C61-结构体数组

一 结构体数组

结构体数组是指数组的每个元素都是同一个结构体类型。

定义与初始化、访问与操作

• Example:

  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <string.h>
  
  struct Student
  {
      char name[32];
      int  StudentNumber;
      char sex[4];
      int age;
      float score;
      char address[32];
  };  
  
  int main()
  {
      //声明与初始化结构体数组
      struct Student students[3]=
      {
         {"Tony",20251911,"男",19,94.7,"云南"},
         {"Michle",20251931,"男",19,95.8,"湖南"},
         {"Jane",20251945,"女",18,94.9,"北京"}
      }; 
  
      //遍历结构体数组
      int len;
      len=sizeof(students)/sizeof(students[0]);
  
      for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
      {
          printf("姓名:%s, 学号:%d, 性别:%s, 年龄:%d, 分数:%f,  籍贯: %s\n\n",
          students[i].name,students[i].StudentNumber,students[i].sex,students[i].age,students[i].score,students[i].address);
      }
  
      //修改某项信息
      students[2].score=100;
      //修改测试
      printf("姓名:%s, 学号:%d, 性别:%s, 年龄:%d, 分数:%f,  籍贯: %s\n\n",
          students[2].name,students[2].StudentNumber,students[2].sex,students[2].age,students[2].score,students[2].address);
      
      return 0;
  }

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二 mini项目-选票系统

• Example:

  //三个候选者,五个选民每人一张票
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <string.h>
  
  struct Candidate
  {
      char name[32];
      int votes;
  };  
  
  int main()
  {
      //声明结构体数组
      struct Candidate candidates[3];     //candidates:候选者们
      struct Candidate electee;   //electee:当选者
  
      //相关数据定义
      int AbandonedTickets=0;     //计数弃票
      char TempName[32];  //用于临时存放选民的意向人名字
      
  
      //初始化选民信息
      int i;
      int j;
      int mark;
      int len=sizeof(candidates)/sizeof(candidates[0]);
      for(i=0;i<len;i++)
      {
          candidates[i].votes=0;
          printf("请输入第%d个候选者的名字:\n",i+1);
          scanf("%s",candidates[i].name);
      }
  
      //唱票环节
      for(i=0;i<5;i++)
      {    
          mark=0;  
          memset(TempName,'\0',sizeof(TempName));  //清空临时存放,避免后期比对错误
          printf("请问你把票投给谁:\n");
          scanf("%s",TempName);
          for (j= 0; j<len;j++)
          {
              if (strcmp(TempName,candidates[j].name)==0)
              {
                  candidates[j].votes++;
                  mark=1;
                  // 找到匹配后可提前退出内层循环，优化效率
                  break;
              }
          }
          // 修复：将弃票判断移至内层循环外，确保检查所有候选人后再判断
          if (mark==0)
          {
              printf("不存在此候选人,意味着你弃票!\n");
              AbandonedTickets++;
          }   
      }
  
      //结果公示
      for(i=0;i<len;i++)
      {
          printf("名字:%s,票数:%d\n",candidates[i].name,candidates[i].votes);
      }
      printf("\n");
  
      electee=candidates[0];
      for (i=0; i<len;i++)
      {
          if (electee.votes < candidates[i].votes)
          {
              electee = candidates[i];
          }
      }
  
      printf("%s以%d票当选,弃票为%d",electee.name,electee.votes,AbandonedTickets);
  
      return 0;
  }

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• Error reporting&Summary: