Unity教学 项目3 3D坦克大战

视频教程：

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV11D5QzgEpw?spm_id_from=333.788.videopod.sections&vd_source=25b783f5f945c4507229e9dec657b5bb

1. 场景搭建

1. 创建工程文件
2. 素材导入
3. 将游戏场景预制体实例化
4. 设置场景光颜色为（29, 26, 00）

5. 设置天空颜色为（128, 110, 36）

6. 设置 camera 位置为（-31, 25, -20）
7. 设置 camera 旋转角度为（37, 53, 6）
8. 设置 camera 为正交视野，Size 为 8

正交投影：常用于 2D 游戏开发、UI 设计、建筑图纸绘制等，这些场景更关注物体实际尺寸和相对位置，不需要模拟真实 3D 空间深度感。比如 2D 横版过关游戏，正交投影能保证角色和场景元素大小一致，便于玩家把握距离和位置 。

透视投影：广泛用于 3D 游戏、虚拟现实（VR）和增强现实（AR）等场景，能营造逼真空间感和深度感，让玩家有身临其境的体验。如第一人称射击游戏，通过透视投影呈现真实远近效果，增强沉浸感。

2. 移动旋转

1. 创建坦克实例

2. 将烟拖动到坦克上，设置位置为（0.6, 0, -0.94）和（-0.5, 0, -0.94）

3. 坦克添加刚体组件

4. 坦克添加碰撞盒子，设置位置为（0, 0.95, 0），大小为（1.51, 1.71, 1.62）

   1. 注意：碰撞盒子不能紧挨地面，容易检测坦克与地面发生碰撞导致坦克无法移动。

5. 将坦克做成预制体

6. 创建脚本文件 Tank.cs

7. 添加脚本，实现坦克的前后移动功能

8. 约束刚体部分轴，位置冻结 Y 轴，旋转冻结 X 和 Z 轴

9. 添加脚本，实现坦克旋转功能

2.1. Tank.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Tank : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float moveSpeed;
    public float angularSpeed;
    private Rigidbody rb;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {

    }

    private void FixedUpdate()
    {
        Move();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 移动
    /// </summary>
    void Move()
    {
        float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        rb.velocity = transform.forward * v * moveSpeed;
        rb.angularVelocity = transform.up * h * angularSpeed;
    } 
}

3. 两个玩家控制

进入输入设置

1. 复制 Horizontal 轴
2. 修改 Horizontal 控制按键
3. 复制 Vertical 轴
4. 修改 Vertical 控制按键

5. 修改代码，实现通过编号区分不同的控制

3.1. Tank.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Tank : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float moveSpeed;
    public float angularSpeed;
    public int playerNum;
    private Rigidbody rb;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {

    }

    private void FixedUpdate()
    {
        Move();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 移动
    /// </summary>
    void Move()
    {
        float v = Input.GetAxis("VerticalP" + playerNum);
        float h = Input.GetAxis("HorizontalP" + playerNum);
        rb.velocity = transform.forward * v * moveSpeed;
        rb.angularVelocity = transform.up * h * angularSpeed;
    } 
}

4. 发射炮弹

子弹、爆炸预设体，发射位置，脚本

子弹预设体

爆炸预设体

4.1. PreShell.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class PreShell : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float speed = 2f;
    public GameObject preShellExplosionGo;
    private Rigidbody rb;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
        rb.velocity = transform.forward * speed;
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {

    }

    private void OnCollisionEnter(Collision collision)
    {
        GameObject shellExplosionGo = Instantiate(preShellExplosionGo, transform.position, transform.rotation);
        Destroy(gameObject);
        Destroy(shellExplosionGo.gameObject, 1.5f);
    }
}

4.2. Tank.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Tank : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float moveSpeed;
    public float angularSpeed;
    public int playerNum;
    public KeyCode attackKey;
    public Transform shootPointTr;
    public GameObject preShellGo;
    private Rigidbody rb;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
        attackKey = KeyCode.Space;
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(attackKey))
        {
            Shoot();
        }
    }

    private void FixedUpdate()
    {
        Move();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 移动
    /// </summary>
    void Move()
    {
        float v = Input.GetAxis("VerticalP" + playerNum);
        float h = Input.GetAxis("HorizontalP" + playerNum);
        rb.velocity = transform.forward * v * moveSpeed;
        rb.angularVelocity = transform.up * h * angularSpeed;
    } 

    /// <summary>
    /// 攻击
    /// </summary>
    void Shoot()
    {
        GameObject shellGo = Instantiate(preShellGo, shootPointTr.position, shootPointTr.rotation);
        //shellGo.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = shellGo.transform.forward * 5;
    }
}

5. 产生伤害

5.1. PreShell.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class PreShell : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float speed = 2f;
    public GameObject preShellExplosionGo;
    private Rigidbody rb;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
        rb.velocity = transform.forward * speed;
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {

    }

    private void OnCollisionEnter(Collision collision)
    {
        GameObject shellExplosionGo = Instantiate(preShellExplosionGo, transform.position, transform.rotation);
        Destroy(gameObject);
        Destroy(shellExplosionGo.gameObject, 1.5f);

        //造成伤害
        Tank tank = collision.gameObject.GetComponent<Tank>();
        if (tank == null) return;
        tank.currentBlood -= 10;
        //死亡
        if(tank.currentBlood < 0)
        {
            tank.currentBlood = 0;
            Destroy(collision.gameObject);
        }
    }
}

5.2. Tank.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Tank : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float moveSpeed;
    public float angularSpeed;
    public int playerNum;
    public int currentBlood;
    public int maxBlood = 100;
    public KeyCode attackKey;
    public Transform shootPointTr;
    public GameObject preShellGo;
    private Rigidbody rb;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
        attackKey = KeyCode.Space;
        currentBlood = maxBlood;
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        if (playerNum == 1 && Input.GetKeyDown(attackKey))
        {
            Shoot();
        }
        else if (playerNum == 2 && Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Keypad9))
        {
            Shoot();
        }
    }

    private void FixedUpdate()
    {
        Move();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 移动
    /// </summary>
    void Move()
    {
        float v = Input.GetAxis("VerticalP" + playerNum);
        float h = Input.GetAxis("HorizontalP" + playerNum);
        rb.velocity = transform.forward * v * moveSpeed;
        rb.angularVelocity = transform.up * h * angularSpeed;
    } 

    /// <summary>
    /// 攻击
    /// </summary>
    void Shoot()
    {
        GameObject shellGo = Instantiate(preShellGo, shootPointTr.position, shootPointTr.rotation);
        //shellGo.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = shellGo.transform.forward * 5;
    }
}

6. 摄像机跟随坦克

6.1. MainCamera.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class MainCamera : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Transform tank1; // 第一辆坦克的Transform
    public Transform tank2; // 第二辆坦克的Transform
    private Vector3 offset; // 摄像机相对于两辆坦克中心的偏移量
    private Camera mainCamera; // 主摄像机组件
    private float distance; // 两辆坦克之间的距离
    private float cameraSize; // 正交摄像机的尺寸

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        // 检查是否正确赋值了两个坦克的Transform
        if (tank1 == null || tank2 == null) return;

        // 计算摄像机的初始偏移量
        Vector3 tanksCenter = (tank1.position + tank2.position) / 2;
        offset = transform.position - tanksCenter;

        // 获取主摄像机组件
        mainCamera = GetComponent<Camera>();
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        // 如果任意一个坦克不存在，则直接返回
        if (tank1 == null || tank2 == null) return;

        // 更新摄像机的位置
        Vector3 tanksCenter = (tank1.position + tank2.position) / 2;
        transform.position = tanksCenter + offset;

        // 计算两辆坦克之间的距离
        distance = Vector3.Distance(tank1.position, tank2.position);

        // 根据距离调整摄像机的正交尺寸
        cameraSize = distance * 0.875f;
        mainCamera.orthographicSize = cameraSize;
    }
}

7. 添加血条

7.1. 设置血条物体

新增血条物体

设置 Canvas

设置 Slider

设置 Background

设置 Fill

7.2. 编写代码

7.2.1. PreShell.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class PreShell : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float speed = 5f;//速度
    public int damage = 10;//伤害值
    public GameObject preShellExplosionGo;//爆炸预设体对象
    private Rigidbody rb;//刚体

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
        rb.velocity = transform.forward * speed;
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 碰撞则产生爆炸并自我销毁
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="collision"></param>
    private void OnCollisionEnter(Collision collision)
    {
        GameObject shellExplosionGo = Instantiate(preShellExplosionGo, transform.position, transform.rotation);//生成爆炸效果
        Destroy(gameObject);//销毁炮弹
        Destroy(shellExplosionGo, 1.5f);//销毁爆炸效果

        Tank tank = collision.gameObject.GetComponent<Tank>();
        if (tank != null) {
            tank.currentBlood -= damage;//造成了伤害
            tank.hpSlider.value = (float)tank.currentBlood / tank.maxBlood;//更新血量滑动条
            if (tank.currentBlood <= 0) Destroy(collision.gameObject);//销毁坦克
        }
    }
}

7.2.2. Tank.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class Tank : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float moveSpeed = 5f;//移动速度
    public float angularSpeed = 2f;//旋转角度
    public int playerNum = 1;//玩家编号
    public int currentBlood;//当前血量
    public int maxBlood = 100;//最大血量
    public GameObject preShellGo;//炮弹预设游戏对象
    public Slider hpSlider;//血量滑动条
    private Transform shootPoint;//发射位置
    private Rigidbody rb;//刚体

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        currentBlood = maxBlood;
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
        shootPoint = transform.Find("ShootPoint");
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        //如果按下空格键则发射炮弹
        if (playerNum == 1 && Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space))
        {
            Shoot();
        }
        else if (playerNum == 2 && Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.P))
        {
            Shoot();
        }
    }

    private void FixedUpdate()
    {
        Move();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 移动
    /// </summary>
    private void Move()
    {
        float v = Input.GetAxis("VerticalP" + playerNum);
        float h = Input.GetAxis("HorizontalP" + playerNum);
        rb.velocity = transform.forward * v * moveSpeed;//前后移动
        rb.angularVelocity = transform.up * h * angularSpeed;//左右旋转
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 发射炮弹
    /// </summary>
    private void Shoot()
    {
        Instantiate(preShellGo, shootPoint.position, shootPoint.rotation);
    }
}

7.2.3. MainCamera.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class MainCamera : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Transform tank1; // 第一辆坦克的Transform
    public Transform tank2; // 第二辆坦克的Transform
    private Vector3 offset; // 摄像机相对于两辆坦克中心的偏移量
    private Camera mainCamera; // 主摄像机组件
    private float distance; // 两辆坦克之间的距离
    private float cameraSize; // 正交摄像机的尺寸

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        // 检查是否正确赋值了两个坦克的Transform
        if (tank1 == null || tank2 == null) return;

        // 计算摄像机的初始偏移量
        Vector3 tanksCenter = (tank1.position + tank2.position) / 2;
        offset = transform.position - tanksCenter;

        // 获取主摄像机组件
        mainCamera = GetComponent<Camera>();
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        // 如果任意一个坦克不存在，则直接返回
        if (tank1 == null || tank2 == null) return;

        // 更新摄像机的位置
        Vector3 tanksCenter = (tank1.position + tank2.position) / 2;
        transform.position = tanksCenter + offset;

        // 计算两辆坦克之间的距离
        distance = Vector3.Distance(tank1.position, tank2.position);

        // 根据距离调整摄像机的正交尺寸
        cameraSize = distance * 0.875f;
        mainCamera.orthographicSize = cameraSize;
    }
}

7.3. 少量细节

8. 音效

8.1. 坦克静止、行驶音效

调正摄像机位置靠近坦克，使摄像机录制到坦克音效

8.2. 坦克销毁音效

8.3. 炮弹发射音效

8.4. 炮弹爆炸音效

8.5. 背景音乐