工作中遇到很多场景需要从应用系统的数据库查询各种数据，方法有很多如：免费的POWER QUERY，收费的帆软等报表软件。
如果你没有报表平台也没有开发基础，可以使用EXCEL的VBA+ADO链接数据库，编写SQL就能实现动态的参数查询，简单实用。
目录
实现效果：
用户输入查询参数，点击查询按钮。即可从数据库获取数据并展示到excel中；
实现流程：
- 表单设计
- SQL编写
- VBA编程
实现步骤
设计一个按钮用于点击查询：
双击进入代码：
bash
Private Sub CommandButton2_Click()
End Sub基础代码：
获取用户在文本框中输入的内容
bash
' 获取用户在文本框中输入的内容'
inputValue = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").TextBox1.Value
'假设文本框在Sheet1工作表，名称为TextBox1，需根据实际情况修改'获取sheet中某个单元格的值
bash
'获取单元格的值（F1)'
pramrs = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Range("F1").Value获取工作表的最后一行和最后一列
bash
' 获取工作表的最后一行和最后一列'
Dim lastRow As Long
Dim lastCol As Long
lastRow = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row ' 获取工作表的最后一行'
lastCol = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Columns.Count).End(xlToLeft).Column ' 获取工作表的最后一列'清除整个工作表中的现有数据
bash
' 清除工作表中的现有数据'
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells.ClearContents清除工作表中指定区域的现有数据
bash
' 清除工作表中指定区域的现有数据'
' 清除range() 区域cell（2，1）--最大行列 的内容'
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Range(
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 1),
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(lastRow, lastCol)
).ClearContents数据库连接
bash
Dim conn As ADODB.Connection
Dim rs As ADODB.Recordset
Dim sql As String
Dim serverName As String
Dim databaseName As String
Dim userName As String
Dim password As String
Dim connectionString As String
Dim prarms As String
'设置数据库连接信息'
serverName = "localhost:30015"
databaseName = "MyDB"
userName = "user"
password = "password"
' ---------------------------------------------------'
' 构建连接字符串'
'SqlServer'
connectionString = "Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=" & serverName & ";Initial Catalog=" & databaseName & ";User ID=" & userName & ";Password=" & password
'Mysql'
connectionString = "DRIVER={MySQL ODBC 9.2 ANSI Driver};SERVER=" & serverName & ";DATABASE=" & databaseName & ";UID=" & userName & ";PWD=" & password & ";OPTION=3;"
'SAP hana'
connectionString = "DRIVER={HDBODBC};ServerNode=" & serverName & ";DATABASE=" & databaseName & ";UID=" & userName & ";PWD=" & password
' ---------------------------------------------------'
' 创建并打开连接'
Set conn = New ADODB.Connection
conn.Open connectionString
' ---------------------------------------------------'
' 构建SQL查询语句，根据用户输入进行查询 '
sql = "select * from vbak"
' 创建记录集 '
Set rs = New ADODB.Recordset
rs.Open sql, conn
' 单元格填充数据'
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(3, 1).CopyFromRecordset rs
' ---------------------------------------------------'
' 关闭记录集和连接
rs.Close
conn.Close
' 释放对象
Set rs = Nothing
Set conn = Nothing将查询结果填充到Excel工作表
bash
' 将查询结果输出到Excel工作表'
If Not rs.EOF Then
' 定义列名'
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 1).Value = "ID"
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 2).Value = "名称"
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 3).Value = "国家编码"
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 4).Value = "国家编码A"
' ...'
' 单元格填充数据'
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(3, 1).CopyFromRecordset rs
End IfVBA完整代码：
bash
Private Sub CommandButton1_Click()
Dim conn As ADODB.Connection
Dim rs As ADODB.Recordset
Dim sql As String
Dim inputValue As String
Dim serverName As String
Dim databaseName As String
Dim userName As String
Dim password As String
Dim connectionString As String
Dim prarms As String
'设置数据库连接信息'
serverName = "localhost:30015"
databaseName = "MyDB"
userName = "user"
password = "password"
' 构建连接字符串
'SqlServer
'connectionString = "Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=" & serverName & ";Initial Catalog=" & databaseName & ";User ID=" & userName & ";Password=" & password
'Mysql
'connectionString = "DRIVER={MySQL ODBC 9.2 ANSI Driver};SERVER=" & serverName & ";DATABASE=" & databaseName & ";UID=" & userName & ";PWD=" & password & ";OPTION=3;"
'SAP hana
connectionString = "DRIVER={HDBODBC};ServerNode=" & serverName & ";DATABASE=" & databaseName & ";UID=" & userName & ";PWD=" & password
' 创建并打开连接
Set conn = New ADODB.Connection
conn.Open connectionString
'---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
' 构建SQL查询语句，根据用户输入进行查询
'sql = "SELECT * FROM city WHERE countycode = '" & inputValue & "'" '假设根据某一列进行模糊查询，需根据实际情况修改表名和列名
'sql = "SELECT id as 'id' ,name as '名称' ,countrycode as '国家编码' FROM city "
'WHERE countycode = 'ARG' '假设根据某一列进行模糊查询，需根据实际情况修改表名和列名"
'sql = "select * from vbak"
If Len(ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Range("F1").Value) = 0 Then
prarms = ""
Else
prarms = " and VBELN like '%" & ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Range("F1").Value & "%'"
End If
'Debug.Print "prarms 的值是: " & prarms
'获取单元格的值'
pramrs = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Range("F1").Value
sql = "select * from vbak where 1=1 " & prarms
'---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
' 创建记录集
Set rs = New ADODB.Recordset
rs.Open sql, conn
' 清除工作表中的现有数据
'ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells.ClearContents
' 获取工作表的最后一行和最后一列,并清除
Dim lastRow As Long
Dim lastCol As Long
lastRow = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row
lastCol = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Columns.Count).End(xlToLeft).Column
' 清除range() 区域cell（2，1）--最大行列 的内容
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Range(ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 1), ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(lastRow, lastCol)).ClearContents
' 将查询结果输出到Excel工作表
If Not rs.EOF Then
' 定义列名
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 1).Value = "ID"
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 2).Value = "名称"
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 3).Value = "国家编码"
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 4).Value = "国家编码A"
' 单元格填充数据
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(3, 1).CopyFromRecordset rs
End If
' 关闭记录集和连接
rs.Close
conn.Close
' 释放对象
Set rs = Nothing
Set conn = Nothing
End Sub