简单的Web UI自动化测试框架Java实现

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这个框架的名字叫OAT,全称Object-Oriented Automation Test.这个框架的思想借助于Tellurium框架.他的主要功能是将页面信息及行为存储在Java 对象中,然后在脚本中引用页面的行为.自动化程序最终由许多的页面行为组成.这个框架默认使用Selenium1驱动,并且可以通过编程使用其他驱动,因为OAT是面向接口的。

以下以google home page的demo为例,介绍这个基于Annoation和反射的框架基本运行原理.

page对象

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//存储页面URL  
@OatPage("webhp")   
public class GooglePage extends Page{  
    @Element("q") // 搜索输入框的定位符  
    private TextField textField;  
    @Element("btnG") // 搜索按钮的定位符  
    private Button searchButton;  
      
    // TextField和Button有共同的祖先类Element  
    public TextField getTextField() {  
        return textField;  
    }  
    public Button getSearchButton() {  
        return searchButton;  
    }  
    //进行一次搜索  
    public void doSearch(String q){  
        this.textField.type(q);  
        this.searchButton.click();  
    }     
  
}

TextField和button类

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// Element子类,有自己独特的行为  
public class TextField extends Element {  
      
    public void type(String value) {  
        vendor.type(locator, value);  
    }  
      
    public boolean idEditable(){  
        return vendor.isEditable(locator);        
    }  
      
    public String getValue() {  
        return vendor.getAttribute(locator);  
    }  
  
}  
// 同样是Element的子类,有自己行为  
public class Button extends Element {  
      
      
    public void click() {  
        vendor.click(locator);  
    }  
      
    public void clickAndWaitToLoad(Page page){  
        click();  
        page.waitToLoad();  
    }  
      
    public void clickAndWaitToLoad(Page page, long timeout) {  
        click();  
        page.waitToLoad(timeout);  
    }  
      
    public void clickAndWaitToLoad(Element element, long timeout) {  
        click();  
        element.waitToLoad(timeout);  
    }  
      
    public void clickAndWaitToLoad(Element element) {  
        clickAndWaitToLoad(element, ELEMENT_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);  
    }  
      
}

自动化测试脚本代码

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import junit.framework.Assert;  
  
import org.junit.After;  
import org.junit.Before;  
import org.junit.Test;  
  
import com.thoughtworks.selenium.DefaultSelenium;  
import com.thoughtworks.selenium.Selenium;  
  
public class GoogleSearchTestExample1 {  
      
    private String serverUrl = "localhost";  
    private int serverPort = 4444;  
    private String browserCommand = "googlechrome";  
    private String url = "http://www.google.com.hk";  
      
    private GooglePage page;  
    private GoogleResultPage resultPage;  
    private Selenium selenium;  
    private Oat oat;  
  
    @Before  
    public void setUp() throws Exception {  
        // 初始化selenium  
        selenium = new DefaultSelenium(serverUrl,serverPort,browserCommand, url);  
        // Oat类是框架总的控制器,设置Selenium为背后的驱动  
        oat = Oat.getInstance(selenium);  
        oat.start();  
        oat.open("/webhp");  
        // 初始化被测试页面  
        page = (GooglePage) oat.getPage(GooglePage.class);  
        resultPage = (GoogleResultPage) oat.getPage(GoogleResultPage.class);  
  
    }  
      
    @Test  
    public void testSearch() throws InterruptedException {  
        // 在google页面收入"oat"进行搜索  
                page.doSearch("oat");         
        page.waitToLoad(2000);  
        // 在结构页面进行验证  
        boolean result = resultPage.isTextPresent("oat");  
        Assert.assertTrue("Text oat is present", result);  
    }  
  
    @After  
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {  
        oat.stop();  
        oat = null;  
        page = null;  
        selenium = null;  
    }  
  
}

Oat.getInstance(Object engine):用于获取真正的Driver：

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//可以根据传入的不同engine,实例化不同的Vendor  
public static Oat getInstance(Object engine) {  
        if(instance == null) {  
            synchronized(Oat.class) {  
                if(instance == null) {  
                      
                    String vendorTypeStr = getVendorTypeStr();  
                      
                    try {  
                        Class<?> vendorType = Class.forName(vendorTypeStr);  
                        Vendor vendor = getVendor(vendorType, engine);                
                        instance = new Oat();  
                        instance.vendor = vendor;  
                          
                    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {  
                        throw new RuntimeException("Not Found vendor " + vendorTypeStr, e);  
                    }   
                }  
            }  
        }  
          
        return instance;  
    }

Oat.getPage()方法详解

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public Page getPage(Class<? extends Page> pageType) {  
        Page page = null;  
          
        page = initialize(pageType);  
        page.setVendor(vendor);  
          
    }  
  
private Page initialize(Class<? extends Page> pageType) {  
                //读取page类中的annotation  
        OatPage anno = pageType.getAnnotation(OatPage.class);  
          
        if(anno == null) {  
            throw new RuntimeException("Please add com.perficient.oat.component.annotaion.OatPage annotation in Page class!");  
        }  
          
        Page page = null;  
        try {  
            page = pageType.newInstance();  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            throw new RuntimeException("Page Class must have a non-parameter constructor.", e);  
        }   
          
        Class<?> tempType = pageType;  
          
        while(tempType != null) {  
            Field[] fields = tempType.getDeclaredFields();  
              
            for(Field field : fields ) {  
                  
                com.perficient.oat.component.annotaion.Element annotation =   
                    field.getAnnotation(com.perficient.oat.component.annotaion.Element.class);  
                  
                if(annotation == null) {  
                    continue;  
                }  
                  
                Class<?> fieldClazz = field.getType();  
                // 只处理Element的子类  
                Class<? extends Element> elementClazz = fieldClazz.asSubclass(Element.class);  
                  
                String locator = annotation.value();  
                  
                field.setAccessible(true);  
                                //使用反射初始化Page类的各个Element子类,并赋予Locator值  
                  
                try {  
                    field.set(page, getElement(elementClazz, locator));  
                } catch (Exception e) {  
                    throw new RuntimeException("set Element " + field.getName() + " error", e);  
                }  
            }  
              
            tempType = tempType.getSuperclass();  
        }  
          
        return page;  
          
    }  
//用于初始化Page类中的各个Element子类  
private Element getElement(Class<? extends Element> elementType, String locator) {  
        Element element = null;  
        try {  
            element = elementType.newInstance();  
            element.setLocator(locator);  
            element.setVendor(vendor);  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            throw new RuntimeException(e);  
        }   
        return element;  
    }

以上就是一个完整的基于Selenium driver的框架实现.以下是我们的Vendor接口：

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public interface Vendor {  
      
    public void start();  
    public void stop();  
    public void open(String url);  
    public void openWindow(String url, String windowId);  
    public void type(String locator, String value);  
    public void check(String locator);  
    public void uncheck(String locator);  
    public boolean isChecked(String locator);  
    public boolean isEditable(String locator);  
    public void select(String selectLocator, String optionLocator);  
    public String getSelectedLabel(String locator);  
    public String[] getSelectedLabels(String locator);  
    public boolean isSelected(String label);  
    public void submit(String formLocator);  
    public void click(String locator);  
    public boolean isTextPresent(String pattern);  
    public boolean isElementPresent(String locator);  
    public void waitForPageToLoad(String timeout);  
    public void windowFocus(String windowId);  
    public String getAttribute(String attributeLocator);  
    public String getTableCellValue(String locator, int row, int col);  
    public void waitForElementToLoad(String locator, String timeout);  
    public String getLocation();  
}

以下是seleniumVendor的实现:

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public class SeleniumVendor extends VendorTemplate<Selenium> {  
  
    @Override  
    protected Selenium createEngine(VendorAttribute attribute) {  
        return new DefaultSelenium(  
                attribute.getHost(),   
                attribute.getPort(),  
                attribute.getBrowser(),  
                attribute.getUrl());  
    }  
      
    @Override  
    public boolean isTextPresent(String pattern) {  
        return engine.isTextPresent(pattern);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void open(String url) {  
        engine.open(url);  
          
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void select(String selectLocator, String optionLocator) {  
        engine.select(selectLocator, optionLocator);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void start() {  
        engine.start();  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void stop() {  
        engine.stop();  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void submit(String formLocator) {  
        engine.submit(formLocator);  
          
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void type(String locator, String value) {  
        engine.type(locator, value);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void click(String locator) {  
        engine.click(locator);  
          
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void waitForPageToLoad(String timeout) {  
        engine.waitForPageToLoad(timeout);  
          
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void windowFocus(String windowId) {  
        engine.selectWindow(windowId);  
        engine.windowFocus();  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void openWindow(String url, String windowId) {  
        engine.openWindow(url, windowId);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void check(String locator) {  
        engine.check(locator);  
          
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public String getAttribute(String attributeLocator) {  
        return engine.getAttribute(attributeLocator);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public boolean isElementPresent(String locator) {  
        return engine.isElementPresent(locator);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void uncheck(String locator) {  
        engine.uncheck(locator);  
          
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public boolean isChecked(String locator) {  
        return engine.isChecked(locator);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public String getSelectedLabel(String locator) {  
        return engine.getSelectedLabel(locator);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public String[] getSelectedLabels(String locator) {  
        return engine.getSelectedLabels(locator);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public boolean isSelected(String label) {  
        return engine.isSomethingSelected(label);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public boolean isEditable(String locator) {  
        return engine.isEditable(locator);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public String getTableCellValue(String locator, int row, int col) {  
        return engine.getTable(locator + "." + String.valueOf(row)+ "." +String.valueOf(col));  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void waitForElementToLoad(String locator, String timeout) {  
        String script = "selenium.isElementPresent(\"" + locator + "\")";  
        engine.waitForCondition(script, timeout);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public String getLocation() {  
        return engine.getLocation();  
    }  
  
  
}

如果我们需要改成其他Dirver,新建立一个Vendor的实现类即可

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