1.Debug位置
s03_todo_write.py#172 #193
python
def agent_loop(messages: list):
rounds_since_todo = 0
while True:
# Nag reminder is injected below, alongside tool results
response = client.messages.create(
model=MODEL, system=SYSTEM, messages=messages,
tools=TOOLS, max_tokens=8000,
)
print("assistant response:", response.to_json())
messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": [b.to_dict() for b in response.content]})
if response.stop_reason != "tool_use":
return
results = []
used_todo = False
for block in response.content:
if block.type == "tool_use":
handler = TOOL_HANDLERS.get(block.name)
try:
output = handler(**block.input) if handler else f"Unknown tool: {block.name}"
except Exception as e:
output = f"Error: {e}"
print(f"> {block.name}: {str(output)[:200]}")
results.append({"type": "tool_result", "tool_use_id": block.id, "content": str(output)})
if block.name == "todo":
used_todo = True
rounds_since_todo = 0 if used_todo else rounds_since_todo + 1
if rounds_since_todo >= 3:
results.insert(0, {"type": "text", "text": "<reminder>Update your todos.</reminder>"})
messages.append({"role": "user", "content": results})
print("messages:", json.dumps(messages, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))2.Plan Before You Act 行动前先计划
An agent without a plan drifts; list the steps first, then execute
没有计划的代理会迷失方向；先列出步骤，再执行
"没有计划的 agent 走哪算哪" -- 先列步骤再动手, 完成率翻倍。
Harness 层: 规划 -- 让模型不偏航, 但不替它画航线。3.问题
多步任务中, 模型会丢失进度 -- 重复做过的事、跳步、跑偏。对话越长越严重: 工具结果不断填满上下文, 系统提示的影响力逐渐被稀释。一个 10 步重构可能做完 1-3 步就开始即兴发挥, 因为 4-10 步已经被挤出注意力了。
4.设计决策
- 通过 TodoWrite 让计划可见
我们不让模型在思维链中默默规划，而是强制通过 TodoWrite 工具将计划外化。每个计划项都有可追踪的状态（pending、in_progress、completed）。这有三个好处：(1) 用户可以在执行前看到 agent 打算做什么；(2) 开发者可以通过检查计划状态来调试 agent 行为；(3) agent 自身可以在后续轮次中引用计划，即使早期上下文已经滚出窗口。
该模型可以通过思维链推理进行内部规划（就像 v0/v1 版本那样）。内部规划虽然有效，但不可见且转瞬即逝------一旦思考内容超出上下文范围，计划就会丢失。Claude 的扩展思考是另一种选择，但用户或下游工具都无法对其进行检查。
- 同一时间只允许一个任务进行中
TodoWrite 工具强制要求任何时候最多只能有一个任务处于 in_progress 状态。如果模型想开始第二个任务，必须先完成或放弃当前任务。这个约束防止了一种隐蔽的失败模式：试图通过交替处理多个项目来'多任务'的模型，往往会丢失状态并产出半成品。顺序执行的专注度远高于并行切换。
允许多个进行中的项目将使代理能够在任务之间切换上下文，这看起来更灵活。在实践中，LLMs 处理上下文切换效果不佳------它们会失去对正在处理哪个任务的追踪，并在任务之间混淆细节。单一焦点约束是一个安全措施，可以提高输出质量。
- 计划项上限为 20 条
TodoWrite 将计划项限制在 20 条以内。这是对过度规划的刻意约束。不加限制时，模型倾向于将任务分解成越来越细粒度的步骤，产出 50 条的计划，每一步都微不足道。冗长的计划很脆弱：如果第 15 步失败，剩下的 35 步可能全部作废。20 条以内的短计划保持在正确的抽象层级，更容易在现实偏离计划时做出调整。
没有任何上限能赋予模型完全的灵活性，但在实践中会导致计划过于详细。一个动态上限（与任务复杂度成正比）会更聪明，但会增加复杂性。20 的固定上限是一个简单的启发式方法，在实践中效果很好------大多数实际编程任务都可以用 5-15 个有意义的步骤来表达。
5.解决方案
markdown
+--------+ +-------+ +---------+
| User | ---> | LLM | ---> | Tools |
| prompt | | | | + todo |
+--------+ +---+---+ +----+----+
^ |
| tool_result |
+----------------+
|
+-----------+-----------+
| TodoManager state |
| [ ] task A |
| [>] task B <- doing |
| [x] task C |
+-----------------------+
|
if rounds_since_todo >= 3:
inject <reminder> into tool_result6.工作原理
- TodoManager 存储带状态的项目。同一时间只允许一个
in_progress。
python
class TodoManager:
def __init__(self):
self.items = []
def update(self, items: list) -> str:
if len(items) > 20:
raise ValueError("Max 20 todos allowed")
validated = []
in_progress_count = 0
for i, item in enumerate(items):
text = str(item.get("text", "")).strip()
status = str(item.get("status", "pending")).lower()
item_id = str(item.get("id", str(i + 1)))
if not text:
raise ValueError(f"Item {item_id}: text required")
if status not in ("pending", "in_progress", "completed"):
raise ValueError(f"Item {item_id}: invalid status '{status}'")
if status == "in_progress":
in_progress_count += 1
validated.append({"id": item_id, "text": text, "status": status})
if in_progress_count > 1:
raise ValueError("Only one task can be in_progress at a time")
self.items = validated
return self.render()- todo 工具和其他工具一样加入 dispatch map。
python
TOOL_HANDLERS = {
# ...base tools...
"todo": lambda **kw: TODO.update(kw["items"]),
}- nag reminder: 模型连续 3 轮以上不调用 todo 时注入提醒。
python
rounds_since_todo = 0 if used_todo else rounds_since_todo + 1
if rounds_since_todo >= 3:
results.insert(0, {"type": "text", "text": "<reminder>Update your todos.</reminder>"})"同时只能有一个 in_progress" 强制顺序聚焦。nag reminder 制造问责压力 -- 你不更新计划, 系统就追着你问。
7.相对 s02 的变更
| 组件 | 之前 (s02) | 之后 (s03) |
|---|---|---|
| Tools 工具 | 4 | 5 (+todo) |
| 规划 | 无 | 带状态的 TodoManager |
| Nag 注入 | 无 | 3 轮后注入 <reminder> |
| Agent loop 代理循环 | 简单分发 | + rounds_since_todo 计数器 |
8.试一试
bash
cd learn-claude-code
python agents/s03_todo_write.py试试这些 prompt (英文 prompt 对 LLM 效果更好, 也可以用中文):
- Build a CLI calculator that supports add, subtract, multiply, divide
- Refactor the file hello.py: add type hints, docstrings, and a main guard
- Create a Python package with init.py, utils.py, and tests/test_utils.py
- Review all Python files and fix any style issues
9.示例
9.1 Build a CLI calculator that supports add, subtract, multiply, divide
构建一个支持加、减、乘、除功能的命令行计算器
- assistant request:
一个需要规划的多步骤任务
python
from agents.s03_todo_write import TOOLS
request = {
"max_tokens": 8000,
"messages": [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Build a CLI calculator that supports add, subtract, multiply, divide"
}
],
"model": "aws-claude-sonnet-4-6",
"system": "You are a coding agent at /home/xiangli/SourceCode/learn-claude-code.\nUse the todo tool to plan multi-step tasks. Mark in_progress before starting, completed when done.\nPrefer tools over prose.",
"tools": TOOLS
}- assistant response:
TodoManager 在编写任何代码之前创建一个可见的计划
json
{
"id": "msg_bdrk_01QBPfmgrwvhe7PbYpryvazQ",
"content": [
{
"id": "toolu_bdrk_01F5aKghGkszNFjwfw5JXv3S",
"input": {
"items": [
{
"id": "1",
"text": "Plan project structure",
"status": "completed"
},
{
"id": "2",
"text": "Create calculator logic (calculator.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "3",
"text": "Create CLI entry point (index.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "4",
"text": "Create package.json",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "5",
"text": "Test the CLI calculator",
"status": "pending"
}
]
},
"name": "todo",
"type": "tool_use"
}
],
"model": "claude-sonnet-4-6",
"role": "assistant",
"stop_reason": "tool_use",
"type": "message",
"usage": {
"cache_creation": {
"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens": 0,
"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens": 0
},
"cache_creation_input_tokens": 0,
"cache_read_input_tokens": 0,
"input_tokens": 960,
"output_tokens": 175
}
}todo: [x] #1: Plan project structure
\] #2: Create calculator logic (calculator.js) \[ \] #3: Create CLI entry point (index.js) \[ \] #4: Create package.json \[ \] #5: Test the CLI calculator
(1/5 completed)
messages:
json
[
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Build a CLI calculator that supports add, subtract, multiply, divide"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": [
{
"id": "toolu_bdrk_01F5aKghGkszNFjwfw5JXv3S",
"input": {
"items": [
{
"id": "1",
"text": "Plan project structure",
"status": "completed"
},
{
"id": "2",
"text": "Create calculator logic (calculator.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "3",
"text": "Create CLI entry point (index.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "4",
"text": "Create package.json",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "5",
"text": "Test the CLI calculator",
"status": "pending"
}
]
},
"name": "todo",
"type": "tool_use"
}
]
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": [
{
"type": "tool_result",
"tool_use_id": "toolu_bdrk_01F5aKghGkszNFjwfw5JXv3S",
"content": "[x] #1: Plan project structure\n[ ] #2: Create calculator logic (calculator.js)\n[ ] #3: Create CLI entry point (index.js)\n[ ] #4: Create package.json\n[ ] #5: Test the CLI calculator\n\n(1/5 completed)"
}
]
}
]assistant request:
python
from agents.s03_todo_write import TOOLS
request = {
"max_tokens": 8000,
"messages": [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Build a CLI calculator that supports add, subtract, multiply, divide"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": [
{
"id": "toolu_bdrk_01F5aKghGkszNFjwfw5JXv3S",
"input": {
"items": [
{
"id": "1",
"text": "Plan project structure",
"status": "completed"
},
{
"id": "2",
"text": "Create calculator logic (calculator.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "3",
"text": "Create CLI entry point (index.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "4",
"text": "Create package.json",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "5",
"text": "Test the CLI calculator",
"status": "pending"
}
]
},
"name": "todo",
"type": "tool_use"
}
]
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": [
{
"type": "tool_result",
"tool_use_id": "toolu_bdrk_01F5aKghGkszNFjwfw5JXv3S",
"content": "[x] #1: Plan project structure\n[ ] #2: Create calculator logic (calculator.js)\n[ ] #3: Create CLI entry point (index.js)\n[ ] #4: Create package.json\n[ ] #5: Test the CLI calculator\n\n(1/5 completed)"
}
]
}
],
"model": "aws-claude-sonnet-4-6",
"system": "You are a coding agent at /home/xiangli/SourceCode/learn-claude-code.\nUse the todo tool to plan multi-step tasks. Mark in_progress before starting, completed when done.\nPrefer tools over prose.",
"tools": TOOLS
}assistant response:
json
{
"id": "msg_bdrk_01Jk1mSAvga1dsF1ySiUV6dJ",
"content": [
{
"id": "toolu_bdrk_013DtPYFiuoBnJwNtUay2Wfv",
"input": {
"items": [
{
"id": "1",
"text": "Plan project structure",
"status": "completed"
},
{
"id": "2",
"text": "Create calculator logic (calculator.js)",
"status": "in_progress"
},
{
"id": "3",
"text": "Create CLI entry point (index.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "4",
"text": "Create package.json",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "5",
"text": "Test the CLI calculator",
"status": "pending"
}
]
},
"name": "todo",
"type": "tool_use"
}
],
"model": "claude-sonnet-4-6",
"role": "assistant",
"stop_reason": "tool_use",
"type": "message",
"usage": {
"cache_creation": {
"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens": 0,
"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens": 0
},
"cache_creation_input_tokens": 0,
"cache_read_input_tokens": 0,
"input_tokens": 1204,
"output_tokens": 169
}
}todo: [x] #1: Plan project structure
\>\] #2: Create calculator logic (calculator.js) \[ \] #3: Create CLI entry point (index.js) \[ \] #4: Create package.json \[ \] #5: Test the CLI calculator
(1/5 completed)
messages:
json
[
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Build a CLI calculator that supports add, subtract, multiply, divide"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": [
{
"id": "toolu_bdrk_01F5aKghGkszNFjwfw5JXv3S",
"input": {
"items": [
{
"id": "1",
"text": "Plan project structure",
"status": "completed"
},
{
"id": "2",
"text": "Create calculator logic (calculator.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "3",
"text": "Create CLI entry point (index.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "4",
"text": "Create package.json",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "5",
"text": "Test the CLI calculator",
"status": "pending"
}
]
},
"name": "todo",
"type": "tool_use"
}
]
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": [
{
"type": "tool_result",
"tool_use_id": "toolu_bdrk_01F5aKghGkszNFjwfw5JXv3S",
"content": "[x] #1: Plan project structure\n[ ] #2: Create calculator logic (calculator.js)\n[ ] #3: Create CLI entry point (index.js)\n[ ] #4: Create package.json\n[ ] #5: Test the CLI calculator\n\n(1/5 completed)"
}
]
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": [
{
"id": "toolu_bdrk_013DtPYFiuoBnJwNtUay2Wfv",
"input": {
"items": [
{
"id": "1",
"text": "Plan project structure",
"status": "completed"
},
{
"id": "2",
"text": "Create calculator logic (calculator.js)",
"status": "in_progress"
},
{
"id": "3",
"text": "Create CLI entry point (index.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "4",
"text": "Create package.json",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "5",
"text": "Test the CLI calculator",
"status": "pending"
}
]
},
"name": "todo",
"type": "tool_use"
}
]
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": [
{
"type": "tool_result",
"tool_use_id": "toolu_bdrk_013DtPYFiuoBnJwNtUay2Wfv",
"content": "[x] #1: Plan project structure\n[>] #2: Create calculator logic (calculator.js)\n[ ] #3: Create CLI entry point (index.js)\n[ ] #4: Create package.json\n[ ] #5: Test the CLI calculator\n\n(1/5 completed)"
}
]
}
]assistant request:
python
from agents.s03_todo_write import TOOLS
request = {
"max_tokens": 8000,
"messages": [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Build a CLI calculator that supports add, subtract, multiply, divide"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": [
{
"id": "toolu_bdrk_01F5aKghGkszNFjwfw5JXv3S",
"input": {
"items": [
{
"id": "1",
"text": "Plan project structure",
"status": "completed"
},
{
"id": "2",
"text": "Create calculator logic (calculator.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "3",
"text": "Create CLI entry point (index.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "4",
"text": "Create package.json",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "5",
"text": "Test the CLI calculator",
"status": "pending"
}
]
},
"name": "todo",
"type": "tool_use"
}
]
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": [
{
"type": "tool_result",
"tool_use_id": "toolu_bdrk_01F5aKghGkszNFjwfw5JXv3S",
"content": "[x] #1: Plan project structure\n[ ] #2: Create calculator logic (calculator.js)\n[ ] #3: Create CLI entry point (index.js)\n[ ] #4: Create package.json\n[ ] #5: Test the CLI calculator\n\n(1/5 completed)"
}
]
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": [
{
"id": "toolu_bdrk_013DtPYFiuoBnJwNtUay2Wfv",
"input": {
"items": [
{
"id": "1",
"text": "Plan project structure",
"status": "completed"
},
{
"id": "2",
"text": "Create calculator logic (calculator.js)",
"status": "in_progress"
},
{
"id": "3",
"text": "Create CLI entry point (index.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "4",
"text": "Create package.json",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "5",
"text": "Test the CLI calculator",
"status": "pending"
}
]
},
"name": "todo",
"type": "tool_use"
}
]
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": [
{
"type": "tool_result",
"tool_use_id": "toolu_bdrk_013DtPYFiuoBnJwNtUay2Wfv",
"content": "[x] #1: Plan project structure\n[>] #2: Create calculator logic (calculator.js)\n[ ] #3: Create CLI entry point (index.js)\n[ ] #4: Create package.json\n[ ] #5: Test the CLI calculator\n\n(1/5 completed)"
}
]
}
],
"model": "aws-claude-sonnet-4-6",
"system": "You are a coding agent at /home/xiangli/SourceCode/learn-claude-code.\nUse the todo tool to plan multi-step tasks. Mark in_progress before starting, completed when done.\nPrefer tools over prose.",
"tools": TOOLS
}assistant response:
json
{
"id": "msg_bdrk_01AgkpmUyPQ7Cdz3tb6NMFyV",
"content": [
{
"id": "toolu_bdrk_01WEYD5N5QxSyWUD2amkpHmu",
"input": {
"command": "mkdir -p /home/xiangli/SourceCode/learn-claude-code/cli-calculator"
},
"name": "bash",
"type": "tool_use"
}
],
"model": "claude-sonnet-4-6",
"role": "assistant",
"stop_reason": "tool_use",
"type": "message",
"usage": {
"cache_creation": {
"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens": 0,
"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens": 0
},
"cache_creation_input_tokens": 0,
"cache_read_input_tokens": 0,
"input_tokens": 1450,
"output_tokens": 73
}
}bash: (no output)
messages:
json
[
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Build a CLI calculator that supports add, subtract, multiply, divide"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": [
{
"id": "toolu_bdrk_01F5aKghGkszNFjwfw5JXv3S",
"input": {
"items": [
{
"id": "1",
"text": "Plan project structure",
"status": "completed"
},
{
"id": "2",
"text": "Create calculator logic (calculator.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "3",
"text": "Create CLI entry point (index.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "4",
"text": "Create package.json",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "5",
"text": "Test the CLI calculator",
"status": "pending"
}
]
},
"name": "todo",
"type": "tool_use"
}
]
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": [
{
"type": "tool_result",
"tool_use_id": "toolu_bdrk_01F5aKghGkszNFjwfw5JXv3S",
"content": "[x] #1: Plan project structure\n[ ] #2: Create calculator logic (calculator.js)\n[ ] #3: Create CLI entry point (index.js)\n[ ] #4: Create package.json\n[ ] #5: Test the CLI calculator\n\n(1/5 completed)"
}
]
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": [
{
"id": "toolu_bdrk_013DtPYFiuoBnJwNtUay2Wfv",
"input": {
"items": [
{
"id": "1",
"text": "Plan project structure",
"status": "completed"
},
{
"id": "2",
"text": "Create calculator logic (calculator.js)",
"status": "in_progress"
},
{
"id": "3",
"text": "Create CLI entry point (index.js)",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "4",
"text": "Create package.json",
"status": "pending"
},
{
"id": "5",
"text": "Test the CLI calculator",
"status": "pending"
}
]
},
"name": "todo",
"type": "tool_use"
}
]
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": [
{
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