不同版本的基础镜像,ubuntu24.04可以正常 apt update, ubuntu20.04 执行 apt update时报错,是因为 ubuntu20.04官网已停止维护不再更新的缘故吗?
当前日期是 2025.11.4,已超过维护期限了
(ros2) ➜ cuda11x git:(feature-hjw) ✗ docker run -it --rm ubuntu:noble
root@9a125502987a:/# apt update
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble InRelease [256 kB]
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security InRelease [126 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease [126 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe amd64 Packages [1170 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports InRelease [126 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/restricted amd64 Packages [117 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 Packages [1808 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/restricted amd64 Packages [2703 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/multiverse amd64 Packages [331 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 Packages [19.3 MB]
Get:11 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/main amd64 Packages [1635 kB]
Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [33.1 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [2842 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 Packages [2001 kB]
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1939 kB]
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [35.9 kB]
Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/main amd64 Packages [49.4 kB]
Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/universe amd64 Packages [33.9 kB]
Fetched 34.6 MB in 1min 26s (405 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
10 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
root@9a125502987a:/# exit
exit
(ros2) ➜ cuda11x git:(feature-hjw) ✗ docker run -it --rm ubuntu:focal
root@b308a189bc19:/# apt update
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
Err:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Couldn't create temporary file /tmp/apt.conf.OEhhRn for passing config to apt-key
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [128 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [128 kB]
Err:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease
Couldn't create temporary file /tmp/apt.conf.kR14aw for passing config to apt-key
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [128 kB]
Err:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease
Couldn't create temporary file /tmp/apt.conf.QgCvOz for passing config to apt-key
Err:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease
Couldn't create temporary file /tmp/apt.conf.FxCltC for passing config to apt-key
Reading package lists... Done
W: GPG error: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease: Couldn't create temporary file /tmp/apt.conf.OEhhRn for passing config to apt-key
E: The repository 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease: Couldn't create temporary file /tmp/apt.conf.kR14aw for passing config to apt-key
E: The repository 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease: Couldn't create temporary file /tmp/apt.conf.QgCvOz for passing config to apt-key
E: The repository 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease: Couldn't create temporary file /tmp/apt.conf.FxCltC for passing config to apt-key
E: The repository 'http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
根据你的描述和测试结果,Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal) 在 Docker 中执行 apt update 失败,而 Ubuntu 24.04 (Noble) 可以正常更新 ,原因确实与 Ubuntu 20.04 的官方维护状态有关。以下是详细分析:
1. Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal) 的维护状态
- 官方支持周期 :Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 的 标准支持(Standard Support)已于 2025 年 4 月结束 ,进入 扩展安全维护(ESM, Extended Security Maintenance) 阶段。
- ESM 限制 :
- ESM 仅提供安全更新 ,且需要 Ubuntu Pro 订阅(免费个人使用最多 5 台机器)。
- 默认的
archive.ubuntu.com和security.ubuntu.com会停止普通更新 ,导致apt update失败(GPG 签名错误或 404 错误)。
- 你的测试现象 :
- 错误提示
Couldn't create temporary file /tmp/apt.conf.*可能是 Docker 环境中的临时文件权限问题,但根本原因是 仓库已失效(即使修复权限,也会因仓库无更新而失败)。
- 错误提示
2. Ubuntu 24.04 (Noble) 正常更新的原因
- Ubuntu 24.04 是 最新 LTS 版本 (2024 年 4 月发布),处于标准支持阶段 ,官方仓库(
archive.ubuntu.com)完全可用。 - 你的测试中
apt update成功,说明仓库配置和临时文件权限均正常。
3. 解决方案
方法 1:切换到受支持的 Ubuntu 版本
-
推荐 :使用 Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy) 或 24.04 (Noble) ,避免维护问题。
bashdocker run -it --rm ubuntu:24.04 # 或 ubuntu:jammy
方法 2:为 Ubuntu 20.04 启用 ESM(需订阅)
-
注册 Ubuntu Pro(免费个人版):
bashpro attach FREE # 免费订阅(个人用途) -
或手动配置 ESM 仓库(需订阅令牌):
bash# 示例(需替换 <TOKEN>) echo "deb https://esm.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ <YOUR_UBUNTU_VERSION> main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/esm.list apt update
方法 3:使用旧版镜像存档(不推荐)
-
如果仅需临时测试,可使用 Ubuntu 官方存档镜像 (无安全更新):
bashdocker run -it --rm ubuntu:20.04 sed -i 's|archive.ubuntu.com|old-releases.ubuntu.com|g' /etc/apt/sources.list apt update # 可能仍会失败(GPG 密钥过期)
方法 4:修复临时文件权限(仅解决表象)
-
如果错误是
/tmp权限问题(非仓库失效),可尝试:bashchmod 1777 /tmp # 确保临时目录可写 apt update但 Ubuntu 20.04 的仓库问题仍会存在。
4. 根本原因总结
- Ubuntu 20.04 的默认仓库已失效:因为超过了标准支持周期,官方不再提供普通更新。
- Ubuntu 24.04 正常:处于支持周期内,仓库完全可用。
- Docker 环境问题 :
/tmp权限错误可能是偶然现象,但即使修复,仓库失效问题仍会导致apt update失败。
建议
- 升级到新版本 :如无特殊依赖,优先使用 Ubuntu 22.04 或 24.04。
- 必须使用 20.04 :启用 ESM 或使用自定义镜像(如
old-releases.ubuntu.com,但需自行承担风险)。
如果有其他依赖问题(如 ROS2 兼容性),可进一步讨论具体场景!