【数模美赛=美术大赛？】O奖论文图片复刻——高级绘图matlab代码集锦，让你摆脱画图“一眼MATLAB”的痛苦！

目录

折线图------

2D累计折线图

3D带透明度切片

[2D 多线对应同图例，限定边界](#2D 多线对应同图例，限定边界)

[2D 双坐标，带光晕效果，覆盖渐变颜色填充区域，带图例](#2D 双坐标，带光晕效果，覆盖渐变颜色填充区域，带图例)

柱状图------

[3D 不同颜色 柱状图](#3D 不同颜色 柱状图)

[2D 双坐标 柱状图折线图杂交](#2D 双坐标 柱状图折线图杂交)

其他统计分布图------

云雨图和箱型图的杂交图？

半小提琴图

---

折线图------

2D累计折线图

自制

代码：

clear; clc; close all;

%% 自定义区
years = 1900:4:2024;
data_bronze = [2,3,5,6,8,10,7,9,6,3,0,0,2,5,8,7,5,3,4,6,8,5,3,4,7,9,10,12,11,9,8,10];
data_silver = [0,0,1,2,3,2,4,3,2,1,0,0,1,2,3,4,2,3,1,3,5,6,4,3,5,7,6,8,7,6,5,7];
data_gold = [0,0,0,1,2,3,2,4,3,2,0,0,0,1,2,3,1,2,3,4,5,4,3,5,6,8,7,10,9,8,7,9];

color_bronze = [0.95 0.75 0.5];
color_silver = [0.95 0.95 0.95];
color_gold = [.95 0.85 0.5];
line_color = [0.2 0.2 0.2];
scatter_color = [0.98 0.98 0.98];

xlabel_txt = 'Time (years)';
ylabel_txt = 'Medals';
fontSize = 11;
labelFontSize = 13;

interp_points = 200;
years_interp = linspace(1900, 2024, interp_points);

data_bronze_interp = interp1(years, data_bronze, years_interp, 'pchip');
data_silver_interp = interp1(years, data_silver, years_interp, 'pchip');
data_gold_interp = interp1(years, data_gold, years_interp, 'pchip');
total_medals = data_bronze + data_silver + data_gold;
total_interp = interp1(years, total_medals, years_interp, 'pchip');

% 计算银牌累计和金牌累计数据
silver_cum = data_bronze + data_silver;
silver_cum_interp = interp1(years, silver_cum, years_interp, 'pchip');

%% 统一模板执行区
figure('Position',[150,150,1000,600],'Color','white');
ax = gca;
hold(ax, 'on');

% 创建渐变颜色
n_points = length(years_interp);
gradient_bronze = zeros(n_points, 3);
gradient_silver = zeros(n_points, 3);
gradient_gold = zeros(n_points, 3);

for i = 1:n_points
    pos_ratio = i/n_points;
    
    % 铜牌渐变（更快的渐变频率）
    intensity_bronze = 0.7 + 0.13 * sin(pos_ratio * 7*pi);
    gradient_bronze(i,:) = color_bronze * intensity_bronze;
    
    % 银牌渐变
    intensity_silver = 0.75 + 0.25 * cos(pos_ratio * 5*pi);
    gradient_silver(i,:) = color_silver * intensity_silver;
    gradient_silver(i,:) = min(gradient_silver(i,:), 1);
    
    % 金牌渐变
    intensity_gold = 1 + 0.05 * sin(pos_ratio * 19*pi);
    gradient_gold(i,:) = color_gold * intensity_gold;
end


% 绘制堆叠区域（使用渐变填充）
stack_bottom = zeros(1, n_points);
y_stack = [data_bronze_interp; data_silver_interp; data_gold_interp];
layer_names = {'Bronze','Silver','Gold'};
layer_colors = {color_bronze, color_silver, color_gold};

for layer = 1:3
    y_top = stack_bottom + y_stack(layer, :);
    x_fill = [years_interp, fliplr(years_interp)];
    y_fill = [y_top, fliplr(stack_bottom)];
    
    if layer == 1
        c_data = [gradient_bronze; flipud(gradient_bronze)];
        patch(x_fill, y_fill, 1, 'FaceVertexCData', c_data, ...
              'FaceColor', 'interp', 'EdgeColor', 'none', ...
              'FaceAlpha', 0.9, 'DisplayName', layer_names{layer});
    elseif layer == 2
        c_data = [gradient_silver; flipud(gradient_silver)];
        patch(x_fill, y_fill, 1, 'FaceVertexCData', c_data, ...
              'FaceColor', 'interp', 'EdgeColor', 'none', ...
              'FaceAlpha', 0.9, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    else
        c_data = [gradient_gold; flipud(gradient_gold)];
        patch(x_fill, y_fill, 1, 'FaceVertexCData', c_data, ...
              'FaceColor', 'interp', 'EdgeColor', 'none', ...
              'FaceAlpha', 0.9, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
    
    stack_bottom = y_top;
end

% 绘制奖牌趋势线（不要图例）
medal_data = {data_bronze_interp, silver_cum_interp, total_interp};
line_styles = {'--', ':', '-.'};
line_widths = [2, 2, 2.5];

for i = 1:3
    current_data = medal_data{i};
    
    % 光晕效果
    for j = 4:-1:1
        line_w = line_widths(i) + (j-1)*0.8;
        alpha_val = 0.10 - (j-1)*0.02;
        
        plot(ax, years_interp, current_data, 'LineStyle', line_styles{i}, ...
             'LineWidth', line_w, 'Color', [line_color, alpha_val], ...
             'Marker', 'none', 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
    
    % 主曲线
    plot(ax, years_interp, current_data, 'LineStyle', line_styles{i}, ...
         'LineWidth', line_widths(i), 'Color', line_color, ...
         'Marker', 'none', 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end

% 绘制总奖牌数（需要图例）
for j = 5:-1:1
    line_width = 3 + (j-1)*1.5;
    alpha_value = 0.15 - (j-1)*0.03;
    
    plot(ax, years_interp, total_interp, 'LineStyle', '-', ...
         'LineWidth', line_width, 'Color', [line_color, alpha_value], ...
         'Marker', 'none', 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end

h_total = plot(ax, years_interp, total_interp, 'LineStyle', '-', ...
     'LineWidth', 3, 'Color', line_color, 'Marker', 'none', ...
     'DisplayName', 'Total Medals');

scatter(ax, years, total_medals, 50, scatter_color, 'filled', 'Marker', 'o', ...
    'MarkerEdgeColor', line_color, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');

% 坐标轴设置
ax.XTick = 1900:20:2020;
ax.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax.FontSize = fontSize;
ax.XLabel.String = xlabel_txt;
ax.XLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax.XLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax.XLabel.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax.XLim = [1900, 2024];
ax.YLabel.String = ylabel_txt;
ax.YLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax.YLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax.YLabel.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax.YLim = [0, 30];
ax.TickDir = 'in';  % 刻度向内
ax.Box = 'on';

% 创建图例句柄（只显示总奖牌和填充区域）
legend_handles = [];

% 填充区域图例
h_bronze = patch([0,0,0,0], [0,0,0,0], color_bronze, ...
                 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.9, ...
                 'DisplayName', 'Bronze');
legend_handles = [legend_handles, h_bronze];

h_silver = patch([0,0,0,0], [0,0,0,0], color_silver, ...
                 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.9, ...
                 'DisplayName', 'Silver');
legend_handles = [legend_handles, h_silver];

h_gold = patch([0,0,0,0], [0,0,0,0], color_gold, ...
               'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.9, ...
               'DisplayName', 'Gold');
legend_handles = [legend_handles, h_gold];

% 总奖牌数图例
legend_handles = [legend_handles, h_total];

legend(legend_handles, {'Bronze','Silver','Gold','Total Medals'}, ...
       'Location', 'northeast', 'FontSize', fontSize, 'FontName', 'Times New Roman');

hold(ax, 'off');

fprintf('绘图完成\n');

research gate上的图，很像

3D带透明度切片

参考

自制

代码

clear; clc; close all;

%% 自定义区
Year = [2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024];
Countries = {'JPN', 'AUS', 'GER', 'FRA', 'GBR', 'CHN', 'USA'};

Data = [
    2,  2,  2,  3,  3;
    4,  5,  5,  6,  6;
    6,  7,  7,  8,  8;
    8,  9,  9,  10, 10;
    10, 12, 13, 14, 15;
    12, 15, 18, 21, 24;
    9,  18, 21, 30, 33
];

% 颜色矩阵
Colors = [
    0.85 0.94 0.83;
    0.68 0.85 0.65;
    0.52 0.78 0.52;
    0.35 0.70 0.40;
    0.95 0.87 0.65;
    0.88 0.68 0.45;
    0.82 0.52 0.30
];

% 标签设置
xlabel_txt = 'Year';
ylabel_txt = 'Country';
zlabel_txt = 'Value';
fontSize = 11;
labelFontSize = 13;

%% 统一模板执行区
figure('Color', 'w', 'Position', [100, 100, 1000, 650]);
hold on; box on; grid on;

nCountries = size(Data, 1);
nYears = length(Year);
yPositions = 1:nCountries;

legendHandles = gobjects(nCountries, 1);

for i = 1:nCountries
    zData = Data(i, :);
    yLevel = yPositions(i);
    
    % 填充区域
    xMesh = repmat(Year, 2, 1);
    yMesh = ones(2, nYears) * yLevel;
    zMesh = [zeros(1, nYears); zData];
    
surf(xMesh, yMesh, zMesh, ...
    'FaceColor', Colors(i,:), ...
    'EdgeColor', 'none', ...
    'FaceAlpha', 0.4);  % 在这里修改透明度，0是完全透明，1是完全不透明
    
    % 折线
    if i == 1
        legendHandles(i) = plot3(Year, ones(1, nYears)*yLevel, zData, ...
            'Color', Colors(i,:)*0.7, ...
            'LineWidth', 2.5, ...
            'Marker', 'o', ...
            'MarkerSize', 5, ...
            'MarkerFaceColor', Colors(i,:), ...
            'MarkerEdgeColor', Colors(i,:)*0.5, ...
            'DisplayName', Countries{i});
    else
        plot3(Year, ones(1, nYears)*yLevel, zData, ...
            'Color', Colors(i,:)*0.7, ...
            'LineWidth', 2.5, ...
            'Marker', 'o', ...
            'MarkerSize', 5, ...
            'MarkerFaceColor', Colors(i,:), ...
            'MarkerEdgeColor', Colors(i,:)*0.5, ...
            'HandleVisibility', 'off');
        legendHandles(i) = plot3(NaN, NaN, NaN, ...
            'Color', Colors(i,:), ...
            'LineWidth', 2.5, ...
            'Marker', 'o', ...
            'MarkerSize', 5, ...
            'MarkerFaceColor', Colors(i,:), ...
            'MarkerEdgeColor', Colors(i,:)*0.5, ...
            'DisplayName', Countries{i});
    end
    
    % 数值标签
    for j = 1:nYears
        text(Year(j), yLevel - 0.2, zData(j), ...
            sprintf('%d', zData(j)), ...
            'FontName', 'Times New Roman', ...
            'FontSize', 9, ...
            'FontWeight', 'bold', ...
            'Color', Colors(i,:)*0.7, ...
            'HorizontalAlignment', 'center', ...
            'VerticalAlignment', 'top');
    end
end

% 坐标轴设置
xlabel(xlabel_txt, 'FontName', 'Times New Roman', 'FontSize', labelFontSize, 'FontWeight', 'bold');
ylabel(ylabel_txt, 'FontName', 'Times New Roman', 'FontSize', labelFontSize, 'FontWeight', 'bold');
zlabel(zlabel_txt, 'FontName', 'Times New Roman', 'FontSize', labelFontSize, 'FontWeight', 'bold');

xlim([min(Year)-0.5, max(Year)+0.5]);
ylim([0.5, nCountries + 0.5]);
zlim([0, max(max(Data)) + 10]);

set(gca, 'XTick', Year);
set(gca, 'XTickLabel', cellstr(num2str(Year')));
set(gca, 'YTick', yPositions, 'YTickLabel', Countries);
set(gca, 'FontName', 'Times New Roman', 'FontSize', fontSize, 'FontWeight', 'bold');

% 右侧总贡献标签
for i = 1:nCountries
    total = sum(Data(i, :));
    avgZ = mean(Data(i, :));
    
    text(Year(end) + 0.8, yPositions(i), avgZ, ...
        sprintf('Total: %d', total), ...
        'FontName', 'Times New Roman', ...
        'FontSize', fontSize, ...
        'FontWeight', 'bold', ...
        'Color', Colors(i,:)*0.8, ...
        'HorizontalAlignment', 'left');
end

% 视角和光照
view(45, 30);
% light('Position', [1 1 1], 'Style', 'infinite');
% lighting gouraud;
% 加了光照背面会很黑

% 图例
legend(legendHandles, 'Location', 'northeastoutside', ...
    'FontName', 'Times New Roman', ...
    'FontSize', fontSize, ...
    'FontWeight', 'bold');

hold off;

2D 多线对应同图例，限定边界

参考图 2020-A题-鱼群迁徙 #2001334

代码

%% ===================== 自定义区（可修改参数）=====================
% 数值参数
sim_num = 50;                % 模拟曲线数量
year_start = 2020;           % 起始年份
year_end = 2070;             % 结束年份
profit_unit = 1e5;           % 利润单位（10万美元）
% 颜色参数（RGB矩阵）
color_monte = [0.83,0.83,0.83]; % 模拟曲线颜色
color_3sigma = [1,0,0];      % 3σ边界颜色
color_mean = [0,0,0.8];      % 均值线颜色
% 线宽参数
lw_monte = 0.6;              % 模拟曲线线宽
lw_3sigma = 1.8;             % 3σ边界线宽
lw_mean = 2.5;               % 均值线线宽
% 文字参数
xlabel_txt = 'Year';         % x轴标签
ylabel_txt = 'Profit (×10^5 USD)'; % y轴标签
legend_monte = 'Monte Carlo Scenarios';
legend_3sigma = '3σ Boundary';
legend_mean = 'Profit Mean (μ)';

%% ===================== 统一模板执行区 =====================
% 数据准备
rng(42);
year = year_start:year_end;
n_year = length(year);
profit_sim = zeros(sim_num, n_year);

% 生成利润数据
for i = 1:sim_num
    growth_idx = year <= 2035;
    profit_growth = (1e5 + 2e4*(year(growth_idx)-2020) + 5e4*randn(1,sum(growth_idx)))/profit_unit;
    decline_idx = (year>2035)&(year<=2050);
    profit_decline = (6e5 - 8e3*(year(decline_idx)-2035) + 6e4*randn(1,sum(decline_idx)))/profit_unit;
    stable_idx = year > 2050;
    profit_stable = (6e5 + 2e4*randn(1,sum(stable_idx)))/profit_unit;
    profit_sim(i,:) = [profit_growth, profit_decline, profit_stable];
    profit_sim(i,profit_sim(i,:)<0.1) = 0.1;
end

% 计算3σ边界
profit_mean = mean(profit_sim,1);
profit_std = std(profit_sim,0,1);
upper_3sigma = profit_mean + 3*profit_std;
lower_3sigma = profit_mean - 3*profit_std;
lower_3sigma(lower_3sigma<0.1) = 0.1;

% 绘图
figure('Position',[150,150,1000,600],'Color','white'); % 窗口背景设为白色
hold on; grid on; grid minor;
ax = gca;
ax.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax.FontSize = 10;
ax.XTick = year_start:5:year_end;
ax.Color = 'white'; % 坐标轴背景设为白色

% 蒙特卡洛曲线
plot(year, profit_sim(1,:), 'LineWidth',lw_monte, 'Color',color_monte, 'DisplayName',legend_monte);
for i = 2:sim_num
    plot(year, profit_sim(i,:), 'LineWidth',lw_monte, 'Color',color_monte, 'HandleVisibility','off');
end

% 3σ边界
plot(year, upper_3sigma, '--', 'LineWidth',lw_3sigma, 'Color',color_3sigma, 'DisplayName',legend_3sigma);
plot(year, lower_3sigma, '--', 'LineWidth',lw_3sigma, 'Color',color_3sigma, 'HandleVisibility','off');

% 均值线
plot(year, profit_mean, '-', 'LineWidth',lw_mean, 'Color',color_mean, 'DisplayName',legend_mean);

% 标注美化
xlabel(xlabel_txt, 'FontSize',13, 'FontWeight','bold', 'FontName','Times New Roman');
ylabel(ylabel_txt, 'FontSize',13, 'FontWeight','bold', 'FontName','Times New Roman');
legend('Location','northeast', 'FontSize',11);
hold off;

% 结果输出
fprintf('模拟范围：%d-%d年，曲线数量：%d条\n', year_start, year_end, sim_num);
fprintf('利润下限约束：0.1×10^5 USD\n');

2D 双坐标，带光晕效果，覆盖渐变颜色填充区域，带图例

参考图：美赛-2020-D题-哈⼠奇⾜球队 #2006782

自制图：

%% 绘制双坐标折线图，有填充区域，带光晕，插值平滑
clear; clc; close all;

% 自定义参数区

%AI提示词：
%我希望插值绘制光滑的有光晕的曲线，但是只在真实的采样点处标记。
%如果你这样修改，相当于是所有的差值都标记，整个图都混乱不堪，
%如果不这样的话，绘制出来的图例就没有线型。
%而如果让图例有线型，那又必须在最后画采样标记的时候的带上线型
%这样就不是光滑的曲线了，你能明白并解决我的问题吗
%% 绘制双坐标折线图，有填充区域，带光晕，插值平滑
clear; clc; close all;

% 自定义参数区
% 数据点，epsilon为横坐标，其余为对应横坐标的纵坐标值
epsilon_raw = [0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0];
beta1_raw = [0.32, 0.25, 0.38, 0.42, 0.34, 0.43, 0.41, 0.39, 0.40, 0.31, 0.40];
beta2_raw = [0.05, 0.20, 0.35, 0.40, 0.62, 0.50, 0.75, 0.78, 0.79, 0.60, 0.80];
beta3_raw = [0.15, 0.32, 0.42, 0.38, 0.35, 0.28, 0.22, 0.15, 0.32, 0.45, 0.33];
beta4_raw = [0.10, 0.12, 0.15, 0.18, 0.22, 0.25, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.20, 0.31];
beta5_raw = [0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20, 0.19, 0.20];
error_raw = [0.05, 0.07, 0.10, 0.13, 0.17, 0.19, 0.20, 0.21, 0.18, 0.15, 0.13];

% 插值参数
interp_points = 100;  % 插值点数
epsilon = linspace(epsilon_raw(1), epsilon_raw(end), interp_points);

% 对数据进行插值（使用pchip保持形状）
beta1 = interp1(epsilon_raw, beta1_raw, epsilon, 'pchip');
beta2 = interp1(epsilon_raw, beta2_raw, epsilon, 'pchip');
beta3 = interp1(epsilon_raw, beta3_raw, epsilon, 'pchip');
beta4 = interp1(epsilon_raw, beta4_raw, epsilon, 'pchip');
beta5 = interp1(epsilon_raw, beta5_raw, epsilon, 'pchip');
error_data = interp1(epsilon_raw, error_raw, epsilon, 'pchip');

% 颜色设置
color_beta1 = [0, 0.447, 0.741];
color_beta2 = [0.466, 0.674, 0.188];
color_beta3 = [0.85, 0.325, 0.098];
color_beta4 = [0.5, 0.5, 0.5];
color_beta5 = [0.929, 0.694, 0.125];
color_error = [1, 0, 0];

% 线型设置
line_style_beta = {'-', '--', ':', '-.', '-'};% 线型只有 '-' | '--' | ':' | '-.' | 'none'
marker_style = {'o', 's', '^', 'v', 'd'};

% 字体设置
font_name = 'Times New Roman';
font_size_label = 13;
font_weight_label = 'bold';
font_size_legend = 11;

% 统一模板执行区
figure('Color', 'white');
set(gcf, 'Position', [100, 100, 800, 500]);

hold on;

% 1. 先绘制填充区域
yyaxis right;

% 对填充区域也需要插值数据
error_interp_fill = interp1(epsilon_raw, error_raw, epsilon, 'pchip');
num_points = length(epsilon);

% 创建渐变填充
for k = 1:num_points-1
    % 每个四边形顶点坐标
    x_quad = [epsilon(k), epsilon(k+1), epsilon(k+1), epsilon(k)];
    y_quad = [error_interp_fill(k), error_interp_fill(k+1), 0, 0];
    
    % 计算透明度（从左到右变浅）
    alpha_left = 2 - (k-1)/(num_points-1);
    alpha_right = 2 - k/(num_points-1);
    
    % 颜色（红色逐渐变浅）
    color_left = [1, 0.5*alpha_left, 0.5*alpha_left];
    color_right = [1, 0.5*alpha_right, 0.5*alpha_right];
    
    % 绘制每个四边形
    patch(x_quad, y_quad, 'k', ...
          'FaceColor', 'interp', ...
          'FaceVertexCData', [color_left; color_right; color_right; color_left], ...
          'EdgeColor', 'none', ...
          'FaceAlpha', 0.15, ...
          'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end

% 右坐标轴设置
ylim([0, 0.22]);
ylabel('Lowest Error', ...
       'FontName', font_name, ...
       'FontSize', font_size_label, ...
       'FontWeight', font_weight_label);
set(gca, 'YColor', [0, 0, 0]);

% 2. 绘制性能指标曲线
yyaxis left;

% 存储图例句柄
h_line = [];  % 线条的句柄（用于线型图例）
h_marker = [];  % 标记的句柄（用于标记图例）

% 绘制性能指标曲线（带透明光晕）
beta_data = {beta1, beta2, beta3, beta4, beta5};
beta_raw_data = {beta1_raw, beta2_raw, beta3_raw, beta4_raw, beta5_raw};
beta_colors = {color_beta1, color_beta2, color_beta3, color_beta4, color_beta5};
beta_names = {'\beta_1', '\beta_2', '\beta_3', '\beta_4', '\beta_5'};

for i = 1:5
    % 多层光晕（使用插值数据绘制平滑光晕）
    for j = 6:-1:1
        line_width = 2 + (j-1)*1.2;
        alpha_value = 0.10 - (j-1)*0.01;
        
        rgba_color = [beta_colors{i}, alpha_value];
        
        plot(epsilon, beta_data{i}, ...
             'LineStyle', '-', ...
             'Marker', 'none', ...
             'LineWidth', line_width, ...
             'Color', rgba_color, ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
    
    % 主曲线（插值数据绘制平滑线）
    h_line(i) = plot(epsilon, beta_data{i}, ...
         'LineStyle', line_style_beta{i}, ...
         'LineWidth', 2, ...
         'Color', beta_colors{i}, ...
         'Marker', 'none', ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'on', ...
         'DisplayName', beta_names{i});
    
    % 在原始数据点位置绘制标记（使用无线的scatter）
    h_marker(i) = plot(epsilon_raw, beta_raw_data{i}, ...
         'LineStyle', 'none', ...  % 不连接标记
         'Marker', marker_style{i}, ...
         'MarkerSize', 6, ...
         'MarkerFaceColor', beta_colors{i}, ...
         'MarkerEdgeColor', beta_colors{i}, ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');  % 不直接显示在自动图例中
end

% 左坐标轴设置
ylim([-0.1, 0.9]);
ylabel('Performance Indicators', ...
       'FontName', font_name, ...
       'FontSize', font_size_label, ...
       'FontWeight', font_weight_label);
set(gca, 'YColor', [0, 0, 0]);

% 3. 最后绘制误差曲线
yyaxis right;

% 绘制误差曲线（带透明光晕）
% 多层光晕（使用插值数据）
for j = 5:-1:1
    line_width = 2 + (j-1)*1.2;
    alpha_value = 0.25 - (j-1)*0.05;
    
    plot(epsilon, error_data, ...
         'LineStyle', '-', ...
         'LineWidth', line_width, ...
         'Color', [color_error, alpha_value], ...
         'Marker', 'none', ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end

% 主误差曲线 - 先绘制平滑线
h_line_error = plot(epsilon, error_data, '--', ...
     'LineWidth', 2, ...
     'Color', color_error, ...
     'Marker', 'none', ...
     'HandleVisibility', 'on', ...
     'DisplayName', 'Lowest Error');

% 在原始数据点位置绘制标记
h_marker_error = plot(epsilon_raw, error_raw, ...
     'LineStyle', 'none', ...
     'Marker', 'o', ...
     'MarkerSize', 4, ...
     'MarkerFaceColor', color_error, ...
     'MarkerEdgeColor', color_error, ...
     'HandleVisibility', 'off');

% 共同设置
xlabel('\epsilon', ...
       'FontName', font_name, ...
       'FontSize', font_size_label, ...
       'FontWeight', font_weight_label);
xlim([0, 2]);
grid on;

% 设置线条图例（只有线型，没有标记）
legend(h_line, 'Location', 'best', 'FontSize', font_size_legend, ...
       'FontName', font_name);

% 统一美化
set(gca, 'FontName', font_name, 'FontSize', 11);
box on;
hold off;


% 在绘制完所有图形后，添加以下代码来创建自定义图例
% 创建自定义图例条目
legend_labels = {'\beta_1', '\beta_2', '\beta_3', '\beta_4', '\beta_5', 'Lowest Error'};
legend_colors = [beta_colors, {color_error}];
legend_line_styles = [line_style_beta, {'--'}];
legend_markers = [marker_style, {'o'}];

% 创建新图形来获取图例
figure('Position', [1000, 100, 400, 300], 'Color', 'white', 'Visible', 'off');
hold on;
legend_handles = [];
for i = 1:6
    % 创建同时包含线型和标记的图形对象
    h = plot([0, 1], [i, i], ...
             'LineStyle', legend_line_styles{i}, ...
             'LineWidth', 2, ...
             'Color', legend_colors{i}, ...
             'Marker', legend_markers{i}, ...
             'MarkerSize', 6, ...
             'MarkerFaceColor', legend_colors{i}, ...
             'DisplayName', legend_labels{i});
    legend_handles = [legend_handles, h];
end
hold off;
%% 自定义图例
%分别绘制光滑曲线（带线型）和标记点（只在采样点处）
%创建代理对象（proxy objects）来构建自定义图例，这些代理对象同时包含线型和标记
%使用代理对象创建最终图例

% 获取这个图例
custom_legend = legend(legend_handles, 'Location', 'best', ...
                       'FontSize', font_size_legend, ...
                       'FontName', font_name);
custom_legend_items = custom_legend.EntryContainer.Children;

% 关闭临时图形
close(gcf);

% 回到主图形，创建空白图例然后添加自定义条目
figure(1);  % 回到主图
% 首先隐藏之前的图例
legend('off');

% 创建自定义图例
% 方法1：使用annotation创建（复杂但精确）
% 方法2：简化方案 - 创建代理对象
% 创建代理图形对象（不在图上显示）
hold on;
proxy_handles = [];
for i = 1:6
    % 创建不在图上显示的代理对象
    proxy_handles(i) = plot(NaN, NaN, ...
                           'LineStyle', legend_line_styles{i}, ...
                           'LineWidth', 2, ...
                           'Color', legend_colors{i}, ...
                           'Marker', legend_markers{i}, ...
                           'MarkerSize', 6, ...
                           'MarkerFaceColor', legend_colors{i}, ...
                           'DisplayName', legend_labels{i});
end

% 创建图例
legend(proxy_handles, legend_labels, 'Location', 'best', ...
       'FontSize', font_size_legend, 'FontName', font_name);

柱状图------

3D 不同颜色 柱状图

参考：

自制：

代码：

clear; clc; close all;

%% ===================== 自定义区（可修改参数）=====================
% 1. 场景：无人机风速与风向对信号干扰的影响（单位：%）
velocity = [1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5];       % 风速（m/s）
angle = [0,45,90,135,180,225,270];    % 风向角（°）
% 3组场景数据（行数=风速数，列数=风向角数）
data1 = [
    0.2 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.0;
    0.8 1.5 3.2 2.5 1.0 0.4 0.2;
    1.5 3.8 6.5 5.2 2.2 0.9 0.5;
    1.2 4.2 7.8 8.5 4.0 1.8 0.8;
    0.6 2.5 4.8 5.2 3.5 2.0 1.0;
    0.3 1.2 2.5 2.8 2.0 1.5 0.8;
];
data2 = [
    0.5 1.2 2.5 1.8 0.8 0.4 0.2;
    1.8 3.5 7.2 6.5 3.0 1.4 0.8;
    3.5 8.8 15.5 14.2 7.2 3.9 1.5;
    4.2 10.2 18.8 19.5 10.0 5.8 2.8;
    2.6 6.5 11.8 12.2 8.5 5.0 3.0;
    1.3 3.2 6.5 7.8 5.0 3.5 2.8;
];
data3 = [
    0.3 0.8 1.8 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.1;
    1.2 2.5 5.2 4.5 2.0 0.9 0.4;
    2.5 6.8 10.5 9.2 4.2 1.9 0.8;
    3.2 8.2 14.8 15.5 7.0 3.8 1.8;
    1.6 4.5 8.8 9.2 6.5 3.0 2.0;
    0.8 2.2 4.5 5.8 4.0 2.5 1.8;
];

% 2. 颜色参数
color1 = [0.2 0.5 0.8];      % 场景1：浅蓝色
color2 = [0.1 0.7 0.6];      % 场景2：青绿色
color3 = [0.8 0.4 0.2];      % 场景3：橙红色

% 3. 高级网格和背景颜色设置
grid_color = [0.4, 0.4, 0.4];     % 网格线颜色：深灰色，更专业
bg_color = [0.98, 0.98, 0.98];    % 背景颜色：淡灰色，更高级
axis_color = [0.3, 0.3, 0.3];     % 坐标轴颜色：深灰色
grid_alpha = 0.5;                  % 网格线透明度

% 4. 坐标轴文字
xlabel_txt = 'velocity(m/s)';
ylabel_txt = 'angle(\circ)';
zlabel_txt = 'influence(%)';
fontSize = 11;
labelFontSize = 13;

%% ===================== 统一模板执行区 =====================
% 创建3子图布局
figure('Position',[150,150,1500,500],'Color','white');
tiledlayout(1,3,'TileSpacing','compact','Padding','compact');

% 子图1：低干扰场景
nexttile;
h1 = bar3(data1');  % 仅传入数据矩阵，修正参数过多问题
% 设置柱子样式
set(h1,'EdgeColor','cyan','FaceColor',color1);
ax = gca;

% ========== 设置高级网格和背景 ==========
ax.Color = bg_color;               % 设置背景颜色
ax.GridColor = grid_color;         % 设置网格线颜色
ax.GridAlpha = grid_alpha;         % 设置网格线透明度
ax.XColor = axis_color;            % 设置X轴颜色
ax.YColor = axis_color;            % 设置Y轴颜色
ax.ZColor = axis_color;            % 设置Z轴颜色
ax.GridLineStyle = '-';           % 网格线样式为实线
ax.MinorGridLineStyle = 'none';   % 无次要网格线
% ========================================

ax.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax.FontSize = fontSize;
ax.XLabel.String = xlabel_txt;
ax.XLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax.XLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax.YLabel.String = ylabel_txt;
ax.YLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax.YLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax.ZLabel.String = zlabel_txt;
ax.ZLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax.ZLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax.TickDir = 'out';
% 自定义X/Y轴刻度标签
ax.XTickLabel = velocity;
ax.YTickLabel = angle;
view(130,30);
zlim([0,10]);

% 子图2：中干扰场景
nexttile;
h2 = bar3(data2');
set(h2,'EdgeColor','g','FaceColor',color2);
ax = gca;

% ========== 设置高级网格和背景 ==========
ax.Color = bg_color;               % 设置背景颜色
ax.GridColor = grid_color;         % 设置网格线颜色
ax.GridAlpha = grid_alpha;         % 设置网格线透明度
ax.XColor = axis_color;            % 设置X轴颜色
ax.YColor = axis_color;            % 设置Y轴颜色
ax.ZColor = axis_color;            % 设置Z轴颜色
ax.GridLineStyle = '-';           % 网格线样式为实线
ax.MinorGridLineStyle = 'none';   % 无次要网格线
% ========================================

ax.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax.FontSize = fontSize;
ax.XLabel.String = xlabel_txt;
ax.XLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax.XLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax.YLabel.String = ylabel_txt;
ax.YLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax.YLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax.ZLabel.String = zlabel_txt;
ax.ZLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax.ZLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax.TickDir = 'out';
ax.XTickLabel = velocity;
ax.YTickLabel = angle;
view(130,30);
zlim([0,25]);

% 子图3：高干扰场景
nexttile;
h3 = bar3(data3');
set(h3,'EdgeColor','yellow','FaceColor',color3);
ax = gca;

% ========== 设置高级网格和背景 ==========
ax.Color = bg_color;               % 设置背景颜色
ax.GridColor = grid_color;         % 设置网格线颜色
ax.GridAlpha = grid_alpha;         % 设置网格线透明度
ax.XColor = axis_color;            % 设置X轴颜色
ax.YColor = axis_color;            % 设置Y轴颜色
ax.ZColor = axis_color;            % 设置Z轴颜色
ax.GridLineStyle = '-';           % 网格线样式为实线
ax.MinorGridLineStyle = 'none';   % 无次要网格线
% ========================================

ax.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax.FontSize = fontSize;
ax.XLabel.String = xlabel_txt;
ax.XLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax.XLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax.YLabel.String = ylabel_txt;
ax.YLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax.YLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax.ZLabel.String = zlabel_txt;
ax.ZLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax.ZLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax.TickDir = 'out';
ax.XTickLabel = velocity;
ax.YTickLabel = angle;
view(130,30);
zlim([0,17.5]);

% 结果输出
fprintf('绘图完成：3场景无人机风速-风向干扰3D柱状图\n');

2D 双坐标 柱状图折线图杂交

参考：

自制：

代码

clear; clc; close all;

%% 自定义区
countries = {'FRA','KOR','CHN','SUN','AUS','JPN','GRC','BRA','USA'};
n = length(countries);
score_ratio = [1.93, 1.73, 1.58, 1.56, 1.41, 1.41, 1.23, 1.11, 0.93];
scores = [122, 67, 218, 424, 115, 126, 34, 39, 401];

bar_colors = [
    0.2  0.4  0.9;
    0.3  0.5  0.92;
    0.4  0.6  0.94;
    0.5  0.7  0.96;
    0.6  0.8  0.98;
    0.7  0.85 0.99;
    0.8  0.9  1.0;
    0.85 0.93 1.0;
    0.9  0.96 1.0;
];

line_color = [1.0 0.8 0.0];
marker_color = [1.0 0.8 0.0];

interp_points = 100;
x_raw = 1:n;
x_interp = linspace(1, n, interp_points);
scores_interp = interp1(x_raw, scores, x_interp, 'pchip');

xlabel_txt = 'Country';
ylabel_left_txt = 'Olympic score ratio';
ylabel_right_txt = 'scores';
legend_left_txt = {'Olympic score ratio'};
legend_right_txt = {'scores'};
fontSize = 11;
labelFontSize = 13;

%% 统一模板执行区
figure('Position',[150,150,1000,600],'Color','white');

ax1 = gca;
hold(ax1, 'on');
h_bar = bar(ax1, score_ratio, 'FaceColor', 'flat', 'EdgeColor', 'none');
h_bar.CData = bar_colors;
h_bar.DisplayName = legend_left_txt{1};

for i = 1:n
    text(ax1, i, score_ratio(i), sprintf('%.2f', score_ratio(i)), ...
         'FontName','Times New Roman', 'FontSize',10, ...
         'VerticalAlignment','bottom', 'HorizontalAlignment','center', ...
         'FontWeight','bold', 'Color','k', ...
         'BackgroundColor', [1 1 1 0.4], 'Margin', 1, ...
         'EdgeColor', 'k', 'LineWidth', 0.5);
end

ax2 = axes('Position',ax1.Position,'YAxisLocation','right','Color','none','XColor','none','YColor','k');
hold(ax2, 'on');

for j = 8:-1:1
    line_width = 3 + (j-1)*1.5;
    alpha_value = 0.12 - (j-1)*0.015;
    
    plot(ax2, x_interp, scores_interp, 'LineStyle', '-', ...
         'LineWidth', line_width, 'Color', [line_color, alpha_value], ...
         'Marker', 'none', 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end

h_line = plot(ax2, x_interp, scores_interp, 'LineStyle', '-', ...
     'LineWidth', 3, 'Color', line_color, 'Marker', 'none', ...
     'DisplayName', legend_right_txt{1});

plot(ax2, x_raw, scores, 'LineStyle', 'none', 'Marker', 'o', ...
     'MarkerSize', 7, 'MarkerFaceColor', marker_color, ...
     'MarkerEdgeColor', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');

for i = 1:n
    text(ax2, x_raw(i), scores(i), num2str(scores(i)), ...
         'FontName','Times New Roman', 'FontSize',10, ...
         'VerticalAlignment','bottom', 'HorizontalAlignment','center', ...
         'FontWeight','bold', 'Color','k', ...
         'BackgroundColor', [1 1 1 0.4], 'Margin', 1, ...
         'EdgeColor', 'k', 'LineWidth', 0.5);
end

ax1.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax1.FontSize = fontSize;
ax1.XTick = 1:n;
ax1.XTickLabel = countries;
ax1.XLabel.String = xlabel_txt;
ax1.XLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax1.XLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax1.XLabel.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax1.YLabel.String = ylabel_left_txt;
ax1.YLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax1.YLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax1.YLabel.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax1.YLim = [0, 2.1];
ax1.TickDir = 'in';%这个地方如果是out就会和右边的冲突
ax1.Box = 'on';
ax1.YAxisLocation = 'left';

ax2.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax2.FontSize = fontSize;
ax2.XTick = [];
ax2.YLabel.String = ylabel_right_txt;
ax2.YLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax2.YLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax2.YLabel.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax2.YLim = [0, 450];
ax2.TickDir = 'out';
linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');

proxy_handle = plot(ax2, NaN, NaN, 'LineStyle', '-', ...
                   'LineWidth', 3, 'Color', line_color, ...
                   'Marker', 'o', 'MarkerSize', 7, ...
                   'MarkerFaceColor', marker_color, ...
                   'MarkerEdgeColor', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1, ...
                   'DisplayName', legend_right_txt{1});

legend(ax1, h_bar, legend_left_txt, 'Location','northwest',...
       'FontSize',10,'FontName','Times New Roman');
legend(ax2, proxy_handle, legend_right_txt, 'Location','northeast',...
       'FontSize',10,'FontName','Times New Roman');

ax1.Legend.AutoUpdate = 'off';
ax2.Legend.AutoUpdate = 'off';

hold(ax1, 'off');
hold(ax2, 'off');

fprintf('绘图完成\n');

右边图例，matlab不好画这种，凑合一下

clear; clc; close all;
% 创新图例
%% ===================== 自定义区（可修改参数）=====================
% 1. 环形参数
radius = [1.0, 0.8, 0.6];      % 三层圆环半径
angle = [210, 240, 270];       % 每层圆环的圆弧角度（0-360）
colors = [
    0.8 0.9 1.0;   % 最外层：浅蓝
    0.4 0.7 0.9;   % 中间层：中蓝
    0.1 0.4 0.8;   % 最内层：深蓝
];
% 2. 图例参数
legend_txt = {'growth rate>1','growth rate>1.2','growth rate>1.5'};
fontSize = 11;
labelFontSize = 13;

%% ===================== 统一模板执行区 =====================
figure('Position',[150,150,600,600],'Color','white');
hold on;

% 绘制三层环形
for i = 1:length(radius)
    theta = linspace(-90, angle(i)-90, 100) * pi/180;
    x = radius(i) * cos(theta);
    y = radius(i) * sin(theta);
    % 绘制外层圆弧
    plot(x, y, 'Color',colors(i,:), 'LineWidth',25);
    % 绘制内层空白圆弧
    theta_inner = linspace(angle(i)-90, 270, 100) * pi/180;
    x_inner = (radius(i)-0.18) * cos(theta_inner);
    y_inner = (radius(i)-0.18) * sin(theta_inner);
    plot(x_inner, y_inner, 'Color','white', 'LineWidth',25);
end

% 坐标轴设置
ax = gca;
ax.XLim = [-1.2, 1.2];
ax.YLim = [-1.2, 1.2];
ax.XTick = [];
ax.YTick = [];
ax.Box = 'off';
ax.Color = 'white';
axis equal;

% 图例设置
legend(legend_txt, 'Location','east','FontSize',fontSize,'FontName','Times New Roman');

hold off;

% 结果输出
fprintf('绘图完成：三层环形增长速率图\n');

其他统计分布图------

云雨图和箱型图的杂交图？

参考图 2025C 2500759

AI了一下，云雨图实际上是小提琴图（云）+散点图（雨），所以这个上面的说法就像是米饭-蛋炒饭 杂交菜谱......

自制，加了图例，看起来高级了一点点。

代码：

clear; clc; close all;
% 小提琴图们
%% ===================== 自定义区（可修改参数）=====================
% 1. 数据参数（8个国家，每个国家对应一组模拟数据）
country_names = {'Burkina Faso','Ghana','Grenada','Kuwait','North Macedonia','San Marino','Saudi Arabia','Turkmenistan'};
n_countries = length(country_names);
% 模拟数据：每个国家生成一组带分布的数值
data = {
    randn(200,1)*0.3 + 1;
    randn(200,1)*0.4 + 1.5;
    randn(200,1)*0.3 + 1.2;
    randn(200,1)*0.4 + 1.1;
    randn(200,1)*0.3 + 0.9;
    randn(200,1)*0.5 + 1.8;
    randn(200,1)*0.3 + 1.0;
    randn(200,1)*0.4 + 1.1;
};
% 每个国家对应的p值
p_values = {'p=1.2e-26','p=1.0e+00','p=1.0e+00','p=6.8e-01','p=1.2e-26','p=8.5e-01','p=1.1e-03','p=3.0e-09'};
% 2. 颜色参数（8种柔和配色）
color_list = [
    0.2 0.5 0.8;   % 蓝色
    0.7 0.5 0.8;   % 浅紫
    0.5 0.8 0.6;   % 浅绿
    0.3 0.6 0.8;   % 湖蓝
    0.7 0.7 0.4;   % 浅黄
    0.7 0.8 0.9;   % 浅蓝
    0.2 0.4 0.5;   % 深蓝
    0.6 0.4 0.7;   % 紫粉
];
% 箱线图撞色颜色（每个国家的边框颜色）
edge_colors = [
    0.8 0.2 0.2;   % 红色 - 蓝色系的撞色
    0.2 0.8 0.2;   % 绿色 - 浅紫系的撞色
    0.8 0.4 0.1;   % 橙色 - 浅绿系的撞色
    0.9 0.6 0.1;   % 金色 - 湖蓝系的撞色
    0.5 0.2 0.8;   % 紫色 - 浅黄系的撞色
    0.8 0.5 0.2;   % 棕色 - 浅蓝系的撞色
    0.9 0.3 0.1;   % 橙红 - 深蓝系的撞色
    0.2 0.7 0.5;   % 青绿 - 紫粉系的撞色
];
% 3. 文字参数
ylabel_txt = 'Value';
fontSize = 11;
labelFontSize = 13;

%% ===================== 统一模板执行区 =====================
figure('Position',[150,150,1200,600],'Color','white');
hold on;

% 存储图例句柄 - 只存储散点图的句柄
scatter_handles = gobjects(1, n_countries);

for i = 1:n_countries
    % 提取当前国家数据
    d = data{i};
    % 计算小提琴图核密度
    [f,xi] = ksdensity(d);
    f = f/max(f)*0.3; % 缩放密度值
    
    % 绘制小提琴图（填充半透明区域）
    x_left = i - f;
    x_right = i + f;
    fill([x_left,fliplr(x_right)],[xi,fliplr(xi)],color_list(i,:),'EdgeColor','none','FaceAlpha',0.4,'HandleVisibility','off');
    
    % 绘制散点（雨云点）
    scatter_handles(i) = scatter(i + randn(length(d),1)*0.15, d, 15, ...
        color_list(i,:), 'filled', 'Marker','o', ...
        'DisplayName', country_names{i});
    
    % 绘制箱线图（自定义颜色）
    bp = boxplot(d, 'Positions',i, 'Widths',0.1, 'Symbol','+', 'MedianStyle','line');
        %'MedianStyle'可为target
    % 'Symbol'可以不为空，'o'或者'.'展示outliers
    % 设置箱线图颜色
    set(bp, 'LineWidth', 0.1);
    
    % 获取箱线图的各个部分并设置颜色
    h = findobj(gca, 'Tag', 'Box');
    for j = 1:length(h)
        % 找到当前位置的箱线图
        if abs(get(h(j), 'XData') - i) < 0.1
            % 设置箱体填充颜色
            patch_obj = get(h(j), 'Parent');
            % 获取箱体填充
            fill_h = findobj(patch_obj, 'Type', 'patch');
            if ~isempty(fill_h)
                set(fill_h, 'FaceColor', color_list(i,:), ...
                    'FaceAlpha', 0.1, ...
                    'EdgeColor', edge_colors(i,:), ...
                    'LineWidth', 0.5);
            end
            
            % 设置中位线颜色
            median_h = findobj(gca, 'Tag', 'Median');
            for k = 1:length(median_h)
                if abs(get(median_h(k), 'XData') - i) < 0.1
                    set(median_h(k), 'Color', edge_colors(i,:), 'LineWidth', 2);
                end
            end
            
            % 设置须线颜色
            whisker_h = findobj(gca, 'Tag', 'Whisker');
            for k = 1:length(whisker_h)
                if abs(get(whisker_h(k), 'XData') - i) < 0.1
                    set(whisker_h(k), 'Color', edge_colors(i,:), 'LineWidth', 1.5);
                end
            end
            
            % 设置异常点颜色
            outlier_h = findobj(gca, 'Tag', 'Outliers');
            for k = 1:length(outlier_h)
                if abs(get(outlier_h(k), 'XData') - i) < 0.1
                    set(outlier_h(k), 'MarkerEdgeColor', edge_colors(i,:), ...
                        'MarkerFaceColor', edge_colors(i,:), 'MarkerSize', 4);
                end
            end
        end
    end
    
    % % 创建箱线图的代理图例句柄（注释掉，需要时取消注释）
    % box_handles(i) = patch([NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN], [NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN], ...
    %     color_list(i,:), 'EdgeColor', edge_colors(i,:), 'LineWidth', 1.5, ...
    %     'FaceAlpha', 0.3, 'DisplayName', [country_names{i} ' Box']);
    
    % 添加p值文本（加粗字体）
    text(i, 3.8, p_values{i}, 'FontName','Times New Roman', 'FontSize',13, 'FontWeight','bold');
end

% 坐标轴设置（所有字体加粗）
ax = gca;
ax.XTick = 1:n_countries;
ax.XTickLabel = country_names;
ax.XTickLabelRotation = 45;
ax.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax.FontSize = fontSize;
ax.FontWeight = 'bold';  % 坐标轴刻度加粗
ax.YLabel.String = ylabel_txt;
ax.YLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax.YLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax.YLabel.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax.YLim = [0, 4];
ax.TickDir = 'out';
ax.Box = 'on';

% 图例设置 - 分为两类：散点图一类，箱线图一类
% 目前只显示散点图图例，箱线图图例已注释
legend(scatter_handles, 'Location', 'northeast', ...
    'FontSize', 10, 'FontName', 'Times New Roman', 'FontWeight', 'bold', ...
    'NumColumns', 2);

hold off;

% 结果输出
fprintf('绘图完成：小提琴-雨云混合图，包含8个国家的数据分布\n');

再来一个基本上一模一样的，

半小提琴图

参考：

自制：

代码：

clear; clc; close all;

%% 自定义区
group_names = {'Conventional agriculture','Conservation agriculture'};
n_groups = length(group_names);

data_ambient = {
    randn(200,1)*1.2 + 8.5;
    randn(200,1)*1.5 + 12.5;
};
data_warming = {
    randn(200,1)*1.2 + 8.5;
    randn(200,1)*1.5 + 13.5;
};

sig_marks = {'compare1','compare2'};

% 颜色设置
color_ambient = [0.3 0.6 0.9];    % 浅蓝色
color_warming = [0.9 0.5 0.5];    % 浅红色
color_box = [0.95 0.95 0.98];     % 箱体颜色
color_target = [0.2 0.8 0.2];     % 目标线颜色
color_outlier = [0.5 0.5 0.5];    % 异常点颜色

ylabel_txt = 'SOC (g C kg^{-1})';
fontSize = 11;
labelFontSize = 13;

violin_width = 0.35;
box_width = 0.15;                  % 箱体宽度
group_gap = 0;                  % 组间空隙
median_line_width = 2;
sig_offset_y = 0.5;
box_alpha = 0.3;                   % 箱体透明度
outlier_size = 0.6;                  % 异常点大小

%% 统一模板执行区
figure('Position',[150,150,1200,600],'Color','white');
tiledlayout(1,2,'TileSpacing','compact','Padding','compact');

% 子图1：挨在一起的半小提琴图
nexttile;
ax1 = gca;
hold(ax1, 'on');

legend_handles = [];

for i = 1:n_groups
    d_ambient = data_ambient{i};
    d_warming = data_warming{i};
    
    [f_ambient,xi_ambient] = ksdensity(d_ambient);
    [f_warming,xi_warming] = ksdensity(d_warming);
    
    f_ambient = f_ambient/max(f_ambient)*violin_width;
    f_warming = f_warming/max(f_warming)*violin_width;
    
    % 调整x位置，考虑组间空隙
    x_center = i;
    x_left = x_center - group_gap/2;
    x_right = x_center + group_gap/2;
    
    % 左侧半小提琴（Ambient）
    if i == 1
        h_ambient = fill([x_left-f_ambient, fliplr(x_left*ones(size(f_ambient)))],...
                         [xi_ambient, fliplr(xi_ambient)], color_ambient,...
                         'EdgeColor', color_ambient*0.8, 'LineWidth', 0.5, 'FaceAlpha', 0.6, 'DisplayName', 'Ambient');
        legend_handles = [legend_handles, h_ambient];
    else
        fill([x_left-f_ambient, fliplr(x_left*ones(size(f_ambient)))],...
             [xi_ambient, fliplr(xi_ambient)], color_ambient,...
             'EdgeColor', color_ambient*0.8, 'LineWidth', 0.5, 'FaceAlpha', 0.6, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
    
    % 右侧半小提琴（Warming）
    if i == 1
        h_warming = fill([x_right*ones(size(f_warming)), fliplr(x_right+f_warming)],...
                         [xi_warming, fliplr(xi_warming)], color_warming,...
                         'EdgeColor', color_warming*0.8, 'LineWidth', 0.5, 'FaceAlpha', 0.6, 'DisplayName', 'Warming');
        legend_handles = [legend_handles, h_warming];
    else
        fill([x_right*ones(size(f_warming)), fliplr(x_right+f_warming)],...
             [xi_warming, fliplr(xi_warming)], color_warming,...
             'EdgeColor', color_warming*0.8, 'LineWidth', 0.5, 'FaceAlpha', 0.6, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
    
    % 半箱型图 - 左侧（Ambient）
    q_ambient = quantile(d_ambient, [0.25, 0.5, 0.75]);
    iqr_ambient = q_ambient(3) - q_ambient(1);
    whisker_ambient_low = max(q_ambient(1)-1.5*iqr_ambient, min(d_ambient));
    whisker_ambient_high = min(q_ambient(3)+1.5*iqr_ambient, max(d_ambient));
    
    % 左侧箱体（使用patch代替rectangle）
    box_x = [x_left-box_width, x_left, x_left, x_left-box_width, x_left-box_width];
    box_y = [q_ambient(1), q_ambient(1), q_ambient(3), q_ambient(3), q_ambient(1)];
    patch(box_x, box_y, color_box, 'EdgeColor', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1, 'FaceAlpha', box_alpha, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    
    % 左侧目标线（原来的中位线）
    line([x_left-box_width, x_left], [q_ambient(2), q_ambient(2)],...
         'Color', color_target, 'LineWidth', median_line_width, 'LineStyle', '-');
    
    % 左侧须线
    line([x_left-box_width*0.5, x_left-box_width*0.5], [whisker_ambient_low, q_ambient(1)],...
         'Color', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1);
    line([x_left-box_width*0.5, x_left-box_width*0.5], [q_ambient(3), whisker_ambient_high],...
         'Color', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1);
    
    % 左侧异常点
    outliers_ambient = d_ambient(d_ambient < whisker_ambient_low | d_ambient > whisker_ambient_high);
    if ~isempty(outliers_ambient)
        plot(repmat(x_left-box_width*0.5, length(outliers_ambient), 1), outliers_ambient, '+',...
             'Color', color_outlier, 'MarkerSize', outlier_size, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
    
    % 半箱型图 - 右侧（Warming）
    q_warming = quantile(d_warming, [0.25, 0.5, 0.75]);
    iqr_warming = q_warming(3) - q_warming(1);
    whisker_warming_low = max(q_warming(1)-1.5*iqr_warming, min(d_warming));
    whisker_warming_high = min(q_warming(3)+1.5*iqr_warming, max(d_warming));
    
    % 右侧箱体（使用patch）
    box_x = [x_right, x_right+box_width, x_right+box_width, x_right, x_right];
    box_y = [q_warming(1), q_warming(1), q_warming(3), q_warming(3), q_warming(1)];
    patch(box_x, box_y, color_box, 'EdgeColor', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1, 'FaceAlpha', box_alpha, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    
    % 右侧目标线
    line([x_right, x_right+box_width], [q_warming(2), q_warming(2)],...
         'Color', color_target, 'LineWidth', median_line_width, 'LineStyle', '-');
    
    % 右侧须线
    line([x_right+box_width*0.5, x_right+box_width*0.5], [whisker_warming_low, q_warming(1)],...
         'Color', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1);
    line([x_right+box_width*0.5, x_right+box_width*0.5], [q_warming(3), whisker_warming_high],...
         'Color', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1);
    
    % 右侧异常点
    outliers_warming = d_warming(d_warming < whisker_warming_low | d_warming > whisker_warming_high);
    if ~isempty(outliers_warming)
        plot(repmat(x_right+box_width*0.5, length(outliers_warming), 1), outliers_warming, '+',...
             'Color', color_outlier, 'MarkerSize', outlier_size, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
    
    % 添加显著性标记
    text(x_center, max([d_ambient; d_warming]) + sig_offset_y, sig_marks{i},...
        'FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',12,'FontWeight','bold',...
        'HorizontalAlignment','center','Color',[0.3 0.3 0.3]);
end

ax1.XTick = 1:n_groups;
ax1.XTickLabel = group_names;
ax1.XTickLabelRotation = 15;
ax1.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax1.FontSize = fontSize;
ax1.YLabel.String = ylabel_txt;
ax1.YLabel.FontWeight = 'bold';
ax1.YLabel.FontSize = labelFontSize;
ax1.YLabel.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax1.YLim = [4, 20];
ax1.TickDir = 'out';
ax1.Box = 'on';

legend(legend_handles, {'Ambient','Warming'}, 'Location','northeast',...
    'FontSize',fontSize,'FontName','Times New Roman');

% 子图2：分开的半小提琴图
nexttile;
ax2 = gca;
hold(ax2, 'on');

group2_names = {'Conventional','Conservation'};
n_group2 = length(group2_names);

% 调整分开图的位置，设置更大的间隙
group_spacing = 1.2;
x_positions = [1, 1.6, 3.2, 3.8];  % 两组分开的x位置
group_centers = [1.3, 3.5];         % 每组中心位置

for g = 1:n_group2
    i = g;
    d_ambient = data_ambient{i};
    d_warming = data_warming{i};
    
    [f_ambient,xi_ambient] = ksdensity(d_ambient);
    [f_warming,xi_warming] = ksdensity(d_warming);
    
    f_ambient = f_ambient/max(f_ambient)*violin_width;
    f_warming = f_warming/max(f_warming)*violin_width;
    
    x_left = x_positions(2*g-1);
    x_right = x_positions(2*g);
    
    % 左侧半小提琴（Ambient）
    fill([x_left-f_ambient, fliplr(x_left*ones(size(f_ambient)))],...
         [xi_ambient, fliplr(xi_ambient)], color_ambient,...
         'EdgeColor', color_ambient*0.8, 'LineWidth', 0.5, 'FaceAlpha', 0.6, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    
    % 右侧半小提琴（Warming）
    fill([x_right*ones(size(f_warming)), fliplr(x_right+f_warming)],...
         [xi_warming, fliplr(xi_warming)], color_warming,...
         'EdgeColor', color_warming*0.8, 'LineWidth', 0.5, 'FaceAlpha', 0.6, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    
    % 左侧半箱型图（Ambient）
    q_ambient = quantile(d_ambient, [0.25, 0.5, 0.75]);
    iqr_ambient = q_ambient(3) - q_ambient(1);
    whisker_ambient_low = max(q_ambient(1)-1.5*iqr_ambient, min(d_ambient));
    whisker_ambient_high = min(q_ambient(3)+1.5*iqr_ambient, max(d_ambient));
    
    % 左侧箱体（patch）
    box_x = [x_left-box_width, x_left, x_left, x_left-box_width, x_left-box_width];
    box_y = [q_ambient(1), q_ambient(1), q_ambient(3), q_ambient(3), q_ambient(1)];
    patch(box_x, box_y, color_box, 'EdgeColor', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1, 'FaceAlpha', box_alpha, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    
    line([x_left-box_width, x_left], [q_ambient(2), q_ambient(2)],...
         'Color', color_target, 'LineWidth', median_line_width, 'LineStyle', '-');
    
    line([x_left-box_width*0.5, x_left-box_width*0.5], [whisker_ambient_low, q_ambient(1)],...
         'Color', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1);
    line([x_left-box_width*0.5, x_left-box_width*0.5], [q_ambient(3), whisker_ambient_high],...
         'Color', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1);
    
    % 左侧异常点
    outliers_ambient = d_ambient(d_ambient < whisker_ambient_low | d_ambient > whisker_ambient_high);
    if ~isempty(outliers_ambient)
        plot(repmat(x_left-box_width*0.5, length(outliers_ambient), 1), outliers_ambient, '+',...
             'Color', color_outlier, 'MarkerSize', outlier_size, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
    
    % 右侧半箱型图（Warming）
    q_warming = quantile(d_warming, [0.25, 0.5, 0.75]);
    iqr_warming = q_warming(3) - q_warming(1);
    whisker_warming_low = max(q_warming(1)-1.5*iqr_warming, min(d_warming));
    whisker_warming_high = min(q_warming(3)+1.5*iqr_warming, max(d_warming));
    
    % 右侧箱体（patch）
    box_x = [x_right, x_right+box_width, x_right+box_width, x_right, x_right];
    box_y = [q_warming(1), q_warming(1), q_warming(3), q_warming(3), q_warming(1)];
    patch(box_x, box_y, color_box, 'EdgeColor', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1, 'FaceAlpha', box_alpha, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    
    line([x_right, x_right+box_width], [q_warming(2), q_warming(2)],...
         'Color', color_target, 'LineWidth', median_line_width, 'LineStyle', '-');
    
    line([x_right+box_width*0.5, x_right+box_width*0.5], [whisker_warming_low, q_warming(1)],...
         'Color', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1);
    line([x_right+box_width*0.5, x_right+box_width*0.5], [q_warming(3), whisker_warming_high],...
         'Color', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1);
    
    % 右侧异常点
    outliers_warming = d_warming(d_warming < whisker_warming_low | d_warming > whisker_warming_high);
    if ~isempty(outliers_warming)
        plot(repmat(x_right+box_width*0.5, length(outliers_warming), 1), outliers_warming, '+',...
             'Color', color_outlier, 'MarkerSize', outlier_size, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
    
    % 添加显著性标记
    text(group_centers(g), max([d_ambient; d_warming]) + sig_offset_y, sig_marks{g},...
        'FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',12,'FontWeight','bold',...
        'HorizontalAlignment','center','Color',[0.3 0.3 0.3]);
end

ax2.XTick = group_centers;
ax2.XTickLabel = group2_names;
ax2.FontName = 'Times New Roman';
ax2.FontSize = fontSize;
ax2.YLim = [4, 20];
ax2.TickDir = 'out';
ax2.Box = 'on';

% 添加右侧子图的图例
legend_handles2 = [];
h1 = patch([0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],color_ambient,'EdgeColor',color_ambient*0.8,'LineWidth',0.5,'FaceAlpha',0.6,'DisplayName','Ambient');
h2 = patch([0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],color_warming,'EdgeColor',color_warming*0.8,'LineWidth',0.5,'FaceAlpha',0.6,'DisplayName','Warming');
legend_handles2 = [h1, h2];
legend(legend_handles2, {'Ambient','Warming'}, 'Location','northeast',...
    'FontSize',fontSize,'FontName','Times New Roman');

hold(ax1, 'off');
hold(ax2, 'off');

fprintf('绘图完成\n');