1、初始化集群环境
准备三台 rocky8.8 操作系统的 linux 机器。每台机器配置：4VCPU/4G 内存/60G 硬盘
环境说明：
IP 主机名 角色 内存 cpu
192.168.1.63 k8s63 master 4G 4vCPU
192.168.1.64 k8s64 worker 4G 4vCPU
192.168.1.62 k8s62 worker 4G 4vCPU
安装 yum install lrzsz vim-enhanced -y
备注：lrzsz 是为了能直接把电脑文件拖拽到 linux 机器的
vim-enhanced 是为了直接能用 vim 命令的，但是如果你装的 linux 系统是 dvd 桌面版，默认是能
直接用 vim 的
2、永久关闭 selinux
root@localhost \~\]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
#注意：修改 selinux 配置文件之后，重启机器，selinux 才能永久生效
\[root@localhost\~\]# getenforce
Disabled
### 3、配置主机名
在 192.168.1.63 上执行如下：
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s63 \&\& bash
在 192.168.1.64 上执行如下：
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s64 \&\& bash
在 192.168.1.62 上执行如下：
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s62 \&\& bash
### 4、配置 hosts 文件：
修改每台机器的 vi /etc/hosts 文件，在内容最后增加如下三行：
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.63 k8s63
192.168.1.64 k8s64
192.168.1.62 k8s62
### 5.安装依赖（3台都执行）
yum install -y device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 wget net-tools nfs-utils lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ make cmake libxml2-devel openssl-devel curl curl-devel unzip sudo libaio-devel vim ncurses-devel autoconf automake zlib-devel openssh-server socat conntrack telnet ipvsadm
### 6、配置主机之间无密码登录
1）配置 xuegod63 到其他机器免密登录
\[root@xuegod63 \~\]# ssh-keygen #一路回车，不输入密码
把本地的 ssh 公钥文件安装到远程主机对应的账户
\[root@k8s63 \~\]# ssh-copy-id k8s63
\[root@k8s63 \~\]# ssh-copy-id k8s64
\[root@k8s63 \~\]# ssh-copy-id k8s62
其他两个也一样。
### 7、关闭所有主机 firewalld 防火墙
>
> \[root@xuegod63 \~\]# systemctl stop firewalld ; systemctl disable firewalld
>
> \[root@xuegod64 \~\]# systemctl stop firewalld ; systemctl disable firewalld
>
> \[root@xuegod62 \~\]# systemctl stop firewalld ; systemctl disable firewalld
>
> 如果生产机器，防火墙开启，不能关，也可以，但是要放行一些端口:
>
> 6443：Kubernetes API Server
>
> 2379、2380：etcd 服务
>
> 10250、10255：kubelet 服务
>
> 10257：kube-controller-manager 服务
>
> 10259：kube-scheduler 服务
>
> 30000-32767：在物理机映射的 NodePort 端口
>
> 179、473、4789、9099：Calico 服务端口
### 8、关闭交换分区 swap
#临时关闭交换分区
\[root@k8s63 \~\]# **swapoff -a**
\[root@k8s64 \~\]# swapoff -a
\[root@k8s62 \~\]# swapoff -a
\[root@k8s63 \~\]# vim /etc/fstab #给 swap 这行开头加一下注释#
#/dev/mapper/rl-swap none swap defaults 0 0
### 9、修改内核参数：
\[root@k8s63 \~\]#**modprobe br_netfilter**
\[root@k8s64 \~\]# modprobe br_netfilter
\[root@k8s62 \~\]# modprobe br_netfilter
modprobe 是一个 Linux 命令，它用于动态地加载内核模块到 Linux 内核中。br_netfilter 是
Linux 内核模块之一，它提供了桥接网络设备和 Netfilter 之间的接口。Netfilter 是 Linux 内核中的一个框架，它可以在数据包通过网络协议栈时进行修改或过滤。在 Kubernetes 中，br_netfilter 模块用于实现 Kubernetes 集群中的网络功能。通过加载br_netfilter 模块，我们可以确保在Kubernetes 集群中使用的 iptables 规则正确应用。 （3台都执行）
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf < 1）net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables: 当数据包经过网桥时，是否需要将 IPv6 数据包传递给iptables 进行处理。将其设置为 1 表示启用。
>
> 2）net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables: 当数据包经过网桥时，是否需要将 IPv4 数据包传递给iptables 进行处理。将其设置为 1 表示启用。
>
> 3）net.ipv4.ip_forward: 是否允许主机转发网络包。将其设置为 1 表示启用。
>
> 这些参数是为了让 Linux 系统的网络功能可以更好地支持 Kubernetes 的网络组件（如flannel、Calico 等），启用这些参数可以确保集群中的 Pod 能够正常通信和访问外部网络。
### 10、配置安装 docker 和 containerd 的需要的阿里云 yum 源（三台都加）
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
### 11、配置安装 k8s 命令行工具需要的阿里云的 yum 源（3台都执行）
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo < 备注：
>
> baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/，
>
> 这是 Kubernetes 官方在阿里云上提供的 yum 仓库地址，使用这个地址可以从阿里云上下载和安装Kubernetes 软件包。
### 12、配置时间同步（3台都执行）
> 基于 chrony 配置服务器时间跟网络时间同步
>
> 以前我们使用 ntpdate 来同步系统时间，但是，ntpdate 是立即同步，在生产环境下，系统时间大范围的跳动，是非常严重的事件。
>
> chrony 是网络时间协议(NTP)的另一种实现,与网络时间协议后台程序(ntpd)不同,它可以更快地且更准确地同步系统时钟。
>
> 两个主要程序：chronyd 和 chronyc
>
> chronyd：后台运行的守护进程，用于调整内核中运行的系统时钟和时钟服务器同步。它确定计算机增减时间的比率，并对此进行补偿
>
> chronyc：命令行用户工具，用于监控性能并进行多样化的配置。它在 chronyd 实例控制的计算机上工作服务 unit 文件： /usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service
>
> 监听端口： 323/udp，123/udp
>
> 配置文件： /etc/chrony.conf
ntpdate 和 chrony 是服务器时间同步的主要工具，两者的主要区别就是：
1、执行 ntpdate 后，时间是立即修整，中间会出现时间断档；
2、而执行 chrony 后，时间也会修正，但是是缓慢将时间追回，并不会断档。
yum -y install chrony #如果没有该服务安装一下
systemctl enable chronyd --now #设置 chronyd 开机启动并立即启动 chronyd 服务同步网络时间
配置问价追加内容#文件最后增加如下内容
tee -a /etc/chrony.conf < 也可以直接安装：直接安装的是新版本。最新版本的libc需要2.34以上
>
> 
>
> # 查看当前 glibc 版本
>
> ldd --version \| grep libc
>
> 这是直接安装
>
> yum install containerd.io --allowerasing -y
>
配置 vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
temp = ""
version = 2
[cgroup]
path = ""
[debug]
address = ""
format = ""
gid = 0
level = ""
uid = 0
[grpc]
address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
gid = 0
max_recv_message_size = 16777216
max_send_message_size = 16777216
tcp_address = ""
tcp_tls_ca = ""
tcp_tls_cert = ""
tcp_tls_key = ""
uid = 0
[metrics]
address = ""
grpc_histogram = false
[plugins]
[plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
deletion_threshold = 0
mutation_threshold = 100
pause_threshold = 0.02
schedule_delay = "0s"
startup_delay = "100ms"
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
device_ownership_from_security_context = false
disable_apparmor = false
disable_cgroup = false
disable_hugetlb_controller = true
disable_proc_mount = false
disable_tcp_service = true
enable_selinux = false
enable_tls_streaming = false
enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
enable_unprivileged_ports = false
ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
max_concurrent_downloads = 3
max_container_log_line_size = 16384
netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
restrict_oom_score_adj = false
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7"
selinux_category_range = 1024
stats_collect_period = 10
stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
stream_server_port = "0"
systemd_cgroup = false
tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
unset_seccomp_profile = ""
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
conf_template = ""
ip_pref = ""
max_conf_num = 1
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
default_runtime_name = "runc"
disable_snapshot_annotations = true
discard_unpacked_layers = false
ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false
no_pivot = false
snapshotter = "overlayfs"
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
base_runtime_spec = ""
cni_conf_dir = ""
cni_max_conf_num = 0
container_annotations = []
pod_annotations = []
privileged_without_host_devices = false
runtime_engine = ""
runtime_path = ""
runtime_root = ""
runtime_type = ""
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
base_runtime_spec = ""
cni_conf_dir = ""
cni_max_conf_num = 0
container_annotations = []
pod_annotations = []
privileged_without_host_devices = false
runtime_engine = ""
runtime_path = ""
runtime_root = ""
runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
BinaryName = ""
CriuImagePath = ""
CriuPath = ""
CriuWorkPath = ""
IoGid = 0
IoUid = 0
NoNewKeyring = false
NoPivotRoot = false
Root = ""
ShimCgroup = ""
SystemdCgroup = true
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
base_runtime_spec = ""
cni_conf_dir = ""
cni_max_conf_num = 0
container_annotations = []
pod_annotations = []
privileged_without_host_devices = false
runtime_engine = ""
runtime_path = ""
runtime_root = ""
runtime_type = ""
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
key_model = "node"
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
config_path = ""
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."192.168.40.62".tls]
insecure_skip_verify = true
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."192.168.40.62".auth]
username = "admin"
password = "Harbor12345"
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."192.168.40.62"]
endpoint = ["https://192.168.40.62:443"]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io"]
endpoint = ["https://vh3bm52y.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
tls_cert_file = ""
tls_key_file = ""
[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
path = "/opt/containerd"
[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
interval = "10s"
[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]
sampling_ratio = 1.0
service_name = "containerd"
[plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
content_sharing_policy = "shared"
[plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
no_prometheus = false
[plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
no_shim = false
runtime = "runc"
runtime_root = ""
shim = "containerd-shim"
shim_debug = false
[plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
sched_core = false
[plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
default = ["walking"]
[plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]
rdt_config_file = ""
[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
root_path = ""
[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
root_path = ""
[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
async_remove = false
base_image_size = ""
discard_blocks = false
fs_options = ""
fs_type = ""
pool_name = ""
root_path = ""
[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
root_path = ""
[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
root_path = ""
upperdir_label = false
[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
root_path = ""
[plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]
endpoint = ""
insecure = false
protocol = ""
[proxy_plugins]
[stream_processors]
[stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
path = "ctd-decoder"
returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"
[stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
path = "ctd-decoder"
returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"
[timeouts]
"io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"
"io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
"io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
"io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
"io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"
[ttrpc]
address = ""
gid = 0
uid = 0
设置开机启动
systemctl restart containerd
systemctl status containerd
containerd就安装好了。