Ubuntu下安装Scala

前言

弄了一下终于成功装上了，这里对此进行一下总结

安装虚拟机

VMware虚拟机安装Ubuntu（超详细图文教程）_vmware安装ubuntu-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43374681/article/details/129248167Download Ubuntu Desktop | Download | Ubuntuhttps://ubuntu.com/download/desktop安装redhat虚拟机_怎么安装redhat的虚拟机-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_64066303/article/details/130287039?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501有了前面安装红帽的经验，我相信Ubuntu的安装是得心应手了。

安装Java

Ubuntu下安装Java_ubuntu安装java-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/JqlScala/article/details/133462691直接可以指令安装

更新所有软件包

sudo apt update

安装默认Java运行时环境（JRE）

 sudo apt install default-jre

安装Java开发工具包（JDK）

 sudo apt install default-jdk

验证是否安装成功

root@feng-virtual-machine:~# java -version
openjdk version "11.0.22" 2024-01-16
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.22+7-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu222.04.1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.22+7-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu222.04.1, mixed mode, sharing)

安装Scala

All Available Versions | The Scala Programming Language (scala-lang.org)https://www.scala-lang.org/download/all.html（Spark）学习进度十五（虚拟机（ubuntu）安装scala和使用） - 细胞何 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)https://www.cnblogs.com/hwh000/p/12310651.html

然后按照他的步骤，解压和配置环境。

添加（/usr/local/scala是自己的安装路径）

export SCALA_HOME=/usr/local/scala
export PATH=${SCALA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

使环境变量生效

source /etc/profile

root@feng-virtual-machine:~# scala -version
Scala code runner version 2.11.8 -- Copyright 2002-2016, LAMP/EPFL

但是结果出现了

root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala# ./bin/scala
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/script/Compilable
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.createInterpreter(ILoop.scala:118)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop$$anonfun$process$1.apply$mcZ$sp(ILoop.scala:911)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop$$anonfun$process$1.apply(ILoop.scala:909)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop$$anonfun$process$1.apply(ILoop.scala:909)
        at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader$.savingContextLoader(ScalaClassLoader.scala:97)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.process(ILoop.scala:909)
        at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.runTarget$1(MainGenericRunner.scala:74)

./bin/scala出错（Exception in thread "main"java. lang . NoClassDefFoundError: javax/script/Compilable）_exception in thread "main" java.lang.noclassdeffou-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_52350007/article/details/120569898推测是版本不兼容的问题，然后我找到了一个选择版本的

JDK Compatibility | Scala Documentation (scala-lang.org)https://docs.scala-lang.org/overviews/jdk-compatibility/overview.html

因为JDK显示是11，之后我安装了2.11.12版本的Scala还是失败了，然后安装3.0.0的没有明显的下载文件，只有一个GitHub的地址。

所以我选择下载2.13.0的版本。

按照同样的方法结果又可以了。

root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/bin# scala
Welcome to Scala 2.13.0 (OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, Java 11.0.22).
Type in expressions for evaluation. Or try :help.

scala> println("Hello World!")
Hello World!

scala> 

虽然是出现了一个警告，但是还是可以运行。

root@feng-virtual-machine:~# cd /usr/local/scala
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala# sudo mkdir mycode
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala# cd ./mycode
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# ls
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# sudo vim HelloWorld.scala
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# ls
HelloWorld.scala
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# scalac HelloWorld.scala
warning: there was one deprecation warning (since 2.13.0); re-run with -deprecation for details
one warning found
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# ls
'HelloWorld$.class'   HelloWorld.class   HelloWorld.scala
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# scala -classpath . HelloWorld
Hello World!
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# ls
'HelloWorld$.class'   HelloWorld.class   HelloWorld.scala
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# cat HelloWorld.scala

object HelloWorld{
  def main(args: Array[String]){
    println("Hello World!")
  }
}
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# 

按要求加上deprecation参数，显示该语法被弃用了。

root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# scalac -deprecation HelloWorld.scala
HelloWorld.scala:3: warning: procedure syntax is deprecated: instead, add `: Unit =` to explicitly declare `main`'s return type
  def main(args: Array[String]){
                               ^
one warning found

按照要求修改之后就可以了,添加` :Unit=`

root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# scalac HelloWorld.scala
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# cat HelloWorld.scala
object HelloWorld{
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit={
    println("Hello World!")
  }
}
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# ls
'HelloWorld$.class'   HelloWorld.class   HelloWorld.scala
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# scala -classpath . HelloWorld
Hello World!
root@feng-virtual-machine:/usr/local/scala/mycode# 

FinalShell

FinalShell官网 (hostbuf.com)https://www.hostbuf.com/这里还有一个软件，感兴趣的小伙伴可以尝试一下，在windows系统下连接Linux的虚拟机。

其中"名称"是自己起，"主机"是用ifconfig指令查看，"端口"默认是22，认证是root，密码就是root的密码。密码不知道可以设置一下。

【ubuntu】设置root用户密码_ubuntu设置root用户密码-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43500200/article/details/131118075我的是inet 192.168.92.130

root@feng-virtual-machine:~# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.92.130  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.92.255
        inet6 fe80::5c97:a5d8:e86f:ce76  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5f:3c:62  txqueuelen 1000  (以太网)
        RX packets 279948  bytes 161217845 (161.2 MB)
        RX errors 42  dropped 42  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 385434  bytes 102925217 (102.9 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        device interrupt 19  base 0x2000  

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (本地环回)
        RX packets 7077  bytes 854481 (854.4 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 7077  bytes 854481 (854.4 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

当然输入密码的时候，密码不会回显。

root@feng-virtual-machine:~# sudo passwd root
新的密码： 
重新输入新的密码： 
passwd：已成功更新密码
root@feng-virtual-machine:~# 

补：

决定还是安装新版的Scala，JDK还是17，Scala选择了3.3.3.

Java Downloads | Oraclehttps://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/#java17

# sudo dpkg -i jdk-17_linux-x64_bin.deb

# java -version

java version "17.0.10" 2024-01-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 17.0.10+11-LTS-240)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.10+11-LTS-240, mixed mode, sharing)
root@feng-virtual-machine:~# 

然后使用了Scala，结果报错了。

scala> println("hello world")
java.io.IOError: java.lang.RuntimeException: /packages cannot be represented as URI
        at java.base/jdk.internal.jrtfs.JrtPath.toUri(JrtPath.java:175)
        at scala.tools.nsc.classpath.JrtClassPath.asURLs(DirectoryClassPath.scala:216)
        at scala.tools.nsc.classpath.AggregateClassPath.$anonfun$asURLs$1(AggregateClassPath.scala:63)
        at scala.collection.StrictOptimizedIterableOps.flatMap(StrictOptimizedIterableOps.scala:118)
        at scala.collection.StrictOptimizedIterableOps.flatMap$(StrictOptimizedIterableOps.scala:105)
        at scala.collection.immutable.Vector.flatMap(Vector.scala:113)
        at scala.tools.nsc.classpath.AggregateClassPath.asURLs(AggregateClassPath.scala:63)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.compilerClasspath(IMain.scala:93)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.makeClassLoader(IMain.scala:352)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.ensureClassLoader(IMain.scala:275)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.classLoader(IMain.scala:278)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.runtimeMirror$lzycompute(IMain.scala:168)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.runtimeMirror(IMain.scala:168)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.$anonfun$getModuleIfDefined$1(IMain.scala:177)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.getModuleIfDefined(IMain.scala:170)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.readRootPath(IMain.scala:289)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$ReadEvalPrint.resolvePathToSymbol(IMain.scala:662)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$Request.resultSymbol$lzycompute(IMain.scala:919)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$Request.resultSymbol(IMain.scala:918)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$Request.typeOf$lzycompute(IMain.scala:930)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$Request.typeOf(IMain.scala:935)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$Request.compile(IMain.scala:897)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.compile(IMain.scala:493)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.interpret(IMain.scala:487)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.interpret(IMain.scala:470)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.shell.ILoop.interpretStartingWith(ILoop.scala:930)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.shell.ILoop.command(ILoop.scala:787)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.shell.ILoop.processLine(ILoop.scala:462)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.shell.ILoop.loop(ILoop.scala:485)
        at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.shell.ILoop.run(ILoop.scala:1019)
        at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.runTarget$1(MainGenericRunner.scala:87)
        at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.run$1(MainGenericRunner.scala:91)
        at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.process(MainGenericRunner.scala:102)
        at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner$.main(MainGenericRunner.scala:107)
        at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.main(MainGenericRunner.scala)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: /packages cannot be represented as URI
        ... 35 more

That entry seems to have slain the compiler.  Shall I replay
your session? I can re-run each line except the last one.
[y/n]

于是按照前面的要求下载的3.3.3版本的Scala。

Release 3.3.3 · lampepfl/dotty (github.com)https://github.com/lampepfl/dotty/releases/tag/3.3.3

# sudo tar -zxvf scala3-3.3.3.tar.gz -C /usr/local

# scala -version
Scala code runner version 3.3.3 -- Copyright 2002-2024, LAMP/EPFL

scala> println("hello world")
hello world