YOLO11改进 | 注意力机制 | 正确的 Self-Attention 与 CNN 融合范式,性能速度全面提升【独家创新】

秋招面试专栏推荐深度学习算法工程师面试问题总结【百面算法工程师】------点击即可跳转


💡💡💡本专栏所有程序均经过测试,可成功执行💡💡💡


卷积和自注意力是两种强大的表征学习技术,它们通常被认为是彼此不同的两种平行方法。ACmix模型通过结合卷积和自注意力的优势,旨在解决卷积神经网络和自注意力模型在表征学习中的各自局限性,提高模型性能。通过这种方式,ACmix在图像识别和下游任务上实现了性能提升。文章在介绍主要的原理后,将手把手教学如何进行模块的代码添加和修改,并将修改后的完整代码放在文章的最后,方便大家一键运行,小白也可轻松上手实践。以帮助您更好地学习深度学习目标检测YOLO系列的挑战。

专栏地址:YOLO11入门 + 改进涨点------点击即可跳转 欢迎订阅

目录

[1. 论文](#1. 论文)

[2. ACmix代码实现](#2. ACmix代码实现)

[2.1 将ACmix添加到YOLO11中](#2.1 将ACmix添加到YOLO11中)

[2.2 更改init.py文件](#2.2 更改init.py文件)

[2.3 添加yaml文件](#2.3 添加yaml文件)

[2.4 在task.py中进行注册](#2.4 在task.py中进行注册)

[2.5 执行程序](#2.5 执行程序)

3.修改后的网络结构图

[4. 完整代码分享](#4. 完整代码分享)

[5. GFLOPs](#5. GFLOPs)

[6. 进阶](#6. 进阶)

7.总结


1. 论文

论文链接:https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.14556.pdf

代码链接:https://github.com/Panxuran/ACmix

预训练模型:models: Models of MindSpore

2. ACmix代码实现

2.1 将ACmix添加到YOLO11中

**关键步骤一:**将下面代码粘贴到在/ultralytics/ultralytics/nn/modules/conv.py中

python 复制代码
import torch.nn.functional as F
import time

def position(H, W, is_cuda=True):
    if is_cuda:
        loc_w = torch.linspace(-1.0, 1.0, W).cuda().unsqueeze(0).repeat(H, 1)
        loc_h = torch.linspace(-1.0, 1.0, H).cuda().unsqueeze(1).repeat(1, W)
    else:
        loc_w = torch.linspace(-1.0, 1.0, W).unsqueeze(0).repeat(H, 1)
        loc_h = torch.linspace(-1.0, 1.0, H).unsqueeze(1).repeat(1, W)
    loc = torch.cat([loc_w.unsqueeze(0), loc_h.unsqueeze(0)], 0).unsqueeze(0)
    return loc


def stride(x, stride):
    b, c, h, w = x.shape
    return x[:, :, ::stride, ::stride]

def init_rate_half(tensor):
    if tensor is not None:
        tensor.data.fill_(0.5)

def init_rate_0(tensor):
    if tensor is not None:
        tensor.data.fill_(0.)

class ACmix(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_planes, kernel_att=7, head=4, kernel_conv=3, stride=1, dilation=1):
        super(ACmix, self).__init__()
        self.in_planes = in_planes
        self.out_planes = in_planes
        self.head = head
        self.kernel_att = kernel_att
        self.kernel_conv = kernel_conv
        self.stride = stride
        self.dilation = dilation
        self.rate1 = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.Tensor(1))
        self.rate2 = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.Tensor(1))
        self.head_dim = self.out_planes // self.head

        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, self.out_planes, kernel_size=1)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, self.out_planes, kernel_size=1)
        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, self.out_planes, kernel_size=1)
        self.conv_p = nn.Conv2d(2, self.head_dim, kernel_size=1)

        self.padding_att = (self.dilation * (self.kernel_att - 1) + 1) // 2
        self.pad_att = torch.nn.ReflectionPad2d(self.padding_att)
        self.unfold = nn.Unfold(kernel_size=self.kernel_att, padding=0, stride=self.stride)
        self.softmax = torch.nn.Softmax(dim=1)

        self.fc = nn.Conv2d(3*self.head, self.kernel_conv * self.kernel_conv, kernel_size=1, bias=False)
        self.dep_conv = nn.Conv2d(self.kernel_conv * self.kernel_conv * self.head_dim, self.out_planes, kernel_size=self.kernel_conv, bias=True, groups=self.head_dim, padding=1, stride=stride)

        self.reset_parameters()
    
    def reset_parameters(self):
        init_rate_half(self.rate1)
        init_rate_half(self.rate2)
        kernel = torch.zeros(self.kernel_conv * self.kernel_conv, self.kernel_conv, self.kernel_conv)
        for i in range(self.kernel_conv * self.kernel_conv):
            kernel[i, i//self.kernel_conv, i%self.kernel_conv] = 1.
        kernel = kernel.squeeze(0).repeat(self.out_planes, 1, 1, 1)
        self.dep_conv.weight = nn.Parameter(data=kernel, requires_grad=True)
        self.dep_conv.bias = init_rate_0(self.dep_conv.bias)

    def forward(self, x):
        q, k, v = self.conv1(x), self.conv2(x), self.conv3(x)
        scaling = float(self.head_dim) ** -0.5
        b, c, h, w = q.shape
        h_out, w_out = h//self.stride, w//self.stride


        # ### att
        # ## positional encoding https://github.com/iscyy/yoloair
        pe = self.conv_p(position(h, w, x.is_cuda))

        q_att = q.view(b*self.head, self.head_dim, h, w) * scaling
        k_att = k.view(b*self.head, self.head_dim, h, w)
        v_att = v.view(b*self.head, self.head_dim, h, w)

        if self.stride > 1:
            q_att = stride(q_att, self.stride)
            q_pe = stride(pe, self.stride)
        else:
            q_pe = pe

        unfold_k = self.unfold(self.pad_att(k_att)).view(b*self.head, self.head_dim, self.kernel_att*self.kernel_att, h_out, w_out) # b*head, head_dim, k_att^2, h_out, w_out
        unfold_rpe = self.unfold(self.pad_att(pe)).view(1, self.head_dim, self.kernel_att*self.kernel_att, h_out, w_out) # 1, head_dim, k_att^2, h_out, w_out
        
        att = (q_att.unsqueeze(2)*(unfold_k + q_pe.unsqueeze(2) - unfold_rpe)).sum(1) # (b*head, head_dim, 1, h_out, w_out) * (b*head, head_dim, k_att^2, h_out, w_out) -> (b*head, k_att^2, h_out, w_out)
        att = self.softmax(att)

        out_att = self.unfold(self.pad_att(v_att)).view(b*self.head, self.head_dim, self.kernel_att*self.kernel_att, h_out, w_out)
        out_att = (att.unsqueeze(1) * out_att).sum(2).view(b, self.out_planes, h_out, w_out)

        ## conv
        f_all = self.fc(torch.cat([q.view(b, self.head, self.head_dim, h*w), k.view(b, self.head, self.head_dim, h*w), v.view(b, self.head, self.head_dim, h*w)], 1))
        f_conv = f_all.permute(0, 2, 1, 3).reshape(x.shape[0], -1, x.shape[-2], x.shape[-1])
        
        out_conv = self.dep_conv(f_conv)

        return self.rate1 * out_att + self.rate2 * out_conv

2.2 更改init.py文件

**关键步骤二:**修改modules文件夹下的__init__.py文件,先导入函数

然后在下面的__all__中声明函数

2.3 添加yaml文件

**关键步骤三:**在/ultralytics/ultralytics/cfg/models/11下面新建文件yolo11_ACmix.yaml文件,粘贴下面的内容

  • 目标检测
python 复制代码
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
  m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs

# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
  - [-1, 1, ACmix, [1024]] # 9
  - [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10

# YOLO11n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 11], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)

  - [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  • 语义分割
python 复制代码
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
  m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs

# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
  - [-1, 1, ACmix, [1024]] # 9
  - [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10

# YOLO11n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 11], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)

  - [[17, 20, 23], 1, Segment, [nc, 32, 256]] # Segment(P3, P4, P5)
  • 旋转目标检测
python 复制代码
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
  m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs

# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
  - [-1, 1, ACmix, [1024]] # 9
  - [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10

# YOLO11n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 11], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)

  - [[17, 20, 23], 1, OBB, [nc, 1]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

温馨提示:本文只是对yolo11基础上添加模块,如果要对yolo11n/l/m/x进行添加则只需要指定对应的depth_multiple 和 width_multiple


python 复制代码
# YOLO11n
depth_multiple: 0.50  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.25  # layer channel multiple
max_channel:1024
 
# YOLO11s
depth_multiple: 0.50  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50  # layer channel multiple
max_channel:1024
 
# YOLO11m
depth_multiple: 0.50  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.00  # layer channel multiple
max_channel:512
 
# YOLO11l 
depth_multiple: 1.00  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.00  # layer channel multiple
max_channel:512 
 
# YOLO11x
depth_multiple: 1.00  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.50 # layer channel multiple
max_channel:512

2.4 在task.py中进行注册

**关键步骤四:**在parse_model函数中进行注册,添加ACmix,

先在task.py导入函数

然后在task.py文件下找到parse_model这个函数,如下图,添加ACmix

python 复制代码
elif m in [ACmix,]:
            c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]
            if c2 != nc:  # if not output
                c2 = make_divisible(c2 * width, 8)
            args = [c1, *args[1:]]

2.5 执行程序

关键步骤五: 在ultralytics文件中新建train.py,将model的参数路径设置为yolo11_ACmix.yaml的路径即可

python 复制代码
from ultralytics import YOLO
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
from pathlib import Path
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
 
    # 加载模型
    model = YOLO("ultralytics/cfg/11/yolo11.yaml")  # 你要选择的模型yaml文件地址
    # Use the model
    results = model.train(data=r"你的数据集的yaml文件地址",
                          epochs=100, batch=16, imgsz=640, workers=4, name=Path(model.cfg).stem)  # 训练模型

🚀运行程序,如果出现下面的内容则说明添加成功🚀

python 复制代码
  from  n    params  module                                       arguments
  0                  -1  1       464  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [3, 16, 3, 2]
  1                  -1  1      4672  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [16, 32, 3, 2]
  2                  -1  1      6640  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [32, 64, 1, False, 0.25]
  3                  -1  1     36992  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [64, 64, 3, 2]
  4                  -1  1     26080  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [64, 128, 1, False, 0.25]
  5                  -1  1    147712  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [128, 128, 3, 2]
  6                  -1  1     87040  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [128, 128, 1, True]
  7                  -1  1    295424  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [128, 256, 3, 2]
  8                  -1  1    346112  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [256, 256, 1, True]
  9                  -1  1    164608  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.SPPF            [256, 256, 5]
 10                  -1  1    218414  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.ACmix           [256]
 11                  -1  1    249728  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C2PSA           [256, 256, 1]
 12                  -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample         [None, 2, 'nearest']
 13             [-1, 6]  1         0  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat           [1]
 14                  -1  1    111296  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [384, 128, 1, False]
 15                  -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample         [None, 2, 'nearest']
 16             [-1, 4]  1         0  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat           [1]
 17                  -1  1     32096  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [256, 64, 1, False]
 18                  -1  1     36992  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [64, 64, 3, 2]
 19            [-1, 14]  1         0  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat           [1]
 20                  -1  1     86720  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [192, 128, 1, False]
 21                  -1  1    147712  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [128, 128, 3, 2]
 22            [-1, 11]  1         0  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat           [1]
 23                  -1  1    378880  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [384, 256, 1, True]
 24        [17, 20, 23]  1    464912  ultralytics.nn.modules.head.Detect           [80, [64, 128, 256]]
YOLO11_ACmix summary: 329 layers, 2,842,494 parameters, 2,842,478 gradients, 6.8 GFLOPs

报错解决指南:

python 复制代码
RuntimeError: Input type (float) and bias type (c10::Half) should be the same

在/ultralytics/ultralytics/engine/validator.py中的116行处添加下面代码即可

python 复制代码
self.args.half = False

3.修改后的网络结构图

4. 完整代码分享

++这个后期补充吧~,先按照步骤来即可++

5. GFLOPs

关于GFLOPs的计算方式可以查看百面算法工程师 | 卷积基础知识------Convolution

未改进的YOLO11n GFLOPs

改进后的GFLOPs

6. 进阶

可以与其他的注意力机制或者损失函数等结合,进一步提升检测效果

7.总结

通过以上的改进方法,我们成功提升了模型的表现。这只是一个开始,未来还有更多优化和技术深挖的空间。在这里,我想隆重向大家推荐我的专栏------《YOLO11改进有效涨点》。这个专栏专注于前沿的深度学习技术,特别是目标检测领域的最新进展,不仅包含对YOLO11的深入解析和改进策略,还会定期更新来自各大顶会(如CVPR、NeurIPS等)的论文复现和实战分享。

为什么订阅我的专栏? ------《YOLO11改进有效涨点》

  1. 前沿技术解读:专栏不仅限于YOLO系列的改进,还会涵盖各类主流与新兴网络的最新研究成果,帮助你紧跟技术潮流。

  2. 详尽的实践分享 :所有内容实践性也极强。每次更新都会附带代码和具体的改进步骤,保证每位读者都能迅速上手。

  3. 问题互动与答疑 :订阅我的专栏后,你将可以随时向我提问,获取及时的答疑

  4. 实时更新,紧跟行业动态:不定期发布来自全球顶会的最新研究方向和复现实验报告,让你时刻走在技术前沿。

专栏适合人群:

  • 对目标检测、YOLO系列网络有深厚兴趣的同学

  • 希望在用YOLO算法写论文的同学

  • 对YOLO算法感兴趣的同学等

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