k8s集群部署Prometheus和Grafana

k8s集群部署Prometheus和Grafana

• 一、部署node-exporter
• • （一）创建命名空间
  • （二）部署node-exporter
• 二、部署Prometheus
• • （一）创建账号并授权
  • （二）创建configmap存储卷
  • （三）部署prometheus
  • （四）创建svc
• 三、部署Grafana
• • （一）准备镜像
  • （二）创建Grafana的pod资源
  • （三）创建Grafana的svc资源
  • （四）访问Grafana
• 四、部署kube-state-metrics
• • （一）部署kube-state-metrics

一、部署node-exporter

（一）创建命名空间

kubectl create ns monitor-sa

（二）部署node-exporter

1. 获取镜像

这里采用私服的方式进行镜像的pull和push操作。如不会搭建Harbor私服请参考另一篇文章k8s部署EFK日志管理系统

docker pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/prom/node-exporter:v0.16.0
docker tag  swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/prom/node-exporter:v0.16.0  192.168.224.130/library/node-exporter:v0.16.0
docker login -u admin(Harbor账号) -p Harbor12345(Harbor密码) 192.168.224.130(Harbor IP地址)
docker push 192.168.224.130/library/node-exporter:v0.16.0

2. 定义yaml文件

使用yaml文件，以DaemonSet副本控制器，在每个节点上部署node-exporter

vim node-export.yaml

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet				#可以保证 k8s 集群的每个节点都运行完全一样的 pod
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: monitor-sa
  labels:
    name: node-exporter
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
     name: node-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: node-exporter
    spec:
      hostPID: true                        #允许Pod使用宿主机的 PID
      hostIPC: true                        #允许Pod使用宿主机的IPC
      hostNetwork: true                    #允许Pod使用宿主机的网络命名空间
      containers:
      - name: node-exporter
        image: 192.168.224.130/library/node-exporter:v0.16.0  #指定镜像（这里需要修改成自己私服地址）
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100              #指定容器暴露端口
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 0.15		               #这个容器运行至少需要0.15核cpu
        securityContext:
          privileged: true	               #开启特权模式
        args:                              #传递给容器的命令行参数
        - --path.procfs
        - /host/proc
        - --path.sysfs
        - /host/sys
        - --collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points
        - '"^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($|/)"'
        volumeMounts:                      #定义了容器内挂载卷的路径
        - name: dev
          mountPath: /host/dev
        - name: proc
          mountPath: /host/proc
        - name: sys
          mountPath: /host/sys
        - name: rootfs
          mountPath: /rootfs
      tolerations:
      - key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane"
        operator: "Exists"
        effect: "NoSchedule"
      volumes:                             #定义了 Pod 中要使用的卷
        - name: proc
          hostPath:
            path: /proc
        - name: dev
          hostPath:
            path: /dev
        - name: sys
          hostPath:
            path: /sys
        - name: rootfs
          hostPath:
            path: /

镜像拉取需要改成自己搭建的私服地址

3. 创建服务

kubectl apply -f node-export.yaml

kubectl get pod -n monitor-sa -o wide

每个节点都运行一个node-exporter

二、部署Prometheus

（一）创建账号并授权

创建一个管理账号，并绑定admin用户，admin用户拥有所有资源的所有权限

kubectl create serviceaccount monitor -n monitor-sa
kubectl create clusterrolebinding monitor-clusterrolebinding -n monitor-sa --clusterrole=cluster-admin  --serviceaccount=monitor-sa:monitor

（二）创建configmap存储卷

vim prometheus-cfg.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: monitor-sa
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:                     #指定prometheus的全局配置，比如采集间隔，抓取超时时间等
      scrape_interval: 15s      #采集目标主机监控数据的时间间隔，默认为1m
      scrape_timeout: 10s       #数据采集超时时间，默认10s
      evaluation_interval: 1m 	#触发告警生成alert的时间间隔，默认是1m
    scrape_configs:             #配置数据源，称为target，每个target用job_name命名。
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:    #指定的是k8s的服务发现
      - role: node              #使用node角色，它使用默认的kubelet提供的http端口来发现集群中每个node节点
      relabel_configs:	        #重新标记，修改目标地址
      - source_labels: [__address__]    #配置的原始标签，匹配地址
        regex: '(.*):10250'             #匹配带有10250端口的url
        replacement: '${1}:9100'        #把匹配到的ip:10250的ip保留，类似与sed的后向引用
        target_label: __address__       #新生成的url是${1}获取到的ip:9100
        action: replace         
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+) 
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node-cadvisor'    
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role:  node
      scheme: https   #定义了与cAdvisor服务通信时使用HTTPS协议
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt  #CA证书文件的路径
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token 
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap    #把匹配到的标签保留
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)    #保留匹配到的具有__meta_kubernetes_node_label的标签
      - target_label: __address__               
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443    
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)                                 #把原始标签中__meta_kubernetes_node_name值匹配到
        target_label: __metrics_path__              #获取__metrics_path__对应的值
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints   
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name] 
        action: keep 
        regex: default;kubernetes;https 
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap   
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace 
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name

创建服务

kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml 

kubectl get configmaps -n monitor-sa 

（三）部署prometheus

拉取镜像

这里采用私服的方式进行镜像的pull和push操作。如不会搭建Harbor私服请参考另一篇文章k8s部署EFK日志管理系统

docker pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/prom/prometheus:v2.52.0
docker tag  swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/prom/prometheus:v2.52.0  192.168.224.130/library/prometheus:v2.52.0
docker login -u admin(Harbor账号) -p Harbor12345(Harbor密码) 192.168.224.130(Harbor IP地址)
docker push 192.168.224.130/library/prometheus:v2.52.0

定义yaml文件

vim prometheus-deploy.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus-server   #部署的名称
  namespace: monitor-sa     #指定命名空间
  labels:
    app: prometheus
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
      component: server
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
        component: server
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'  #Pod的注解，表示Prometheus不从此端点抓取数据
    spec:
      nodeName: node01                 #指定Pod应调度到的节点名称
      serviceAccountName: monitor      #指定Pod使用的ServiceAccount的名称
      containers:
      - name: prometheus
        image: 192.168.224.130/library/prometheus:v2.52.0  #要使用的容器镜像和标签
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command:
          - prometheus                 #启动命令
          - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml   #指定加载的配置文件
          - --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus                #数据存储目录
          - --storage.tsdb.retention=720h                  #数据保存时长
          - --web.enable-lifecycle                         #开启热加载
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
          name: prometheus-config
          subPath: prometheus.yml
        - mountPath: /prometheus/
          name: prometheus-storage-volume
      volumes:
        - name: prometheus-config
          configMap:                                     #指定挂载的configMap资源
            name: prometheus-config
            items:
              - key: prometheus.yml
                path: prometheus.yml
                mode: 0644
        - name: prometheus-storage-volume
          hostPath:
           path: /data
           type: Directory

镜像需要改成自己的私服地址。

在node1节点创建挂载目录

[root@node1 ~]#mkdir /data && chmod 777 /data

创建服务

kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml

kubectl get pod -o wide -n monitor-sa 

（四）创建svc

vim prometheus-svc.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: monitor-sa
  labels:
    app: prometheus
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 9090
      targetPort: 9090
      protocol: TCP
      nodePort: 31000
  selector:
    app: prometheus
    component: server

kubectl apply -f prometheus-svc.yaml 

kubectl get svc -n monitor-sa

使用web浏览器访问节点的31000端口

点击Targets查看加入监控的服务。

三、部署Grafana

（一）准备镜像

这里采用私服的方式进行镜像的pull和push操作。如不会搭建Harbor私服请参考另一篇文章k8s部署EFK日志管理系统

docker pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/grafana/grafana:7.3.7
docker tag swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/grafana/grafana:7.3.7  192.168.224.130/library/grafana:7.3.7
docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 192.168.224.130
docker push 192.168.224.130/library/grafana:7.3.7

（二）创建Grafana的pod资源

vim grafana.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: monitoring-grafana
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      task: monitoring
      k8s-app: grafana
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        task: monitoring
        k8s-app: grafana
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        image: grafana/grafana:5.0.4
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:                     #定义了如何挂载卷到容器中
        - mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
          name: ca-certificates
          readOnly: true
        - mountPath: /var/lib/grafana/
          name: grafana-storage
        env:                               #定义容器内的环境变量
        - name: INFLUXDB_HOST
          value: monitoring-influxdb
#指定了Grafana连接到的InfluxDB数据库的主机名或IP地址
        - name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
          value: "3000"
#指定了Grafana HTTP服务器监听的端口
        - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
          value: "false"
#用于启用或禁用Grafana的基本认证，false表示禁用
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
          value: "true"
#用于启用或禁用Grafana的匿名访问，true表示启用
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          value: Admin
#当匿名访问被启用时，这个环境变量定义了匿名用户所拥有的组织角色，Admin表示具有管理员权限
        - name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
          value: /
#定义了Grafana服务器的根URL
      volumes:                              #定义了要挂载到Pod中的卷
      - name: ca-certificates
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/ssl/certs
      - name: grafana-storage
        emptyDir: {}

创建资源

kubectl apply -f grafana.yaml

（三）创建Grafana的svc资源

vim grafana-service.yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
    kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafana
  name: monitoring-grafana
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 3000
  selector:
    k8s-app: grafana
  type: NodePort
[root@master01 prometheus]#
service/monitoring-grafana created

kubectl apply -f grafana-service.yaml 

kubectl get svc monitoring-grafana -n kube-system 

（四）访问Grafana

1. 登录grafana

浏览器访问http://192.168.224.130:31860，登陆 grafana

默认账号admin，密码admin

2. 配置grafana
   
   配置数据源Prometheus 。

【Name】设置成 Prometheus

【Type】选择 Prometheus 【URL】设置成 http://10.102.14.76:9090

#使用service的集群内部端口配置服务端地址,kubectl get svc -n monitor-sa查看

点击 【Save & Test】

3. 导入监控模板

官方链接：https://grafana.com/dashboards?dataSource=prometheus\&search=kubernetes

选择适合的面板，点击 Copy ID 或者 Download JSON

3.1 导入监控模板

监控状态

点击左侧+号选择【Import】

点击【Upload .json File】导入下载的模板文件

【Prometheus】选择 Prometheus

点击【Import】

可以在监控模板中挑选适合的进行导入。

四、部署kube-state-metrics

kube-state-metrics是一个Kubernetes集群中的重要组件，它的主要作用是收集和暴露Kubernetes资源的状态指标，以便于监控和分析

（一）部署kube-state-metrics

1. 创建sa账号并授权
   创建serviceaccount用户账号，并授予指定组的权限，使其对k8s资源有管理的权限，能够收集到资源信息

vim kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
---
#创建集群角色，并指定角色权限
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes", "pods", "services", "resourcequotas", "replicationcontrollers", "limitranges", "persistentvolumeclaims", "persistentvolumes", "namespaces", "endpoints"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
  resources: ["daemonsets", "deployments", "replicasets"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["apps"]
  resources: ["statefulsets"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["batch"]
  resources: ["cronjobs", "jobs"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["autoscaling"]
  resources: ["horizontalpodautoscalers"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
---
#对用户与集群角色进行绑定，使创建的用户有一定的权限去管理，并获取资源信息
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system

创建并查看信息

kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml

kubectl get sa kube-state-metrics -n kube-system 

kubectl get clusterrolebindings kube-state-metrics -n kube-system

2. 安装kube-state-metrics组件
   拉取镜像

这里采用私服的方式进行镜像的pull和push操作。如不会搭建Harbor私服请参考另一篇文章k8s部署EFK日志管理系统

docker pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.7
docker tag  swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.7  192.168.224.130/library/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.7
docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 192.168.224.130
docker push 192.168.224.130/library/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.7

创建服务

vim kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: kube-state-metrics
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kube-state-metrics
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
      containers:
      - name: kube-state-metrics
        image: quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080

kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml

3. 创建service资源

vim  kube-state-metrics-svc.yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'   #注解信息，表示从此端点抓取数据
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
  ports:
  - name: kube-state-metrics
    port: 8080
    protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: kube-state-metrics

kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-svc.yaml 

kubectl get svc kube-state-metrics -o wide -n kube-system