync.yml并运行测试

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim timesync.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook timesync.yml 
[student@master ansible]$ ansible test01 -m shell -a 'chronyc sources'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample               
===============================================================================
^? ansible.example.com           0   7     0     -     +0ns[   +0ns] +/-    0ns

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: timesync
  hosts: test01
  vars:
    timesync_ntp_servers:
      - hostname: ansible.example.com
        iburst: yes
  roles:
    - timesync

六、通过 galaxy 安装角色与 collection

创建剧本/home/student/ansible/roles/down.yml，用来从以下 URL 下载角色，

并安装到/home/student/ansible/roles 目录下：

http://ansible.example.com/roles/haproxy.tar 此角色名为 haproxy

http://ansible.example.com/roles/myphp.tar 此角色名为 myphp

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim roles/down.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-galaxy install -r roles/down.yml -p roles/
Starting galaxy role install process
- downloading role from http://ansible.example.com/roles/haproxy.tar
- extracting haproxy to /home/student/ansible/roles/haproxy
- haproxy was installed successfully
- downloading role from http://ansible.example.com/roles/myphp.tar
- extracting myphp to /home/student/ansible/roles/myphp
- myphp was installed successfully
[student@master ansible]$ ls roles/
down.yml  haproxy  myphp  timesync

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: haproxy
  src: http://ansible.example.com/roles/haproxy.tar

- name: myphp
  src: http://ansible.example.com/roles/myphp.tar

从 http://ansible.example.com/materials/下载如下 collection 并安装到

/home/student/ansible/collections 目录下：

ansible-posix-1.5.1.tar.gz

community-general-6.3.0.tar.gz

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ ansible-galaxy collection install http://ansible.example.com/materials/ansible-posix-1.5.1.tar.gz -p collections/

Downloading http://ansible.example.com/materials/ansible-posix-1.5.1.tar.gz to /home/student/.ansible/tmp/ansible-local-1702g_oap558/tmposng8z3m/ansible-posix-1.5.1-6g8pa25c
Starting galaxy collection install process
Process install dependency map
Starting collection install process
Installing 'ansible.posix:1.5.1' to '/home/student/ansible/collections/ansible_collections/ansible/posix'
ansible.posix:1.5.1 was installed successfully

[student@master ansible]$ ansible-galaxy collection install http://ansible.example.com/materials/community-general-6.3.0.tar.gz -p collections/

Downloading http://ansible.example.com/materials/community-general-6.3.0.tar.gz to /home/student/.ansible/tmp/ansible-local-1706yl5wyhpe/tmpj9pd_e1e/community-general-6.3.0-qk65cw7a
Starting galaxy collection install process
Process install dependency map
Starting collection install process
Installing 'community.general:6.3.0' to '/home/student/ansible/collections/ansible_collections/community/general'
community.general:6.3.0 was installed successfully

[student@master ansible]$ ls collections/
ansible_collections
[student@master ansible]$ cd collections/ansible_collections/
[student@master ansible_collections]$ ls
ansible  community

七、创建及使用自定义角色

根据下列要求,在/home/student/ansible/roles 中创建名为 httpd 的角色:

1）安装 httpd 软件，并能够开机自动运行

2）开启防火墙，并允许 httpd 通过

3）使用模板 index.html.j2，用来创建/var/www/html/index.html 网页，

内容如下（HOSTNAME 是受管理节点的完全域名，IPADDRESS 是 IP 地址）：

Welcome to HOSTNAME on IPADDRESS

然后创建剧本 /home/student/ansible/myrole.yml，为 webtest 主机组启用 httpd 角色。

1、手动生成一个角色（httpd）

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ cd roles/
[student@master roles]$ ls
down.yml  haproxy  myphp  timesync
[student@master roles]$ ansible-galaxy init httpd
- Role httpd was created successfully
[student@master roles]$ ls
down.yml  haproxy  httpd  myphp  timesync

2、编写模版文件

powershell 复制代码

[student@master roles]$ cd httpd/
[student@master httpd]$ ls
defaults  files  handlers  meta  README.md  tasks  templates  tests  vars
[student@master httpd]$ vim templates/index.html.j2
[student@master httpd]$ cat templates/index.html.j2
Welcome to {{ ansible_fqdn }} on {{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}

3、编写任务

powershell 复制代码

[student@master httpd]$ vim tasks/main.yml

powershell 复制代码

---
# tasks file for httpd
- name: install pkg
  yum:
    name:
      - httpd
      - firewalld
    state: present

- name: cp html
  template:
    src: index.html.j2
    dest: /var/www/html/index.html

- name: restarted service
  service:
    name: "{{ item }}"
    state: restarted
    enabled: yes
  loop:
    - httpd
    - firewalld

- name: set firewalld
  firewalld:
    service: http
    state: enabled
    permanent: yes
    immediate: yes

4、编写myrole.yml并运行测试

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim myrole.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook myrole.yml 
[student@master ansible]$ curl http://node3
Welcome to node3.example.com on 192.168.122.30
[student@master ansible]$ curl http://node4
Welcome to node4.example.com on 192.168.122.40

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: use httpd role
  hosts: webtest
  roles:
    - httpd

八、使用之前通过 galaxy 下载的角色

创建剧本/home/student/ansible/web.yml，满足下列需求：

1）该剧本中包含一个 play，可以在 test05 主机组运行 haproxy 角色

（此角色已经配置好网站的负载均衡服务）

2）多次访问 http://node5.example.com 可以输出不同主机的欢迎页面

3）该剧本中包含另一个 play，可以在 webtest 主机组运行 myphp 角色

（此角色已经配置好网站的 php 页面）

4）多次访问 http://node5.example.com/index.php 也输出不同主机的欢迎页面

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim web.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook web.yml 
[student@master ansible]$ curl http://node5.example.com
Welcome to node3.example.com on 192.168.122.30
[student@master ansible]$ curl http://node5.example.com
Welcome to node4.example.com on 192.168.122.40
[student@master ansible]$ curl http://node5.example.com/index.php
hello php world from node3.example.com
[student@master ansible]$ curl http://node5.example.com/index.php
hello php world from node4.example.com

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: get fact
  hosts: webtest
- name: use haproxy role
  hosts: test05
  roles:
    - haproxy

- name: use myphp role
  hosts: webtest
  roles:
    - myphp

九、编写剧本远程管理逻辑卷

创建剧本 /home/student/ansible/lvm.yml，用来为所有受管机完成以下部署：

1）在卷组 search 中创建名为 mylv 的逻辑卷，大小为 1000MiB

2）使用 ext4 文件系统格式化该逻辑卷

3）如果无法创建要求的大小，应显示错误信息 insufficient free space，

并改为 500MiB

4）如果卷组 search 不存在，应显示错误信息 VG not found

5）不需要挂载逻辑卷

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim lvm.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook lvm.yml 

PLAY [create lv] ******************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************
ok: [node4]
ok: [node5]
ok: [node3]
ok: [node1]
ok: [node2]

TASK [create 1000 lv] *************************************************************************
skipping: [node2]
fatal: [node5]: FAILED! => {"changed": false, "err": "  Volume group \"search\" has insufficient free space (199 extents): 250 required.\n", "msg": "Creating logical volume 'mylv' failed", "rc": 5}
changed: [node4]
changed: [node1]
changed: [node3]

TASK [output message1] ************************************************************************
ok: [node5] => {
    "msg": "insufficient free space"
}

TASK [create 500 lv] **************************************************************************
changed: [node5]

TASK [mkfs] ***********************************************************************************
skipping: [node2]
changed: [node4]
changed: [node3]
changed: [node5]
changed: [node1]

TASK [output message2] ************************************************************************
skipping: [node1]
skipping: [node5]
ok: [node2] => {
    "msg": "VG not found"
}
skipping: [node3]
skipping: [node4]

PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************
node1                      : ok=3    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0   
node2                      : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=2    rescued=0    ignored=0   
node3                      : ok=3    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0   
node4                      : ok=3    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0   
node5                      : ok=4    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=1    ignored=0

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: create lv
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: create lv1
      block:
        - name: create 1000 lv
          lvol:
            lv: mylv
            vg: search
            size: 1000

      rescue:
        - name: output message1
          debug:
            msg: insufficient free space

        - name: create 500 lv
          lvol:
            lv: mylv
            vg: search
            size: 500

      always:
        - name: mkfs
          filesystem:
            dev: /dev/search/mylv
            fstype: ext4
      when: "'search' in ansible_lvm.vgs"

    - name: output message2
      debug:
        msg: VG not found
      when: "'search' not in ansible_lvm.vgs"

十、根据模板部署主机文件

从 http://ansible.example.com/materials/newhosts.j2 下载模板文件

完成该模板文件，用来生成新主机清单（主机的显示顺序没有要求），结构如下：

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.122.10 node1.example.com node1

192.168.122.20 node2.example.com node2

192.168.122.30 node3.example.com node3

192.168.122.40 node4.example.com node4

192.168.122.50 node5.example.com node5

创建剧本/home/student/ansible/newhosts.yml，它将使用上述模板在 test01 主机组的主机上

生成文件/etc/newhosts。

1、下载模版，编辑模版

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ curl -O http://ansible.example.com/materials/newhosts.j2
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   158  100   158    0     0  22571      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 22571
[student@master ansible]$ vim newhosts.j2 
[student@master ansible]$ cat newhosts.j2 
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
{% for i in groups.all %}
{{hostvars[i].ansible_default_ipv4.address }} {{ hostvars[i].ansible_fqdn }} {{ hostvars[i].ansible_hostname }}
{% endfor %}

2、编写newhosts.yml并运行测试

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim newhosts.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook newhosts.yml 
[student@master ansible]$ ansible test01 -m shell -a 'cat /etc/newhosts'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.122.10 node1.example.com node1
192.168.122.20 node2.example.com node2
192.168.122.50 node5.example.com node5
192.168.122.30 node3.example.com node3
192.168.122.40 node4.example.com node4

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: get fact
  hosts: all
- name: get file
  hosts: test01
  tasks:
    - name: get file1
      template:
        src: /home/student/ansible/newhosts.j2
        dest: /etc/newhosts

十一、编写剧本修改远程文件内容

创建剧本 /home/student/ansible/newissue.yml，满足下列要求：

1）在所有清单主机上运行，替换/etc/issue 的内容

2）对于 test01 主机组中的主机，/etc/issue 文件内容为 test01

3）对于 test02 主机组中的主机，/etc/issue 文件内容为 test02

4）对于 web 主机组中的主机，/etc/issue 文件内容为 Webserver

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim newissue.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook newissue.yml 
[student@master ansible]$ ansible all -m shell -a 'cat /etc/issue'
node4 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Webserver
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
test01
node3 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Webserver
node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
test02
node5 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: replace
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: replace1
      copy:
        content: |
          {% if 'test01' in group_names %}
          test01
          {% elif 'test02' in group_names %}
          test02
          {% elif 'web' in group_names %}
          Webserver
          {% endif %}
        dest: /etc/issue

十二、编写剧本部署远程 Web 目录

创建剧本/home/student/ansible/webdev.yml，满足下列要求：

1）在 test01 主机组运行

2）创建目录/webdev，属于 webdev 组，权限为 rwxrwxr-x，具有 SetGID 特殊权限

3）使用符号链接/var/www/html/webdev 链接到/webdev 目录

4）创建文件/webdev/index.html，内容是 It's works!

5）查看 test01 主机组的 web 页面 http://node1/webdev/将显示 It's works!

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim webdev.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook webdev.yml 
[student@master ansible]$ curl http://node1/webdev/
It's works!

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: web
  hosts: test01
  tasks:
    - name: install httpd
      yum:
        name:
          - httpd
          - firewalld
        state: present

    - name: create group
      group:
        name: webdev
        state: present

    - name: mkdir /webdev
      file:
        path: /webdev
        group: webdev
        mode: 2775
        state: directory
        setype: httpd_sys_content_t

    - name: touch index.html
      copy:
        content: "It's works!\n"
        dest: /webdev/index.html
        setype: httpd_sys_content_t

    - name: link
      file:
        src: /webdev
        dest: /var/www/html/webdev
        state: link
    - name: restarted httpd firewalld
      service:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: restarted
        enabled: yes
      loop:
        - httpd
        - firewalld

    - name: set filewalld
      firewalld:
        service: http
        state: enabled
        permanent: yes
        immediate: yes

十三、编写剧本为受管机生成硬件报告

创建名为/home/student/ansible/hardware.yml 的 playbook，满足下列要求：

1）使所有受管理节点从以下 URL 下载文件：

http://ansible.example.com/materials/hardware.empty

2）并用来生成以下硬件报告信息，存储在各自的/root/hardware.txt 文件中

清单主机名称 inventory_hostname

以 MB 表示的总内存大小 ansible_memtotal_mb

BIOS 版本 ansible_bios_version

硬盘 vda 的大小 ansible_devices.vda.size

硬盘 vdb 的大小ansible_devices.vdb.size

如果这些硬件信息不存在的话，则改成NONE字符串

1、下载文件

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ curl -O http://ansible.example.com/materials/hardware.empty
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   106  100   106    0     0   3312      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  3533
[student@master ansible]$ cat hardware.empty 
hostname=inventoryhostname
mem=memory_in_MB
bios=BIOS_version
vdasize=disk_vda_size
vdbsize=disk_vdb_size

2、编写hardware.yml并运行测试

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim hardware.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook hardware.yml 
[student@master ansible]$ ansible all -m shell -a 'cat /root/hardware.txt'
node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hostname=node2
mem=1962
bios=1.16.0-4.el9
vdasize=8.00 GB
vdbsize=1.50 GB
node5 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hostname=node5
mem=1962
bios=1.16.0-4.el9
vdasize=8.00 GB
vdbsize=5.00 GB
node4 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hostname=node4
mem=1962
bios=1.16.0-4.el9
vdasize=8.00 GB
vdbsize=5.00 GB
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hostname=node1
mem=1962
bios=1.16.0-4.el9
vdasize=8.00 GB
vdbsize=5.00 GB
node3 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hostname=node3
mem=1962
bios=1.16.0-4.el9
vdasize=8.00 GB
vdbsize=5.00 GB

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: test
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: get file
      get_url:
        url: http://ansible.example.com/materials/hardware.empty
        dest: /root/hardware.txt

    - name: hostname
      replace:
        path: /root/hardware.txt
        regexp: inventoryhostname
        replace: "{{ inventory_hostname }}"

    - name: mem
      replace:
        path: /root/hardware.txt
        regexp: memory_in_MB
        replace: "{{ ansible_memtotal_mb }}"

    - name: bios
      replace:
        path: /root/hardware.txt
        regexp: BIOS_version
        replace: "{{ ansible_bios_version }}"

    - name: vda
      replace:
        path: /root/hardware.txt
        regexp: disk_vda_size
        replace: "{{ ansible_devices.vda.size if ansible_devices.vda is defined else 'NONE' }}"

    - name: vdb
      replace:
        path: /root/hardware.txt
        regexp: disk_vdb_size
        replace: "{{ ansible_devices.vdb.size if ansible_devices.vdb is defined else 'NONE' }}"

十四、创建保险库文件

创建 ansible 保险库 /home/student/ansible/passdb.yml，其中有 2 个变量：

1）pw_dev，值为 ab1234

2）pw_man，值为 cd5678

加密和解密该库的密码是 pwd@1234，密码存在/home/student/ansible/secret.txt 中

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim passdb.yml
[student@master ansible]$ cat passdb.yml 
---
pw_dev: ab1234
pw_man: cd5678
[student@master ansible]$ vim secret.txt
[student@master ansible]$ cat secret.txt 
pwd@1234
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-vault encrypt passdb.yml --vault-id secret.txt 
Encryption successful

十五、编写剧本为受管机批量创建用户

从以下 URL 下载用户列表，保存到/home/student/ansible 目录下：

http://ansible.example.com/materials/name_list.yml

创建剧本/home/student/ansible/users.yml 的 playbook，满足下列要求:

1）使用之前题目中的 passdb.yml 保险库文件提供的密码做用户密码

2）职位描述为 dev 的用户应在 test01、test02 主机组的受管机上创建，

使用 pw_dev 变量分配密码，是补充组 devops 的成员

3）职位描述为 man 的用户应在 web 主机组的受管机上创建,

使用 pw_man 变量分配密码，是补充组 opsmgr 的成员

4）密码应采用 SHA512 哈希格式，这几个用户的密码最大有效时间为30天

5）该 playbook 可以使用之前题目创建的 secret.txt 密码文件运行

1、下载用户列表

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ curl -O http://ansible.example.com/materials/name_list.yml
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   141  100   141    0     0   2350      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  2431
[student@master ansible]$ cat name_list.yml 
users:
  - name: tom
    job: dev
  - name: jerry
    job: man

2、编写users.yml并运行

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ vim users.yml
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook users.yml --vault-id secret.txt

powershell 复制代码

---
- name: create user for dev
  hosts: test01,test02
  vars_files:
    - /home/student/ansible/passdb.yml
    - /home/student/ansible/name_list.yml
  tasks:
    - name: create group
      group:
        name: devops
        state: present

    - name: create user
      user:
        name: "{{ item.name }}"
        group: devops
        password: "{{ pw_dev | password_hash('sha512') }}"
        state: present
        password_expire_max: 30
      loop: "{{ users }}"
      when: item.job == 'dev'

- name: create user for man
  hosts: web
  vars_files:
    - /home/student/ansible/passdb.yml
    - /home/student/ansible/name_list.yml
  tasks:
    - name: create group1
      group:
        name: opsmgr
        state: present

    - name: create user
      user:
        name: "{{ item.name }}"
        group: opsmgr
        password: "{{ pw_man | password_hash('sha512') }}"
        state: present
        password_expire_max: 30
      loop: "{{ users }}"
      when: item.job == 'man'

十六、重设保险库密码

从以下 URL 下载保险库文件到/home/student/ansible 目录：

http://ansible.example.com/materials/topsec.yml

当前的库密码是 banana，新密码是 big_banana，请更新该库密码

powershell 复制代码

[student@master ansible]$ curl -O http://ansible.example.com/materials/topsec.yml
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   419  100   419    0     0  22052      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 23277
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-vault rekey topsec.yml 
Vault password: 
New Vault password: 
Confirm New Vault password: 
Rekey successful
[student@master ansible]$ ansible-vault view topsec.yml 
Vault password: 
---
- I love banana.