【stm32简单外设篇】- 高灵敏麦克风传感器模块 KY-037

一、适用场景

适用场景：环境声检测（噪声报警、声音触发）、语音唤醒前端（检测能量阈值唤醒 MCU/采样）、敲击/拍手检测、简单声级指示、课堂声音信号采集与 ADC/滤波练习、触发式录音/拍照等。

二、器材清单

KY-037 麦克风传感器模块×1

stm32f103（或其它 STM32）开发板 ×1

若干杜邦线（母对母/公对母）×1组

5V稳定电源×1

三、工作原理（要点）

KY-037 通常包含电容/驻极体麦克风 + 前置放大电路 + LM393（或类似）比较器。

四、接线示意

VCC → 5V

GND → GND

标准库-数字信号

PA0→DO

标准库-模拟信号

PC1→AO

HAL库-数字信号

PA0-DO

五、示例代码

标准库-数字信号

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "bsp_SysTick.h"
#include "bsp_usart.h"


void gpio_init()
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef PA;
	
	//使能时钟
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);

	
	PA.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0;
	PA.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	PA.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&PA);
}


int main()
{
	USART_Config();
	SysTick_Init();
	gpio_init();
	while(1)
	{
		if(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOA,GPIO_Pin_0) == SET)
		{
			Usart_SendString(USART1,"nothing\n");
		}else
		{
			Usart_SendString(USART1,"noise\n");
		}
		Delay_us(1000000);
	}
//	return 0;
}

标准库-模拟信号

#include "breathing.h"
#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "bsp_usart.h"

char showlight[20];
extern volatile uint16_t adc_light;
uint16_t num_final=10;

uint16_t adc_indexlight[] = {
1024,901,792,697,613,
539,474,417,367,323,
284,250,219,193,170,
149,131,116,102,89,
79,69,61,53,47,
41,36,32,28,25,
22,19,17,15,13,
11,10,9,8,7,
6,5,5,4,4,
3,3,2,2,2,
2,1,1,1,1,
0,0,0,0
};

void GPIO_twoInit()
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef PD;
	
	//使能时钟
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOD,ENABLE);
	
	PD.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9 | GPIO_Pin_10;
	PD.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOD,&PD);
	
}

void TIM_GPIO_Init()
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef PB;
	
	//使能时钟
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB|RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_PinRemapConfig(GPIO_PartialRemap_TIM3, ENABLE);
	
	PB.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_5;
	PB.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	PB.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&PB);
}

void TIM_PWM_Init()
{
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM;
	TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OC;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef nvic;
	
	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3,ENABLE);
	
	TIM.TIM_Prescaler = (1024-1);  										//配置预装载值
	TIM.TIM_Period = (200-1);													//配置预分频值
	TIM.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;  						//设置时钟分频系数为不分频
	TIM.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;					//设置向上计数
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3,&TIM);
	
	TIM_OC.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;							//选择工作模式为PWM
	TIM_OC.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;  //使能PWM的输出
	TIM_OC.TIM_Pulse = 0;															//配置脉冲宽度为0
	TIM_OC.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_Low;     	//小于脉冲宽度时为低电平
	TIM_OC2Init(TIM3,&TIM_OC);
	
	TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(TIM3,TIM_OCPreload_Enable);	//使能定时器通道2预装载
	
	TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(TIM3,ENABLE);								//使能重装载寄存器
	
	TIM_Cmd(TIM3,ENABLE);															//使能定时器3
	
  TIM_ITConfig(TIM3,TIM_IT_Update,ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_3);
  nvic.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM3_IRQn;
	nvic.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 4;
	nvic.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
	nvic.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_Init(&nvic);
	
} 



void TIM3_Init()
{
	TIM_GPIO_Init();
	TIM_PWM_Init();
}	


void TIM3_IRQHandler(void)
{
	uint16_t value;
	static uint16_t num_cnt = 0;
	
	value = (adc_light)/74;
	
	
	if(TIM_GetITStatus(TIM3,TIM_IT_Update) == SET)
	{
		num_cnt++;
		if(num_cnt > num_final)
		{
			
			TIM_SetCompare2(TIM3,adc_indexlight[value]);
			sprintf(showlight,"light:%d,value:%d\n",adc_light,value);
			Usart_SendString(USART1,showlight);
			num_cnt=0;
		}
	}
	TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM3,TIM_IT_Update);
}
#include "adc_time.h"
#include "stm32f10x.h"

volatile uint16_t adc_light;

void adcgpio_init()
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef PC;
	
	//使能时钟
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOC,ENABLE);

	
	PC.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_5;
	PC.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AIN;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOC,&PC);
}

void adcmode_init()
{
	ADC_InitTypeDef adc;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef nvic;
	
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_ADC2,ENABLE);
	
  adc.ADC_Mode=ADC_Mode_Independent;
	adc.ADC_ScanConvMode = DISABLE;
	adc.ADC_ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE;
	adc.ADC_ExternalTrigConv = ADC_ExternalTrigConv_None;
	adc.ADC_DataAlign = ADC_DataAlign_Right;
	adc.ADC_NbrOfChannel = 1;
	
	ADC_Init(ADC2,&adc);
	
	RCC_ADCCLKConfig(RCC_PCLK2_Div8);
	ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC2,ADC_Channel_11,1,ADC_SampleTime_55Cycles5);
	ADC_ITConfig(ADC2,ADC_IT_EOC,ENABLE);

	ADC_Cmd(ADC2,ENABLE);
	
	ADC_ResetCalibration(ADC2);
	while(ADC_GetResetCalibrationStatus(ADC2));
	
	ADC_StartCalibration(ADC2);
	while(ADC_GetCalibrationStatus(ADC2));
	
	ADC_SoftwareStartConvCmd(ADC2,ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_3);
  nvic.NVIC_IRQChannel = ADC1_2_IRQn;
	nvic.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 3;
	nvic.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
	nvic.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_Init(&nvic);

	
}

void adctime_Init()
{
	adcgpio_init();
	adcmode_init();
}

void ADC1_2_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if(ADC_GetITStatus(ADC2,ADC_IT_EOC) == SET)
	{
		adc_light = ADC_GetConversionValue(ADC2);
	}
	ADC_ClearITPendingBit(ADC2,ADC_IT_EOC);
}
#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "bsp_SysTick.h"
#include "adc_time.h"
#include "breathing.h"
#include "bsp_usart.h"

//char showlight[20];
//extern volatile uint16_t adc_light;

int main()
{
	SysTick_Init();
	TIM3_Init();
	USART_Config();
	adctime_Init();
	while(1)
	{
//		sprintf(showlight,"light:%d\n",adc_light);
//		Usart_SendString(USART1,showlight);
//		Delay_us(1000000);
	}
//	return 0;
}

HAL库-数字信号

#include "main.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
		if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0) == 1)
			HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,"无声音\r\n", strlen("无声音\r\n"), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
		else
			HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,"有声音\r\n", strlen("有声音\r\n"), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
		HAL_Delay(1000);
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

六、讲解视频

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1AwmcBZEGN/?spm_id_from=333.1387.upload.video_card.click\&vd_source=f7dfe1b14f260b9cc3a146d2dbfd0719

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1nNmcBREhL/?spm_id_from=333.1387.upload.video_card.click&vd_source=f7dfe1b14f260b9cc3a146d2dbfd0719

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1nNmcBREQ8/?spm_id_from=333.1387.upload.video_card.click\&vd_source=f7dfe1b14f260b9cc3a146d2dbfd0719