搭建LLaMA-Factory环境

一、下载LLaMA-Factory源代码

使用以下命令，下载源代码：

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git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/hiyouga/LLaMA-Factory.git

或者直接点击【LLaMA-Factory】下载源代码。

二、确定依赖的python版本

下载后进入LLaMA-Factory目录，查看README_zh.md文件，找到关键字"python"，确定要安装的python版本，如下所示：

根据以上信息，我们这里需要安装python 3.10。

三、python 3.10环境准备与依赖安装

1.更新系统与开发工具

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sudo yum update -y
sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
sudo yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel \
readline-devel tk-devel libffi-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel expat-devel

作用：安装编译 Python 所需的依赖库。若缺少依赖可能导致 _ctypes、_ssl 等模块编译失败

2.检查 OpenSSL 版本

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openssl version

若版本低于 1.1.1，需手动升级（Python 3.10 要求 OpenSSL ≥1.1.1）：

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wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1k.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1k.tar.gz && cd openssl-1.1.1k
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl shared zlib
make && sudo make install
# 配置系统使用新版本
echo "/usr/local/openssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig -v
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl

升级后重新验证 openssl version 是否显示新版本，例如：

四、编译安装 Python 3.10

1.下载源码并解压

执行以下命令进行下载解压

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wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.0/Python-3.10.0.tgz
tar -zxvf Python-3.10.0.tgz && cd Python-3.10.0

或者点击【Python-3.10.0】进行下载并解压。

2.配置编译参数

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./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.10 --enable-optimizations --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl --with-ssl-default-suites=openssl

关键参数说明：

--with-openssl：指定自定义 OpenSSL 路径（避免 SSL module 缺失）。
--enable-optimizations：优化编译性能，若编译失败可去掉此参数。

3.编译与安装

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make -j $(nproc) && sudo make altinstall

使用 altinstall 而非 install：避免覆盖系统默认 Python 2.7。

4.验证安装

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/usr/local/python3.10/bin/python3.10 --version  # 应输出 Python 3.10.x
/usr/local/python3.10/bin/python3.10 -c "import ssl; print(ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION)"  # 验证 SSL 模块

五、Python3.10环境配置

1.设置全局软链接

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sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.10/bin/python3.10 /usr/bin/python3
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.10/bin/pip3.10 /usr/bin/pip3

2.配置环境变量

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echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python3.10/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

3.修复 yum 工具冲突

修改 /usr/bin/yum 和 /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down 文件，将 #!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2，以解决因 Python 3 导致 yum 失效的问题。

六、python3.10安装常见错误及解决方法

1.zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available

原因：缺少 zlib-devel 库。

解决：

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sudo yum install -y zlib-devel
# 重新编译 Python

2.ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'

原因：未安装 libffi-devel。

解决：

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sudo yum install -y libffi-devel
# 重新编译 Python

3.SSL module is not available 或 pip 证书验证失败

原因：Python 未正确链接 OpenSSL。

解决：确认编译时指定 --with-openssl 路径。

若仍报错，手动修改 Modules/Setup 文件，添加以下内容后重新编译：

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SSL=/usr/local/openssl
_ssl _ssl.c -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

4.动态库缺失（如 libssl.so.1.1）

解决：

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ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.1
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libcrypto.so.1.1 /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.1.1
ldconfig -v

5.make altinstall 后无 pip3

原因：altinstall 不会自动创建 pip 软链接。

解决：手动创建软链接或通过 python3 -m ensurepip 安装。

七、优化pip配置源

1.配置国内 pip 源

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mkdir -p ~/.pip && cat > ~/.pip/pip.conf << EOF
[global]
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com
EOF

2.更新 pip 与 setuptools

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pip3 install --upgrade pip setuptools

CentOS 7.9 安装 Python 3.10 的核心在于 OpenSSL 升级和依赖完整性检查。若遇到编译错误，优先检查依赖库是否齐全，并通过环境变量和编译参数确保 Python 正确链接所需组件。

八、编译安装LLaMA-Factory

方法1：使用pip3直接安装

执行以下命令进行安装

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cd LLaMA-Factory
pip3 install .

如果提示以下错误时：

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ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 173, in _main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 203, in wrapper
    return func(self, options, args)
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 266, in run
    session = self.get_default_session(options)
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 74, in get_default_session
    self._session = self.enter_context(self._build_session(options))
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 88, in _build_session
    session = PipSession(
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py", line 289, in __init__
    self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py", line 132, in user_agent
    linux_distribution = distro.linux_distribution()  # type: ignore
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 125, in linux_distribution
    return _distro.linux_distribution(full_distribution_name)
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 681, in linux_distribution
    self.version(),
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 741, in version
    self.lsb_release_attr('release'),
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 903, in lsb_release_attr
    return self._lsb_release_info.get(attribute, '')
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 556, in __get__
    ret = obj.__dict__[self._fname] = self._f(obj)
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 1014, in _lsb_release_info
    stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=devnull)
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 420, in check_output
    return run(*popenargs, stdout=PIPE, timeout=timeout, check=True,
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 524, in run
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '('lsb_release', '-a')' returned non-zero exit status 1.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/pip3", line 8, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 70, in main
    return command.main(cmd_args)
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 98, in main
    return self._main(args)
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 214, in _main
    self.handle_pip_version_check(options)
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 143, in handle_pip_version_check
    session = self._build_session(
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 88, in _build_session
    session = PipSession(
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py", line 289, in __init__
    self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py", line 132, in user_agent
    linux_distribution = distro.linux_distribution()  # type: ignore
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 125, in linux_distribution
    return _distro.linux_distribution(full_distribution_name)
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 681, in linux_distribution
    self.version(),
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 741, in version
    self.lsb_release_attr('release'),
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 903, in lsb_release_attr
    return self._lsb_release_info.get(attribute, '')
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 556, in __get__
    ret = obj.__dict__[self._fname] = self._f(obj)
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 1014, in _lsb_release_info
    stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=devnull)
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 420, in check_output
    return run(*popenargs, stdout=PIPE, timeout=timeout, check=True,
  File "/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 524, in run
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '('lsb_release', '-a')' returned non-zero exit status 1.

需要确认python3是否能正确访问lsb_release.py文件，解决方法如下：

1.首先，确认执行以下命令确保已安装了lsb_release。

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lsb_release -a

如果提示命令不存在，执行以下命令进行安装：

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lsb-release

如果需要先卸载，可以先执行以下命令：

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sudo apt-get purge lsb-release
sudo apt-get autoremove

2.再次确认lsb_release是否已安装，如果提示下面这个错误：

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# lsb_release -a
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/lsb_release", line 25, in <module>
    import lsb_release
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'lsb_release'

则需要确认python3的环境中是否能找到lsb_release.py文件。

3.确认lsb_release.py是否存在，可以使用以下命令搜索：

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locate lsb_release.py

如果没有，则可以用以下代码创建一个：

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# 创建必要的目录和文件
sudo mkdir -p /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/lsb_release.py

# 创建基本的 lsb_release 模块
sudo tee /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/lsb_release.py > /dev/null << 'EOF'
#!/usr/bin/python3

def lsb_release():
    return {
        'id': 'Linux',
        'description': 'Generic Linux',
        'release': '0.0',
        'codename': 'n/a'
    }

if __name__ == "__main__":
    info = lsb_release()
    print("LSB Version:\tn/a")
    print("Distributor ID:\t{}".format(info['id']))
    print("Description:\t{}".format(info['description']))
    print("Release:\t{}".format(info['release']))
    print("Codename:\t{}".format(info['codename']))
EOF

4.使用以下命令，确认python3加载默认python文件的路径

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python3 -c "import sys; print('\n'.join(sys.path))"

例如，返回以下目录：

这里，我们挑选其中的/usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages目录作为lsb_release.py文件的存放目录即可。此时，如果其它目录有现成的lsb_release.py文件，则只需要用以下命令创建个软链接即可，例如：

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ln -s /usr/share/pyshared/lsb_release.py /usr/local/python3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/lsb_release.py

如果没有现成的，则只需要把第3步自己创建的lsb_release.py文件链接到该目录下即可。

5.验证解决结果，如果能返回以下信息，则表示问题已解决。

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root@da:/mnt/workspace# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS
Release:        22.04
Codename:       jammy
root@da:/mnt/workspace#

方法2：使用uv快速安装

执行以下命令进行安装

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cd LLaMA-Factory
uv  pip install . --system

等待一段时间后，将会看到并行下载线程和安装过程。