08_Opencv_基本图形绘制

Mikowoo0072025-07-21 20:01

基本图形绘制

demo

c 复制代码 
//---------------------------------【头文件、命名空间包含部分】----------------------------
//          描述：包含程序所使用的头文件和命名空间
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
using namespace cv;

//此程序对于OpenCV3版需要额外包含头文件：
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>



//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】--------------------------------------------
//        描述：定义一些辅助宏
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【绘制图1】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【绘制图2】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏

//--------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】-------------------------------------
//        描述：全局函数声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawEllipse( Mat img, double angle );//绘制椭圆
void DrawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center );//绘制圆
void DrawPolygon( Mat img );//绘制多边形
void DrawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end );//绘制线段

//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】----------------------------------
//          描述：输出一些帮助信息
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void ShowHelpText()
{
    //输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本
    printf("\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION );
    printf("\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}

//---------------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------
//        描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main( void )
{

    // 创建空白的Mat图像
    Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3 );
    Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3 );

    ShowHelpText();
    // ---------------------<1>绘制化学中的原子示例图------------------------

    //【1.1】先绘制出椭圆
    DrawEllipse( atomImage, 90 );
    DrawEllipse( atomImage, 0 );
    DrawEllipse( atomImage, 45 );
    DrawEllipse( atomImage, -45 );

    //【1.2】再绘制圆心
    DrawFilledCircle( atomImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2) );

    // ----------------------------<2>绘制组合图-----------------------------
    //【2.1】先绘制出多边形
    DrawPolygon( rookImage );

    // 【2.2】绘制矩形
    rectangle( rookImage,
        Point( 0, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ),
        Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH),
        Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),
        -1,
        8 );

    // 【2.3】绘制一些线段
    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( 0, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ) );
    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );
    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );
    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( 3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( 3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );

    // ---------------------------<3>显示绘制出的图像------------------------
    imshow( WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage );
    moveWindow( WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200 );
    imshow( WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage );
    moveWindow( WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200 );

    waitKey( 0 );
    return(0);
}

//-------------------------------【DrawEllipse( )函数】--------------------------------
//        描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了绘制不同角度、相同尺寸的椭圆
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawEllipse( Mat img, double angle )
{
    int thickness = 2;
    int lineType = 8;

    ellipse( img,
        Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2 ),
        Size( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ),
        angle,
        0,
        360,
        Scalar( 255, 129, 0 ),
        thickness,
        lineType );
}


//-----------------------------------【DrawFilledCircle( )函数】---------------------------
//        描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了实心圆的绘制
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center )
{
    int thickness = -1;
    int lineType = 8;

    circle( img,
        center,
        WINDOW_WIDTH/32,
        Scalar( 0, 0, 255 ),
        thickness,
        lineType );
}


//-----------------------------------【DrawPolygon( )函数】--------------------------
//        描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了凹多边形的绘制
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawPolygon( Mat img )
{
    int lineType = 8;

    //创建一些点
    Point rookPoints[1][20];
    rookPoints[0][0]  = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][1]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][2]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    rookPoints[0][3]  = Point( 11*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    rookPoints[0][4]  = Point( 19*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][5]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][6]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][7]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][8]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][9]  = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][10] = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][11] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][12] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][13] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][14] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][15] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][16] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][17] = Point( 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][18] = Point(  5*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    rookPoints[0][19] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );

    const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };
    int npt[] = { 20 };

    fillPoly( img,
        ppt,
        npt,
        1,
        Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),
        lineType );
}


//-----------------------------------【DrawLine( )函数】--------------------------
//        描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了线的绘制
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end )
{
    int thickness = 2;
    int lineType = 8;
    line( img,
        start,
        end,
        Scalar( 0, 0, 0 ),
        thickness,
        lineType );
}

ellipse() 椭圆

c 复制代码 
void cv::ellipse(InputOutputArray 	img,
				 Point 	center,
				 Size 	axes,
				 double 	angle,
				 double 	startAngle,
				 double 	endAngle,
				 const Scalar& 	color,
				 int 	thickness = 1,
				 int 	lineType = LINE_8,
				 int 	shift = 0 )


类型 变量 含义
Mat& img 表示输入的图像(画椭圆在这个图像上)
Point center 表示椭圆圆心坐标
Size axes 表示轴的长度
double angle 表示偏转的角度
double startAngle 表示圆弧起始角的角度
double endAngle 表示圆弧终结角的角度
const Scalar& color 表示线条的颜色
int thickness=1 表示线条的粗细宽度
int lineType=8 表示线条的类型
int shift=0 表示圆心坐标点和数轴的精度


RGB颜色对照表

c 复制代码 
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;

#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>

int main(int argc, char** argv){
    Mat atmoImage = Mat::zeros(600,600,CV_8UC3);
    double angle=90;
    int thickness = 3;
    int lineType = 8;
    
    ellipse(atmoImage,
            Point(600/2,600/2),
            Size(600/4,600/16),
            angle,
            0,
            360,
            Scalar(0,215,255), // Gold颜色
            thickness,
            lineType);
    
    imshow("绘制椭圆",atmoImage);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

circle() 圆

c 复制代码 
void cv::circle	(InputOutputArray 	img,
				 Point 	center,
				 int 	radius,
				 const Scalar & 	color,
				 int 	thickness = 1,
				 int 	lineType = LINE_8,
				 int 	shift = 0 )
c 复制代码 
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;

#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>

int main(int argc, char** argv){
    Mat atmoImage = Mat::zeros(600,600,CV_8UC3);
    int radius = 600/32;
    int thickness = -1;    // -1为实心，1为空心
    int lineType = 8;

    circle( atmoImage,
            Point(300,300),
            radius,
            Scalar( 0,215,255),
            thickness,
            lineType );
    
    imshow("绘制圆形",atmoImage);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

fillPoly() 多边形

c 复制代码 
void cv::fillPoly(InputOutputArray 	img,
				  const Point ** 	pts,
				  const int * 	npts,
				  int 	ncontours,
				  const Scalar & 	color,
				  int 	lineType = LINE_8,
				  int 	shift = 0,
				  Point 	offset = Point())
c 复制代码 
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏

int main(int argc, char** argv){
    Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(600,600,CV_8UC3);
   
    Point rookPoints[1][20];
    rookPoints[0][0]  = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][1]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][2]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    rookPoints[0][3]  = Point( 11*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    rookPoints[0][4]  = Point( 19*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][5]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][6]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][7]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][8]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][9]  = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][10] = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][11] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][12] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][13] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][14] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][15] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][16] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][17] = Point( 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][18] = Point(  5*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    rookPoints[0][19] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    
    for(int j=0; j<20; j++){
        printf("rookPoints[0][%d] = ",j);
        cout<< rookPoints[0][j] << endl << endl;
    }

    const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };
    int npt[] = { 20 };
    int lineType = 8;

    fillPoly( rookImage,ppt,npt,1,Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),lineType );
    
    int radius = 600/32;
    int thickness = -1;    // -1为实心，1为空心
    circle( rookImage,
            rookPoints[0][0],
            radius,
            Scalar( 0,215,255),
            thickness,
            lineType );
    
    
    imshow("绘制多边形",rookImage);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}


rectangle() 矩形

c 复制代码 
void cv::rectangle(InputOutputArray 	img,
				   Point 	pt1,
				   Point 	pt2,
				   const Scalar & 	color,
    			   int 	thickness = 1,
				   int 	lineType = LINE_8,
				   int 	shift = 0 )
c 复制代码 
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏

int main(int argc, char** argv){
    Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(600,600,CV_8UC3);

    rectangle( rookImage,
            Point( 0, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ),
            Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2-30, WINDOW_WIDTH-30),
            Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),
            -1,
            8 );
    
    int radius = 600/32;
    int thickness = -1;    // -1为实心，1为空心
    int lineType = 8;
    circle( rookImage,
            Point( 0, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ),
            radius,
            Scalar( 255,245,152), // 蓝色
            thickness,
            lineType);
    circle( rookImage,
            Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2-30, WINDOW_WIDTH-30),
            radius,
            Scalar( 0,255,0),   // 绿色
            thickness,
            lineType);
    
    imshow("绘制矩形",rookImage);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

line() 线段

c 复制代码 
void cv::line(	InputOutputArray 	img,
				Point 	pt1,
				Point 	pt2,
				const Scalar & 	color,
				int 	thickness = 1,
				int 	lineType = LINE_8,
				int 	shift = 0 )
c 复制代码 
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏

int main(int argc, char** argv){
    Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(600,600,CV_8UC3);

    int thickness = 2;
    int lineType = 8;
    line(rookImage,
         Point( 0, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ),
         Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ),
         Scalar( 62, 255, 192 ),
         thickness,
         lineType );
    
    line(rookImage,
         Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ),
         Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ),
         Scalar( 62, 255, 192 ),
         thickness,
         lineType );
    
    imshow("绘制线段",rookImage);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}
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